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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
347 views43 pagesArea Under Curve
class 12
Uploaded by
jashandeep2006singhnbediCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Area Under Curves DISCLAIMER
“The content provided herein are created and owned by various authors and licensed
to Sorting Hat Technologies Private Limited (“Company”). The Company disclaims all
rights and liabilities in relation to the content. The author of the content shall be solely
responsible towards, without limitation, any claims, liabilities, damages or suits which
may arise with respect to the same” Area Under Curves
DIFFERENT CASES OF BOUNDED AREA
1. The area bounded by the continuous curve
= f() (fG0 > 0), the axis of x and the ordinates
x = a and x= b (where b > a) is given by
an folio ie
2. The area bounded by the straight line x = a,
x = b (a a) is given by
+ Jr
A= Jeooae Fro
As
fre 5. The area bounded by y = f(x) and y = g(x)
(where a $ x < b), when they intersect at
x = € (a, b) is given by
i"
A= Jf) -g6)I dx
¢ .
Or J [00 - eco] x +f[e00 - ea)Jax
DIFFERENT CASES OF BOUNDED AREA
4. The area bounded by the continuous curve
x = f(y), the axis of y and the abscissa
y = aand y =b (where b > a) is given by
. 8
Az |fividy =Jxdy
2. The area bounded by the straight line y = a,
y = b (a a) is given by
Az +
fsa
J fords]
yf
=b}
Oy FO) fades)
y=al
x+y x A= J tondy- [rory
5. The area bounded by x = f(y) and x = gy)
(where a < y < b), when they intersect at
y = ¢ € (a,b) is given by
*
A= J {fy - o)]dy
4 ‘
or A= f(fy)- eissy + J (ely) - Fy
ILLUSTRATIONS :
Find the area bounded by the parabola y= x7 +1 and the straight line
xty=3.
Sol, The two curves meet at points where 3 - x= x? +1 ie. +x-2=0
=> (x+2)(k-1)=0>x=-2,1
required area = A= Ile =x)-(? + px
2
2 5q. units.
& sq, units.
Find the area, lying above x-axis and included between the circle x? + y? = 8x
i and the parabola y? = 4x. Sol.
Solving the curves, we get x? + 4x = 8x => x = 0, 4.
Required area = [Y,reuudX + [ YoucidX
2 +
Circle is (x-4y + y? = 4
Area of circle in 1 quadrant = ju =4n
A= 2] Vxdx+ 4x
=4fer] +4na ‘x ay +4n sq. units
aL lo 3
= 2 +4 sq. units.
Find the area bounded by the curve y = (x-1) (x — 2) (x — 3) lying between the
ordinates x = 0 and x= 3.
Y=Q-)&-JH-3)
The curves will intersect the x-axis, when y = 0
> &-)&-D&K-3)=0
> «=1,2,3
And the curve intersects the y-axis.
When x= 0 > y=-6
Thus, the graph of the given function
for 0 $x$ 3is as shown in figure.
Hence, the required area A = shaded area
-[pe jv jv
Since [ydx = f(x- Mx -2\(x-3)dx
+ +|
= J? 6x2 + te 6d
a 2
=X ay 4 MH ex
4 2
from equation (1)
(0, -6)
0) Sol, Required area = shaded region
Consider the region formed by the lines x = 0, y = 0, x = 2, y= 2. Area enclosed
by the curves y = e* and y = In x, within this region is being removed. Then,
find the area of the remaining region
we
=2] (2-e")0x (By symmetry)
2
=a[2-e'
= 2(2 In2 - 1) sq. units
Find the area bounded by the curves y = sin x and y = cos x between two con-
secutive points of their intersection.
