Activity Time

1-2 4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kj-CxhG7XBw&ab_channel=StartPracticing
1-3 1
2-4 1
3-4 1
3-5 6
4-9 5
5-6 4
5-7 8
6-8 1
7-8 2
8-10 5
9-10 7

Earliest Latest Float

Activity Time Start Finish Start Finish Total Float
tij EST EFT (EST+ tij) LST (LFT-tij) LFT TF= LS-ES/LF-EF
1-2 4 0 4 5 9 5
1-3 1 0 1 0 1 0
2-4 1 4 5 9 10 5
3-4 1 1 2 9 10 8
3-5 6 1 7 1 7 0
4-9 5 5 10 10 15 5
5-6 4 7 11 12 16 5
5-7 8 7 15 7 15 0
6-8 1 11 12 16 17 5
7-8 2 15 17 15 17 0
8-10 5 17 22 17 22 0
9-10 7 10 17 15 22 5
38
=StartPracticing
Q1 A Project Schedule has the following
characteristics:

Construct a Network diagram

Compute the Earliest event time and Latest event
time
Determine the critical path and total project time
Compute total and free float for each acts.

Float
Notes: forward Path
Free Float Zero will be the starting time
FFij=EFTj-ESTi-tij EFij= ESij-tij
0
Backward Path
0 For ending event assume E=L
0 LFij or Lj=LF-tij
3 Critical Path : An activity is said to be critical if the
0 total Float TFij for any activity ij is zero.
0
Critical Path
0 1-3-5-7-8-10
0 Total Time= 1+6+8+2+5= 22 days
5
0
0
5
Activity Duration
1-2 13 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-oN1nMP78Q&ab_channel=KarpagamQ
1-3 12
2-4 2
3-4 8
2-5 15
4-5 2

Earliest Latest Float

Activity Time Start Finish Start Finish Total Float Free Float
tij EST EFT (EFT+ tij) LST (LST-tij) LFT TF= LS-ES/LF-EF FF=ESTj-ESTi-tij
1-2 13 0 13 0 13 0 0
1-3 12 0 12 6 18 6 0
2-4 2 13 15 24 26 11 5
3-4 8 12 20 18 26 6 0
2-5 15 13 28 13 28 0 0
4-5 2 20 22 26 28 6 6
29

Critical Path
What Is the Critical Path In Project Management?
In project management, the critical path is the longest sequence of tasks that must be
completed to execute a project. The tasks on the critical path are called critical activities
because if they’re delayed, the whole project completion will be delayed. To find the
critical path, project managers use the critical path method (CPM).
What Is the Critical Path Method (CPM)?
The critical path method (CPM) is a project management technique that’s used by
project managers to create an accurate project Schedule . The CPM method, also
known as critical path analysis (CPA), consists in using the CPM formula and a network
diagram to visually represent the task sequences of a project. Once these task
sequences or paths are defined, their duration is calculated to identify the critical path.
What Is the Critical Path Method (CPM)?
The critical path method (CPM) is a project management technique that’s used by
project managers to create an accurate project Schedule . The CPM method, also
known as critical path analysis (CPA), consists in using the CPM formula and a network
diagram to visually represent the task sequences of a project. Once these task
sequences or paths are defined, their duration is calculated to identify the critical path.
78Q&ab_channel=KarpagamQTcorner

Independent Float:
IF 1-2= LFT2-EST1-d12

Critical Path=
ESTj-LFTi-tij where TF=0
1-2-5
Independent float Total Time =13+15= 28 days
0
0 Total float :Total float is the amount of time a task or a project can be delayed
without impacting the overall project completion time
5 Free float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the
0 -6 start of its successor activity. To calculate free float, you can use the following
formula:
0 time cannot be negative so its taken as 0
Free float = Early start of the successor activity - Early start of the current activity
0 -tij
Independent float It is defined as the amount of time an activity's start time can
be delayed without affecting the earliest start time of any successors. So
independent float is the delay in any project tasks that have no bearing on the
early finish date of the project (EST2-LFT1-tij)

Interfering Float = Total float-Free float

 project can be delayed

ayed without delaying the

u can use the following

start of the current activity

an activity's start time can

any successors. So
have no bearing on the
 Iteration 1
Normal Crash Cc-Cn/Tn-Tc
Activity Time Tn Cost Cn Time Tc Cost Cc slope
1-2 7 700 4 850 50
1-3 5 500 3 700 100
1-4 8 600 5 1200 200
2-5 9 800 7 1250 225
3-5 5 700 3 1000 150
3-6 6 1100 5 1300 200
4-6 7 1200 5 1450 125
5-7 2 400 1 500 100
6-7 3 500 2 850 350
Direct Cost 6500
Indirect cost 200 per week

Crashing1

Paths Total duration (weeks)

1-2-5-7 18 CP
1-3-5-7 12
1-3-6-7 13
1-4-6-7 18 CP
Total Cost 1 TC1= Direct+Indirect Cost 6500+18*200= 10100

Crash limit & Slope-1

Critical Path Critical activity Crash limit Cost slope
1-2-5-7 1-2 7-4=3 50 min
2-5 2 225
5-7 1 100
1-4-6-7 1-4 8-5=3 200
4-6 2 125 min
6-7 1 350
 Find the optimumproject crash time.

