Precalculus

SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL

Hyperbolas: Module

9
vertex at (h,k)
Quarter 1
Precalculus
Quarter 1 – Module 9: Hyperbolas: vertex at (h,k)
First Edition, 2020

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Precalculus HIGH

SENIOR

Module

9
Quarter 1

Hyperbolas:
vertex at (h,k)

SCHOOL
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the (Pre Calculus (Senior High School) Module on Hyperbolas: Vertex at
(h,k) !

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
 Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the (Pre Calculus) Module on Hyperbolas: Vertex at (h,k) !

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge

and skills that you will learn after completing the
module.
 Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and skills that
you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application of the

lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the entire
module.

EXPECTATIONS

LESSON: HYPERBOLAS: vertex at (h,k)

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. graph a hyperbola given an equation in vertex form with vertex at

(h,k).
 PRETEST

A. Direction: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Use
the given equation of hyperbola in answering the following questions.

(x4)2 (y3)2
 1
5 4

1. What are the coordinates of its center?

a. (-4,-3) c. (-4,3)
b. (4,3) d. (4,-3)

2. Which of the following are the coordinates of its foci?

a. (−7,3) and (1,3) c. (−7, −3) and (−1, −3)
b. (−7,3) and (−1,3) d. (−7, −3) and (1, −3)

3. What is the length of the foci?

a. 6 c. 8
b. 7 d. 9

4. What are the coordinates of the vertices?

a. , 3) and , 3) c. and
b. , 3) and , 3) d. and

5. The center of the given equation lie in which of the following

quadrant?
a. QI c. QIII
b. QII d. QIV
B. Direction: Match the standard equation of hyperbola in column A with
the correct graph in column B. Write your answer in the space provided.

a.

b.

c.

d.
 RECAP

In your previous lesson, we discussed the standard equation of hyperbola

at vertex (0,0) and its graph. The comparison between the graph
x2 y2 y2 x2 of 2  2 1 and 2  2 1 is shown
below. a b a b

2 2 2 2
x y  y x 
2 2 1 2 2 1
a b a b

In the given graph, In the given graph,

 the Center: (0,0)  the Center: (0,0)

 the Vertices: V (a,0) and  the Vertices: V ( 0 ,a ) and
1
1
V2 (a,0) V2 ( 0 , a )
 the Foci: F (c,0) and F (c,0)  the Foci: F ( 0 ,c ) and F ( 0 , c )
1 2

 the coordinate of the 1

the coordinate of the
2


conjugate axis: (0,b) and conjugate axis: ( b ,0) and
(0, b) ( b ,0 )
b
 the Asymptotes: y  x and  the Asymptotes: y 
a
a x and
b
b
y x a
y x
a b
 Now let us answer the given exercises,Using the given equations of
hyperbola.Write the letter that will satisfy the given conditions.

y2 x2 x2 y2
a.   1 b.   1
20 16 36 64

1. Which of the given equations has vertical

transverse axis?

2. Which of the given equations with vertices of (-

6,0) and (6,0)?

3. Which of the given equations with foci of (0,-6) and (0,6)?

4. Which of the given equations with asymptote of yx?

5.Which of the given equations with vertices (-10,0) and (10,0)

LESSON

This time let us consider a hyperbola with vertex (h,k) with transverse
axis parallel or horizontally and vertically coinciding with center coordinate
axes but not in the origin.

Thus, the standard equation of hyperbola with vertex at (h,k) can be

written in any of the following two(2) cases.

If the transverse axis is horizontally coinciding with the x-axis whose

vertex is not on the origin or parallel to the x-axis, then the standard
equation is

x2h2 

y2k2 1 a
b
 While if the transverse axis is vertically coinciding with the y-axis
whose vertex is not on the origin or parallel to the y-axis, the standard
equation is

y2k2 x2h2
1 a b

Note the following observations:

 if ( xh )2 comes first before ( yk )2 or when( xh )2 is positive ,then the
transverse axis is horizontal and the opening of the curve is right side
and left side. Also,

 if h0and k0 or k0, then the transverse axis is parallel to

the x-axis.

 If h0or h0 and k0, then the transverse axis coincides

with the x -axis.

 If ( yk )2comes first before ( xh )2 or when( yk )2 is positive, then the
transverse axis is vertical and the opening of the curve is upward and
downward.

 h0and k0 or k0, then the transverse axis coincides with

the y-axis.

 If h0or h0 and k0, then the transverse axis is parallel to

the y-axis.

Standard Equation of Hyperbola with Vertex at (h,k)

Horizontal Transverse Axis parallel to x-axis

In the given graph,

 the center: ( h k, )

 the vertices:V1(ha k, )andV2(ha k, )

 the Foci:F1(hc k, )andF2(hc k, )  the

coordinate of the conjugate axis:

(h k, b ) and (h k, b )
b
 Asymptotes: y (xh)k and a
b
y (xh)k a

Vertital Transverse Axis parallel to y-axis

In the given graph,

 the Center: ( h k, )

 the Vertices:V1(h k, a)and V2(h k, a)

 the Foci:F1(h k, c)and F2(h k, c)
 the Coordinates of the conjugate
axis:(hb k, ) and (hb k, ) 
a
Asymptotes: y (xh)k and b

a
y (xh)k b

Illustrative Examples:

I. Graph the given equation x22  y32 1

16 9
Steps:
1. Identify if the transverse axis is horizontal or vertical: horizontal
2. Identify the value of a,b and c


b
aa2 416 b 239 cc2a162 b92

c 25

c5

3. Determine the following

 Center:( h k, ) : (2,-3)
 Vertices:V1(ha k, ) and V2(ha k, ) : (-2,-3) and (6,-3)
 Foci: F1(hc k, )andF2(hc k, ) : (-3,-3) and (7,-3)
 Coordinate of the conjugate axis: : (2,-6) and (2,0)
(h k, b ) and (h k, b )

b  3
 Asymptotes: y (xh)k :y (x2)3 a
4

b  3
and y (xh)k and y (x2)3 a 4

4. Steps in Graphing:

a. Plot the center, vertices , foci and endpoints of cojugate axis given
in step 3 in the Cartesian Coordinate System
b. Connect the vertices and coordinates of conjugate axis to form an
auxiliary rectangle
c. Draw the asymptotes. Theses are diagonals connecting two non
adjacent points of the auxiliary rectangle.
d. Sketch the curves passing through the vertices. Note that t he
graph approaches the diagonal lines (asymptotes) but never
actually touches them.
II. Graph the given equation y52  x12 1
36 64

Steps :
1. Identify if the transverse axis is horizontal or vertical: vertical
2. Identify the value of a,band c 2 36 b2  64 c2 a2 b2

a
a6 b8 c 3664 c 100

c10

3. Determine the following:

 Center: ( h k, ) : (1,5)

 Vertices:V1(h k, a)and V2(h k, a) : (1,-1) and (1,11)

 Foci: F1(h k, c)and F2(h k, c) : (1,-5) and (1,15)
 Coordinate of the conjugate axis: : (-7,5) and 9,5)
(hb k, ) and (hb k, )
a 3
 Asymptotes: y (xh)k : y (x1)5 b
4
 a
and y (xh)k and y
(x1)5 b

4. Steps in Graphing:

a. Plot the center, vertices, foci and endpoints of conjugate axis given
in step 3 in the Cartesian Coordinate System
b. Connect the vertices and coordinates of conjugate axis to form an
auxiliary rectangle
c. Draw the asymptotes. These are diagonals connecting two non -
adjacent points of the auxiliary rectangle.
d. Sketch the curves passing through the vertices. Note that t he
graph approaches the diagonal lines (asymptotes) but never
actually touches them.


III. Graph the given equation
x2
 2 y2
1
4 9
Steps :
1. Identify if the transverse axis is horizontal or vertical: horizontal
2. Identify the value of a,b and c

a4
b2 9 a2 2 b3 cc2a429b2

 13
c

3. Determine the following

 Center: ( h k, ) : (2,0)
 Vertices:V1(ha k, )andV2(ha k, ) : (0,0) and (4,0)
 Foci: F1(hc k, )andF2(hc k, ) : (2 13 ,0)
and (2 13 ,0)
 Coordinate of conjugate axis : (2,-3) and (2,3)
(h k, b ) and (h k, b )

b  3
 Asymptotes: y (xh)k :y (x2) a 2

 b  3
and y (xh)k and y (x2) a
2

4. Steps in Graphing:

a. Plot the center, vertices, foci and endpoints of cojugate axis given
in step 3 in the Cartesian Coordinate System
b. Connect the vertices and coordinates of conjugate axis to form an
auxiliary rectangle
c. Draw the asymptotes. These are diagonals connecting two non
adjacent points of the auxiliary rectangle.
d. Sketch the curves passing through the vertices. Note that t he
graph approaches the diagonal lines (asymptotes) but never
actually touches them.
 ACTIVITIES
A.
Complete the table.
Equation vertices foci asymptotes transverse
axis

1. (x2)  (y1) 1
2 2

81 9

2. y52  x42 1
16 25
3. (x2)2  y2 1
144 25

4. y2  x32 1
64 16

B. Using the vertices, foci and asymptotes of activity A, sketch its graph.
1. 3.

2. 4.
 WRAP-UP

Horizontal Transverse Axis: Vertical Transverse Axis:

Parallel to x-axis Parallel to y-axis

(xh)2 yk21 (yk)2xh21 

22 22a b a b
especially our family. Photographs play an important role in capturing the
best moment , feelings, people , places and events we experience with
them . Also, photographs connect us to our past and bring back the best
memories we had with our love ones.
As a student, what is the best photograph you had with your family?
Look for it, paste it on a sheet of paper and write a catchy title for the short
story that you will write below it.

POSTTEST

A. Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct

answer.

Which of the given standard equations of hyperbolas has the following

properties?
a. (x4)2  (y3)2 1 b. (y1)2  (x3)2 1
5 4 64 36
c. x2  (y2)2 1
9 16

1. center is (-4,3)

2. transverse axis is parallel to y-axis

3. has foci whose length is 10 units

4. has vertical transverse axis

5. with vertices (11,1) and (-5,`1)

6. with foci (0,-3) and (0,7)

7. center lying at quadrant II

8. with vertices (-4- 5 ,3) and (-4+ 5 ,3)?

9. with value of b equal to 4 units?

10. the center lies at the y-axis

 References
“How to Graph a Hyperbola.” dummies. Accessed June 29, 2020.
https://www.dummies.com/education/math/calculus/how-tograph-a-
hyperbola/.

Leithold, L. College Algebra and Trigonometry. Addison Wesley Longman

Inc., 1989. reprinted by Pearson Education Asia Pte. Ltd., 2002.

Lial, M.L., J Hornsby, and D.I Schneider. College Algebra and

Trigonometry and Precalculus. Addison-Wesley Educational
Publisher, Inc., 2001.

“OLD TYME PHOTO CLOCK - Parts Antique Graflex 4x5 Speed Graphic
Camera from the 1940's.: Vintage Cameras, Speed Graphic
Camera, Antique Cameras.” Pinterest. Accessed June 29, 2020.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/18155204726609905/.