Sol, Two consecutive points of intersection of y = sin x and y = cosx can be taken as
5x
and x==*
Required area = “f (sinx—cosx}de
cu
- cosx-sinx]
sis
2,
BR
a4 £9, unite
Find the area bounded by
@ log, |x] andy=0 Gi) y = [log,| xi] and y = 0 Sol, @ y=log, |x| and y= 0
From the figure, required area = area of the
shaded region
| dog, xc
7 2\xtog, x-x),|=2 sq. units
Gil) y= log xi| and y = 0
From the figure, required area
rea of the shaded region
+1=2 sq. units
Find the area included by the curve y = In x, x-axis and the two ordinates at
a
‘ é y
Sol al finxdsl + flnxdx
ive 1
4 m Ve
= [xn 9}, |+ [atin - 9] 7 D
ao-2
“e
O.8 Find the area included by the curve x= 2y-y" and the y-axis
Sol, *=%-¥ y
oe a ~2y =0-3y=1 curve bends aty=1 (0.2)
oy
ay 4
, a
ae [roy = fery- yay =
ae Alternative method: y
This can also be done by taking vertical strip z
yi-2y4+x=0
y= 2a Nana
2z x
y=t+Vi-x
y=t-vi-x vy)
2(r-x)"
3]
For b > a >1, the area enclosed by the curve y = ln x, y axis and the straight
lines y = In a and y= In bis
6 Jo alan= [2() = -Fe-}
@b-a (8) b(tn b - 1) -a(in a1)
(©) (ina) (b- a) (0) (in b) (In a)
Sol.
Required area = t e’dy = fet? =(b-a)
_ >) Find the area enclosed between y = sin x; y = cos x and y-axis in the 1" quad-
rant.
us
Sol, A= J (cosx-sinxdx =[sinx +cosx]0” = v2 -1
3 (0.1) Find the area enclosed by y = tan x; y = cot x and x-axis in 1* quadrant.
us PA
Sol, Ax J tanxdx+ J cot xax
i
us 1.
A=2J tanxdx = 2[InI secx I]
0
= 2Iny2 =In2
(2.12, Compute the area enclosed between y = tan“x; y = cotx and y-axis,
Sol. A= [ (cot x- tan” xdx
2
us 5
A= J (tany)dy + (cot yddy =In2
>
’
(0.19 Area enclosed by y=
3
Sol, A=J@-€ydx=18
2
O14 Compute the larger area bounded by y = 4 + 3x - x" and the coordinates axes.
<4
Sol. A Jydx=J(4+3x-x?)dx :
ot O.15 Find the area bounded by y= sinx, y = cos“x and x-axis.
Sol. y= sin"x, y= cos" and the x-axis if vertical strip is used, we get
up 4
A= | sintxdx+ [ cos xdx
e we
If horizontal strip is used, then
ws
A= | (cosy-sinyjay
2
=[siny +cosy]”
1 1
=/t+t-1f2v2-1
lee
_ > Find the area of the region in the 1" quadrant bounded on the left by the
, above left by the curve y=1+ Vx and above
y-axis, below by the line y=
right by the curve y=
Sol. Required area
+(4-2)-2.2-2 sq. units.
a) 3 3
O.1°7 Find the area of the figure bounded by the parabolas x = -2y*,x -1—3y".
Sol, Solving the equation x = -2y?, x = 1- 3y? we find that ordinates of the point of
intersection of the two curves as y, = -1,y, = 1. The points are (-2, -1) and
(-2, 1).
The required area (using horizontal strip) 1
A= 2fx, -x,)dy
2
=af[(-27)-(2 Joy
acallr-y'}ovealy- 2] =4
ind the area bounded by the x-axis, part of the curve y=1+—~ and the
x
ordinates x = 2 and x = 4,
Sol. yes meet x =2 and x=4
at (2, 3) and (+3) respectively.
4
Area = iG + js
2
[eZ
=(4-2)-(2-4)=4.
Aloo
(0.19, Show that the area enclosed by the line segments |x|+|y|=1 is 2
Sol, Case-tz x2 0,y 2051" Quadrant
sextysl
Case-il: x 20,y <0 +4" Quadrant
=x-ysl
Case-il: x <0,y 202 Quadrant
Soxty=1.