NOTE: Pls. follow video or notes

given in the class, there can be minor
mistakes in typing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=U7kXfNnAjcE&ab_channel=KauserWise

Crashing2

Paths Total duration (weeks)

1-2-5-7 17 CP
1-3-5-7 12
1-3-6-7 13
1-4-6-7 17 CP
Total Cost TC2= Prev TC1-Indirect Cost+Slope cost 10100+(50+125)-1*200 10075

Crash limit & Slope-2

Critical Pa Critical activity Crash limit Cost slope
1-2-5-7 1-2 6-4=3 50 min
2-5 2 225
5-7 1 100
1-4-6-7 1-4 8-5=2 200
4-6 1 125 min
6-7 1 350
 Crashing3

Paths Total duration (weeks) Paths Total duration (weeks)

1-2-5-7 16 CP 1-2-5-7 15 CP
1-3-5-7 12 1-3-5-7 12
1-3-6-7 13 1-3-6-7 13
1-4-6-7 16 CP 1-4-6-7 15 CP
Total Cost TC3= Prev TC2+In10075+(50 10050 Total Cost TC4= Prev TC3+In

Crash limit & Slope-2 TC3<TC4 no further crashing required

Critical Pa Critical actCrash limitCost slope
1-2-5-7 1-2 5-4=1 50 min
2-5 2 225
5-7 1 100
1-4-6-7 1-4 8-5=2 200 sellect
4-6 0 125 min but exhausted
6-7 1 350
ation (weeks)

10050+(50 10100

r crashing required
 Most Optimistic Most Likely Pessimistic time Expected Time Standard Deviation
Activity To Tm Tp 4Tm Te=(To+4Tm+Tp)/6 σ=(Tp-To)/6
1-2 3 6 9 24 6 1
1-6 2 5 8 20 5
2-3 6 12 18 48 12 2
2-4 4 5 6 20 5
3-5 8 11 14 44 11 1
4-5 3 7 11 28 7
6-7 3 9 15 36 9
5-8 2 4 6 16 4 0.6667
7-8 8 16 18 64 15
33
X= 35 Days or below
Average Critical time= 33 weeks
SD= Sqrt(6.444)= 2.54
Z=(X-Mean)/SD Z=(35-33)/2.54 0.7874
p(X<=35 Days) 0.7823 Prob of 78.23 percent that project will finish on time
 Variance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1WwNKDdDC0&ab_channel=StartPracticing
σ2
1

0.4444

6.444

nish on time
 Most OptimMost Likely Pessimistic time Expected Time Standard Deviation
Activity To Tm Tp 4Tm Te=(To+4Tm+Tp)/6 σ=(Tp-To)/6
1-2 3 6 15 24 7 2
1-3 2 5 14 20 6 2
1-4 6 12 30 48 14 4
2-5 2 5 8 20 5 1
2-6 5 11 17 44 11 2
3-6 3 6 15 24 7 2
4-7 3 9 27 36 11 4
5-7 1 4 7 16 4 1
6-7 2 5 8 20 5 1
25
X= 27Days or below
Average Critical time= 25 weeks
SD= Sqrt(32)= 5.66
Z=(X-MeanZ=(27-25)/sqrt(32) 0.3536
p(X<=27 Days) 0.6368 Prob of 63.68 percent that project will finish on time
 Variance
σ2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EcebA6Nn6o&ab_channel=HAMEEDAMATHTUBER
4
4
16
1 a Show the network for the project, and identify the critical activiti
4 b What is the probability that the project will be completed in 20 d
4 c If X= 27 days,What is the probability that the project will finish on
16 X= 27Days or below
1 Average Critical time= 25 weeks
1 SD= Sqrt(32)= 5.66
32 Z=(X-Mean)/SD Z=(27-25)/sqrt(32)= 0.3536
p(X<=27 Days)= 0.6368 Prob of 63.68 percent that project will finis

d What is the duration for 90% probability

Z=1.28 (at p=.40 from St Normal table)

nish on time
Z=(X- Mean)/SD
1.28= (X-25)/5.66
1.28* 5.66= (X-25)
7.2448=X-25
X= 32.245
therefore project should start approximately 32.245 days prior to th

e What is the duration for 95% probability

Z=1.645 (at p=.45 from St Normal table)
Z=(X- Mean)/SD
1.645= (X-25)/5.66
1.645* 5.66= (X-25)
X= 34.311therefore project should start approximately 34 days prio

f What is the duration for 99% probability

Z=2.33 (at p=.45 from St Normal table)
Z=(X- Mean)/SD
2.33= (X-25)/5.66
2.33* 5.66= (X-25)
13.1878= (X-25)= 38.1878
X= 38.1878
,therefore project should start approximately 38 days prior to the e
DAMATHTUBER

and identify the critical activities and the expected project duration.
oject will be completed in 20 days?
y that the project will finish on time