Case-IV: x<0,y<0- 3% Quadrant
axtye-t
10. Area =1x2x2 A=, in frome]
=2 Hence proved.
| The area bounded by curve y= x’, the x-axis and the ordinate at x = -2 and
x=1i8
3 15 15 7
o> ® > © = o>
Sol. ©
0 1
Area =|f[ x°dx| + [x¢dx
Ee 3
The area enclosed ky the curve |y|= sin2x, when xc [0,2r]is
a. @2 @3 m4
Sol. ©
I
= 2xe [0,n] U[2n,3n]u {4x}
= xe [-§]-[-¥] {an}
Also ly| = sin 2x represents two
curve, y= sin 2x and y = ~ sin 2x,
both periodic function with period x.
From the graph, using symmetry, we can say that area enclosed is equal to :
sin2x = sin2x 20
3
A = 4] sindxdx = -2cos2x]2 = -2(-1-1)=4
2
oi The area bounded by the curve y = 2x-x’ and the straight line y = -xis given
by
9 43
o> Or
Sol.
Points of intersection:
=x? -3x=0
=x=0 or3.
= Area = [[le-)-(-a]ex
~ [fe-v)o
=[22 2%
2 3
_27_27 9
2° 3 2°
STANDARD AREAS TO BE REMEMBERED:
(1) Area bounded by the curve y? = 4ax;
16ab|
3
‘At point of intersection
x? = Gby is equal to
4ax = x* = 64ab"x
= x=0, (64 aby”
Let k = 4(ab’)”"
a-|[aeu-5}
*«
i
3 2
aloe = EEE alan
3 1b 3 126
a to
2 Bav-Bap = Jab
1
(p)
64(ab?)
12
12. ILLUSTRATION:
©, Find the area bounded by the curve y =vKix=y
Sol.
4g:
* 1
Required area = 22.4 4
Areas 1
3
(2) Area bounded by the parabola y? = 4ax
andy © mmx is equal to [22
y? = 4ax and y = mx
At point of intersection
4a
mx? =4ax = x=0,—>
m
Area = [xen mx)dx where ¢ = =
ILLUSTRATION :
Q. Find the area bounded by the curves x? = y: y= Ixl.
Sol. Area=2
13. 2. Find the area bounded by the curves y’ = x; x = lyl
2
1
; 4
wea 235] =8 4} 23
am} 3a?
(chord perpendicular to the axis of symmetry)
Required area = CABO
=2 f(olax)ox= aval
8 fa (ave)
Area of rectangle ABCD = 4a?
2
2
2
= Area of OAOB = —(area cABCD)
ILLUSTRATION:
2 Find the area bounded by the curve y= 2x-x*,y+3=0
Sol, For point of intersection of y = 2x ~ x? and y +
Area (ABCD) = 4x 4 =16
2x16 = 2
3
=O
Required area Alternative method:
By integration
A= flee -carpr =2
(4) Whole area of ellipse
equal tox ab:
As sf 5 feo
Put x =asin€ a0)
oA "2
A=4 | abcos* aie = 4ab [ cos’ ede
2 z
saab {2 po=sae(] =a
4
Find the ratio in which the area bounded by the curve y? = 12x and x" = ‘12y is
divided by the line x= 3.
16ab
Area between curves y’ = 4ax and 4by is ——.
Sol. Ar curves y* = 4ax and x° = 4by is
Herea a = 3 and b=3 i
16(3)(3
= area = SNA) -
i
a [=
i
A (# x
lo
147 14749
15. ey
(9.2 Find the area of ellipse =
Sol, Area of ellipse = nab = n(4)(3) = 120
SHIFTING OF ORIGIN:
Since area remains invariant even if the
coordinates axes are shifted, hence shifting
‘of origin in many cases proves to be very
convenient in computing the areas.
ILLUSTRATION :
Find area enclosed between the ellipse 9x? + 4y? - 36x+8y+4-0 andthe
line 3x + 2y - 10 = 0 in the first quadrant.
Sol, 9%? +4y?-36x+8y+4=0
= K-24 Ay HF = 96
=? (+?
7 Se a)
LetX=x-2andY=y41
So equation of ellipse will be
ay?
x4
7 3
and equation of line 3x + 2y- 10 = 0 (2)
30K + 2) + 2(Y = 1)-10 = 0
3X+2¥-6=0 (0,3)
So required area (shaded region)
(2.0)
= 2 Lap)
42
= Beayay- day) 2 232 ERD
=e) 7A) => 35 >
| Find the area enclosed between the parabola y? —2y + 4x+5=0 and
x? +2x-y+2=0
Sol, Parabotat: y? -2y+4x45=0
= (y=) =-4(x+1)
Parabola 2: x +2x-y+2=0
16. (xe) y-1
= By shifting the origin to point (-1, 1),
Parabola 1 : Y? =-4x
Parabola 2 : =Y
16(2)( +
= Area enclosed = —>
et.
“3
Find the area enclosed by the parabola (y - 2)? = x - 1 and the tangent to it at
(2,3) and x-axis.
Sol, — Shifting origin to (1, 2),
Equation of parabola becomes y? = x
Point of tangent =(1,1)
= Tangents: y-t=3(x-1)
dy wi
axl, 2
x-axis y+2=0
Graph:
From above figure, it is clear that finding the
area using horizontal strip is more easy.
= Area = Iv -(2y-1))dy
1 Iya
= f(y? -2v+A)ay *|aov ty
4
en}
A The area enclosed between the curves y=ax” and x =ay”(a >0) is 1sq.unit.
Then, value of ais
1 1 1
“ GB @> (e)1 @.
3
Sol. “
be (1,2), the area of the figure bounded by the lines x = b and x= 2is 1-3.
Sol. _ Point of intersection:
for both curves (check),
= Roth curves touches each other at x = 2
18. Find the area of the figure bounded by the parabola y = ax? + 12x - 14 and the
straight line y = 9x - 32 if the tangent drawn to the parabola at the point
x= 3 is known to make an angle x tan” Gwith the x-axis.
tan(x-tan"'6) =-6
dy
= Merax+12
72x
Sas-3, Area bounded by inverse of a function
f(x) and g(x) are inverse of each other. Since
inverse functions are mirror-image of each
other about y = x, we can say that,
Area bounded by f(x) and x-axis is same as
area bounded by f(x),
= Point of intersection:
3x? + 12x - 14 = 9x - 32
(3, -5)
= 3x? -3x-18=
=x?-x-6=0 (-2, -50),
3 x=3,-2
Graph
3
Area enclosed = | (-3x’ + 12x- 14) - (9x -32)dx
2
= j(-ae +3x+18)dx
2
, 3
= ox + 4 tax
2 2
81
= 57 (-22)
ie,
2
.€(x) and y-axis.
id the area bounded by the inverse function of y = f(x) = x° +1 between
ordinates x = -7 and x = 2 and x-axis.
Area bounded by f(x), x-axis, x = -7
and x = 2 is same as the area bounded by
£0), y-axis y= -7 andy = 2.
= f(x)=2=14+x?
=x
= f(x)=
xs
Graph
20. Sol.
tren |e “(aoe = x +1) de
Find the area bounded by the curve (x), x-axis and the ordinate at x = -1 and
x? x? 13K
28
3
fQe3y
f(x)=-13x=-2 (check)
f(xJ=4-3x=2 (check)
a. CURVE TRACING
To find the approximate shape of a curve, follow
the given procedure in order
(SYMMETRY:
(a) symmetry about x-axis
If the equation of the curve remain
unchanged by replacing y by -y then the
curve is symmetrical about the x-axis.
e.8., y? = 4ax
(b) Symmetry about y-axis
'f the equation of the curve remain
unchanged by replacing x by -x then the
curve is symmetrical about the y-axis.
e.g.x? = day
(©) Symmetry about both axes
If the equation of the curve remain
unchanged by replacing x by -x and y by
~y then the curve is symmetrical about the
axis of ‘x’ as well as ‘y’
e.g. x+y? =a?
(4) Symmetry about the line y = x
If the equation of curve remains unchanged
on interchanging ‘x’ and ‘y’ then the curve
is symmetrical about the line y = x.
e.g. x! + y= Sxy
() Find the points where the curve crosses the
x-axis and the y~
gy
(1) Find SY and examine, if possible, the intervals
n
where f(x) is increasing or decreasing and also its
stationary points.