0.3536
8 percent that project will finish on time

bility

e)

imately 32.245 days prior to the end date

bility
ble)

art approximately 34 days prior to the end date

ability
e)

ximately 38 days prior to the end date

 Preceding actTime estimates (days) ND Vohra Editio pg 640-643)
Activity Most Most likely Most
optimistic pessimistic
A - 4 6 8
B A 5 7 15
C A 4 8 12
D B 15 20 25
E B 10 18 26
F C 8 9 16
G E 4 8 12
H D, F 1 2 3
I G, H 6 7 8

Activity Most Most likely Most Expected Time Standard Deviation

optimistic pessimistic Te=(To+4Tm+Tp)/6 σ=(Tp-To)/6
A 1-2 4 6 8 6 0.667
B 2-3 5 7 15 8 1.667
C 2-4 4 8 12 8
D 3-6 15 20 25 20
E 3-5 10 18 26 18 2.667
F 4-6 8 9 16 10
G 5-7 4 8 12 8 1.333
H 6-7 1 2 3 2
I 7-8 6 7 8 7 0.333
47
X: Time of finishing the project
Average 47
SD= 3.496

b p( X<55)
p(Z< 55-47/3.496 2.2883295 2.29

Area from the standard normal table it is found to be equal to.4890

Ans= 0.50+0.4890 0.98

C
to calculate the time as to when to start the work, we
have to obtain value of X corresponding to which an
area equal to 0.90 lies to the left of it. From the
normat area table, we observe that Z value
corresponding to area of 0.40 (area between X and
Mu) is 1.28. Thus we have
1.28=X-47/3.496, X= 51.47 or approx 52 days

d
A panelty woud be paid if the project is not completed in 50
days. For a panelty to be paid upto Rs.2000, the project
would complete between 50 to 54 days. The probability of
this would be given by the area marked by the Fig 3, We
have,
 A panelty woud be paid if the project is not completed in 50
days. For a panelty to be paid upto Rs.2000, the project
would complete between 50 to 54 days. The probability of
this would be given by the area marked by the Fig 3, We
have,
Z1=(54-47)/3.496= 0.4772
Z2=(50-47)/3.496=0.3051
Required area= 0.4772-0.3051=0.1721

the probability that the panelty would be paid not more

than Rs.2000 is = 0.1721.

d Earliest and Latest Schedule time

Activity Expected Time Early start ES+tij LF-tij late finish

Te=tij ES EF LS LF
A 1-2 6 0 6 0 6
B 2-3 8 6 14 6 14
C 2-4 8 6 14 20 28
D 3-6 20 14 34 18 38
E 3-5 18 14 32 14 32
F 4-6 10 14 24 28 38
G 5-7 8 32 40 32 40
H 6-7 2 34 36 38 40
I 7-8 7 40 47 40 47

Note: ES See tail Event (lower)

LF: See Head event (upper)
Variance
σ2
0.444
2.778

a Show the network for the project, and

7.111 identify the critical activities and the expected
project duration.
b What is the probability that the project will be
1.778 completed in 55 days?
c If the company wants to be 90% sure of
meeting a given deadline, when should he start
0.111 the project work?
12.222 d A penalty of Rs 500 per day is imposed if the
project is not completed in 50 days. What is the
probability that a penalty, but not exceeding
Rs2000, will be paid?
1.645
 Standard Deviation Variance
Activity Predecessor Optimistic Pessimistic Expected Time σ2
A - 3 15 8
B - 4 8 6
C - 6 20 12
D A 6 6 6
E A 5 9 7
F B 6 15 9
G B 4 12 6
H C, D, F 10 12 11
I G 4 8 6
J E 10 18 14

Activity
A 1-2
B 1-4
C 1-3
D 2-3
E 2-5
F 4-3
G 4-6
H 3-7
I 6-7
J 5-7
Following are the optimistic, pessimistic, and expected duration (in
days) for the activities required to be completed for a project.
Draw the network diagram (2 marks).

Calculated the expected duration and the variance of the project. (4

marks)

Find the probability of completing the project in 30 days (2 marks)

What is the duration for 90% probability? (2 marks)
duration (in
roject.

e project. (4

s (2 marks)