(\V)_ Examine y when x > 2 or x > -«
ILLUSTRATION:
a h sketch of th y=
| Draw a rough skete! 1 CUE, Y= ag
bounded region between the curve and x-axis
_ &+ DK +2)
Sol. (= oyo=3)
x2 43x42
and find the area of the Q.2
Sol.
Graph will cut x-axis x
It is discontinuous at
lim f(x) > lim f(x) > 4
lim f(x) 3-0
ra
lim f(x) > -, f(0) = 1 lim f(x) = @;
pal mae
Now we have to find area of the shaded region.
The required area
2
(: +3x+ 2] ex
x? -3x+2
J
Io
1+ 6[2tn| x-21-tn}x- 11]
= [1+ 6[2(1n 3 - in) - (In 2 — In 3)]] = 1+ [tng - Sin2]}
~h(3 1 sq. units
27
Find the area bounded by the curves y =-x?+6x-5, y=-x?+4x-3 and the
straight line y = 3x - 15.
The given curves are
y =x? +6x-5 or (x-3)’ =-(y-4)
oli)
Which is a parabola with vertex at A,
(3, 4) and axis parallel to negative
y-axis. It intersects the x-axis at the
point P(1, 0) and Q(5, 0)
y=-x? +4x-3 or (x-2)) =-{y-1)
(ii)
23. oa
Sol.
which is parabola with vertex at A, (24) and axis parallel to negative y-axis.
It intersects the x-axis at the points P(1, 0) and R(3, 0).
And y = 3x - 15, onli)
Solving, the points of intersection of (i), (i) is (1, 0); (i), (ii) are
(-2. -21) and (5, 0) and are (-3, -24) and (4, -3)
Thus, the required area is the shaded area in the diagram.
A
Jt, ~ yadda
Required area = +
It
fo. ~ Ya)dx|
s
= fle + 6x - 5) — (Cx? + 4x ~ 3) |x| =| (2? + 6x - 5) - Gx - 15)]c
4 c
fax -2. fe + 3x + 10)dx
= 9 + 19/6 = 73/6 sq. units
The area of the region enclosed by the curves y = x log x and y = 2x - 2x7 is
2 . 1 a
(1) sq. units (2) > sq. units
© = sq. units (0) None of these
@ al’ y= xlogx
Curve tracing: y = x log, x /
Clearly, x > 0
For 0 1, x log, x > 0
Also x log,x=0 >x=1
Further, X= 0 31+ log x=0
ox
=> x= te, which is a point of minima
Required area
*
= fix-2x*}0x-- [ xtogxdx
2 2
*
2
22k)
3
lo
af
l
-(-3}[0-d-dtqe toe
3 a2
Floax Sol.
Q.
Sol.
1
Area bounded by y = ——*
ea bounded by y= —
and x-axis is
(A) 2x sq.units (8) : sq. units
(0)
j=
(x=? +1
tf
Area =f mare
=2[tan'(@&- 9] = sq. units
Area bounded by the curve xy’ = a°(a-x) and y-axis is
@ - sq. units
(€) 3ra? eq. units
(8)
xy! = aXa- x)
33
paw
The given curve is symmetrical about x-axis.
and meets it at (a, 0). The line x = 0.
i.e., y-axis is an asymptote.
=x
- = 3
Area = 2| xdy = 2f 2 — gy
z ay ta
= 2a° Aran 2]
ale a
= 2a? —=na? sq. units.
x
2
(©) 2 5q. units
(B) na? sq. units
(D) None of these
(©) x sq. units
‘Ala.0)
25. Sol.
Sol.
The area between the curve y = 2x‘ ~x’, the x-axis and the ordinates of the
two minima of the curves is
“wo zs ‘sq. units (B) mt units (C) zt units (D) x sq. units
®
The curve is y = 2x* - x? = x#(2x?-1)
The curve is symmetrical about of axis of y.
The curve passes through the origin and the tangent at the origin is y = 0,
xeaxis,
The turning points of the curve are given by
SY «8? ox 03 2x(4x? -1) = 0
dx
> x=0, 4/2
2
Now, 2Y = 24x? -2 18.0)
dx ee
&y 1 x
Obviously, — is + hi ae
viously, 22 is we when x= £3
and ve when x
= minima at x = -1/2 and x= Ye
At x = -1/2, min y = -1/8
The curve intersects the axes at 0(0,0), a(-
‘Thus, the graph of the curve is known in the figure
Here, y < 0, as x varies from x = -1/2 tox =%
d area = 2 Area OCDO
=< sq, units
“720 “
Ive
f (at ~ x2) 34
°
‘The area bounded by the curve ay = x(x + a) and x-axis is
w = £9. units () os units
©) 3 sq. units (0) 2 sq. units
©)
The curve is , which is a cubic polynomial.
26. Sol.
p
since +) 9 hac repeated root x = 0
a
It touches x-axis at (0.0) and intersects at (-a. 0) 7(-a,o) aI *
Required area = foor= fifees x= 2 sq. units
a - l a? 2 iq.
‘The area of the loop of the curve, ay? = x"(a-x)
(A) 4a? 2q, units © Ba ag units
© a units (D) Nono of these
®
ay’ =x(a-) oy
Curve tracing: y
We must have x sa x
For00andforx<0,y<0
Also, y=0>x=0,a hoo
Curve is symmetrical about x-axis Oh
When x >=, yor
Also, it can be verified that y has only one point of maxima for 0. As 2fanr- t?)t(-2at)dt
2
Sa i
4a? ( (0? - t*)dt = 4a”
Jc i a Sol.
Sol.
The area of the region enclosed between the curves x = y? ~1 and
x=lylyi-y? is
(A) tsq. units (8) je. units © za units (0) 2 sq. units
@)
anal[wine 0" - fy
= 2 sq. units
The area bounded by the loop of the curve 4y* = x"(4 - x") is
7 . a ; " . 16
(A) [oa-units (B) 24, units (©) Jequnits (0) > 94, units
areata) = af aye
2
Let 4- x7 = t >-2x dx = dt
‘ 4 wy}
4 t
a= [Jat = [ytar =| —
2 3 fte jtee[]
= As oq. units Sol.
The area enclosed by the curves, xy? = a7(a- x) and (a - x)y’
(A) (x-2)a? sq. units (B) (4-n)a? sq. units
© x8 og. units (D) None of these
“”
The two curves are
xy? = a%(a-x) x= el)
and (a ~ xy! = a®x
aya (2)
a’+y’
Curve (1) is symmetrical about x-axis,
and have y-axis as the asymptote.
Curve (2) is symmetrical about x-axis,
tangent at origin as y-axis and the
asymptote x= a
The two curves intersect at the point
P(a/2, a) and Q(a/2, -a)
Requred 3 area
-a(5 av _|y
aay ary
~aj aw y=) aff; aye jp
a? +y?
r ;
=m acan'(L] -az na|2aZ-a]=a'ee-2
a [4
l J
‘The area bounded by the curves y= xet y= xe and the line x = 1is
) Zequnits (6) 1-2 eq.units (€-) Teq.units (0) 1-1 2g. unite
° ; ° ;
@
Curve tracing: y = xe"
tet Yeo set +xe' =05x=-1
dx
Also, at x
a
29. Q.
Sol.
x changes sign from -ve ta +ve
ix
Hence, x = -1 is a point of minima
When x > 0, y >
Also lim xe* = tim
Ps mee
With similar types of arguments, we can draw the graph of y = xe~
Reauted area = [rede favre =[re"], jee [eet fers]
se-(e-0-| *-1)) 2 sq. units.
The area bounded by the two branches of curve (y-x)=x? and the straight line
xt is
“ ps0 units (8) 2 units (6) eq. units ro) : #9. units
©
(y-x)? = x, where x20
= y-x= de?
> yaxte? (I)
see(2)
= y=
Function (1) is an increasing function.
Function (2) meets x-axis, where x-x"” = 0 of x =
Also, for 0 0 and for x > 1, x2? < 0.
When x > «, y>-0
1 From these information, we can plot the graph as below:
Required area = [eee -- en io
3
52
4
an 4 5
af ‘dx = I 5 oc units
(a) Skatch and find the area bounded by the curve \/jx|+\lyl= Va and
x? + y" = a? (where a> 0).
(b) If curve Ix| + lyl = a divides the area in two parts, then find their ratio in
firet quadrant only.
Sol. Wxt+siyl=va
xsO>ysta
y2O>x=4a
(a) Required area
a] Fox af (Ja - skye
na? af (a Vi)’ ax Sol.
=nai-af . =na?-4|a?+2.-2Ja 2a”?
=ra al[e+* ada ]odx = na ‘| +5 -wa da |
- 3) ? sq. units.
Area ratio =
Xn-2)
Area enclosed between the curves y = ox. inx and y= te
y=exinx
ay
ax
dy _e d’y
dx? x "dx?
¥ yeexinx,
= e(1+Inx)
>0
7 1
> minimum at x= —
e
ay o
ag 0 when x=
ay| ay|
Inx
= atx=e, y=—™ has local maxima
ex
Required area = es ~exinn
te
32. (, Area enclosed by the curve (y-sin-x)?= x =x?
Sol. -sin-x} x
y=sin™xt-¥x-x? = domain x €[0, 1]
Area enclosed by the curve
1
a k-? Jax = af Yx-¥ax
xs2 .
432
*
to Sax exe 8 23
and 32a-x 3324x-x?ox- axe aed
33. =2-atn2- 5 + an( 8) (12-5 -aina)-f
2-31n2-3+3in3+4-3-31n34+31n2
From above diagram, it is clear that
asymptote is x = 2a
8y symmetry, we can say that
ay 3
Area enclosed it Jon
2
En
a A=2) x) -* dx
3
Let x =2asin?0
= dx = 2a(2sin0cos6)d6
A= of 2a sin? @(tan@)2a(2 sin@cose)4a
°
34, DETERMINATION OF PARAMETERS:
Sol.
Sol.
Find the value of c for which the area of the figure hounded by the curves
4
y =1 andy =c is equatto 2.
So required area = J (
we
If the area bounded by x’ + 2x = 3 and the line y = kx + 1is the least, find k and
also the least area,
x, and x, are the roots of the equation.
x? + 2x-3=kx +1, oF
x +(2-k)x-4=0
= 62-9)
= fk-2) 775 2-27 “|
35, [« -24 wy
-——
which is least when k = 2 and A,,,., = 32/3 sq. units.
VARIABLE AREA GREATEST AND LEAST VALUE:
An important concept:
If y = f(%) is a monotonic function in (a, b)
then the area bounded by the ordinates at x
= a,x=b,y= f(x) and y= f(c), [where c €(a, b)]
atb
is minimum when ¢ =
Proof:
r ®
A= fle) - a)dx + f(F00- He)
2 of
= fee - a) - f foxdax + | (Fod)dx - flen(b - ©)
A=[2c-(a+b)]f(c)+ Jertnax - fercore
Differentiating w.rt c,
dA 7
ao [ze -(a+ b)jF (c) + 2f(e) + 0 - fc) - (F(c))
for maxima and minima 38 = 0
= (©) [2c-(a+b)]=0
a+b
hence cg ites (ec) #0)
a+b da a+b da
Also c< <>, <0 and ¢> >.> 0
+b
2
Hence A is minimum when c= Sol.
Sol.
If the area bounded by f(x)=——~-x’ +a and the straight lines x = 0; x = 2 and
the x-axis is minimum then find the value of ‘a’,
a
f(x) = = -W4a
#(x) = x? - 2x = x(x 2) < 0 (note that f(x) is monotonic in (0, 2))
Hence for the minimum and f(x) must cross the x-axis at °*2=1
1
Hence f(1)=+-14a=0
2
aan?
3
The value of the parameter a for which the area of the figure bounded
by the abscissa axis, the graph of the function y = x° + 3x? + x + a and the
straight lines, which are parallel to the axis of ordinates and cut the ab-
scissa axis at the point of extremum of the function, is the least is
@2 (B)o (c)-1 ()1
Hence, f(x) cuts the x-axis at 2]{-1+¥8 || 4-28
2 3 3
1+3-14a=0
f(-) =
a
AVERAGE VALUE OF A FUNCTION :
Average value of the function in
= f(%) wert x
over an interval a
