McMaster University Math2Z03 Fall 2018 Page 1 of 14

MATH 2Z03: McMaster University Final Examination

Instructors: Dmitry Pelinovsky, William Rushworth
December 2018 Day Class Version 1
Duration of Examination: 2 hours and 30 minutes

LAST NAME:

FIRST NAME:

ID # :

Instructions:
• This examination paper includes 14 pages and 18 questions. You are responsible for en-
suring that your copy of the paper is complete. Bring any discrepancy to the attention
of your invigilator.
• The questions are on pages 2 through 12. Page 13 can be used for scratch work. Page
14 contains a formula sheet. Use only exam paper to report your solutions. Do
not submit extra yellow sheets with your exam paper.
• In case of multiple-choice questions, select the one correct answer to each question. All
answers must be completed in permanent ink. Point values are indicated.
• Any calculator is allowed on the final exam.
• Provide all details and fully justify your answer in order to receive credit.

Problem Points Score Problem Points Score

1 2 10 5

2 2 11 3

3 2 12 3

4 2 13 5

5 3 14 3

6 3 15 3

7 5 16 5

8 3 17 3

9 3 18 3

Total 58
 McMaster University Math2Z03 Fall 2018 Page 2 of 14

1. (2 marks) Given the autonomous ODE

y 0 = (y − 1)ey sin(πy)

which one of the following statements is true?

(a) y = 0 is an unstable equilibrium solution.

(b) y = 1 is a stable equilibrium solution.
(c) y = 1 is a semi-stable equilibrium solution.
(d) y = 2 is a stable equilibrium solution.

2. (2 marks) Consider the following ODE

y 0 + tan(πx)y = x2 e−x

Circle the initial condition for which the associated initial value problem does not have
a solution.

(a) y(0) = 5
(b) y(1) = −1
(c) y(0.25) = −5
(d) y(0.5) = 1
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3. (2 marks) Suppose that a differential equation ay 00 + by 0 + cy = 3xex sin x + 2x has a

general complementary solution in the form yc (x) = c1 ex cos x + c2 ex sin x. Using the
method of undetermined coefficients, what form does the particular solution have?

(a) yp (x) = Ax + B + Cx2 ex cos x + Dx2 ex sin x + Exex cos x + F xex sin x
(b) yp (x) = Ax + B + Cxex cos x + Dxex sin x
(c) yp (x) = Ax2 + Bx + C + Dx3 ex cos x + Ex3 ex sin x + F x2 ex cos x + Gx2 ex sin x
(d) yp (x) = Ax2 + Bx + C + Dxex cos x + Exex sin x

(You do not need to determine the coefficients.)

4. (2 marks) Consider the wave equation with free ends

 2 2
 ∂ u = ∂ u,

0 < x < π,
∂t2 ∂x2
 ∂u (0, t) = ∂u (π, t) = 0.

∂x ∂x
Which of the following is a particular solution of this boundary value problem?

(a) u(x, t) = e−4t sin(2x)

(b) u(x, t) = e−4t cos(2x)
(c) u(x, t) = cos(2t) sin(2x)
(d) u(x, t) = sin(2t) cos(2x)
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5. (3 marks) Find the general solution to

x2 y 00 + 13xy 0 + 27y = 0.

6. (3 marks) Find a general solution of the ODE

xy 0 + 2y = 12,

by using the method of integrating factor.

 McMaster University Math2Z03 Fall 2018 Page 5 of 14

7. (5 marks) A spring with mass m = 1 and elastic constant k = 16 is subject to a periodic

forcing f (t) = 24 sin(2t). There is no friction. If at t = 0, the mass has displacement
x(0) = 1 and zero velocity, what is the displacement x(t) for t > 0?
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8. (3 marks) Use properties of the Laplace transform to evaluate

 
−1 18
L .
s(s2 + 9)

Do not use partial fractions. Write the solution as an explicit function of t.

9. (3 marks) Solve the initial-value problem given by

2y 00 (t) + 7y 0 (t) + 3y(t) = δ(t)

subject to y(0) = 1 and y 0 (0) = − 72 .

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10. (5 marks) Find the unique solution of the ODE

xy 0 = 1 + y 2

that passes through the point (x, y) = (1, 0) and indicate the interval of x-values for
which the solution exists.
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11. (3 marks) Consider the nonhomogeneous differential equations with particular solutions

ay 00 (x) + by 0 (x) + cy(x) = g1 (x) ay 00 (x) + by 0 (x) + cy(x) = g2 (x)

9
yp1 (x) = 2x2 + 3x yp2 (x) = x + 5
2
Find a nonhomogeneous differential equation which has the particular solution

yp (x) = (2x + 2)(x + 5).

12. (3 marks) Consider a loaded beam of length 2, with deflection profile

y(x) = c0 + c1 x + c2 x2 + c3 x3 + c4 x4

for c0 , c1 , c2 , c3 , c4 constants. The beam is hinged at the points x = 0 and x = 2. A

rope is tightened at the point x = 1 so that the deflection of the beam at this point is
5. Find the exact deflection profile of the beam by determining the constants.
 McMaster University Math2Z03 Fall 2018 Page 9 of 14

13. (5 marks) Consider the nonhomogeneous differential equation

x2 y 00 (x) + axy 0 (x) + by(x) = 6x4

with a, b constants. Assume that the homogeneous equation has the complementary
solution yc = c1 x3 + c2 x−3 . Use the method of variation of parameters to find a
particular solution to this equation.
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14. (3 marks) The radioactive material of density A(t) in a nuclear reactor may be modelled
by the differential equation
dA
= A(2 − A) + 8.
dt
Find the critical points of the equation. If A(0) = 0, will the reactor go into meltdown
i.e. does A(t) → ∞ as t → ∞?

15. (3 marks) The number of passengers P (t), in the Toronto subway system fluctuates
throughout the day, and may be modelled by the differential equation
 
dP πt
= cos P,
dt 12

where t is measured in hours. If there are P (0) = 1000 passengers in the system at
midnight, solve this differential equation for P (t), and find the maximum number of
passengers which use the system during the day.
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16. (5 marks) Use Laplace transform to find the convolution f (t) ∗ g(t) for the following
two functions:
f (t) = 18t, g(t) = cosh(3t).
Do not compute convolution integral directly. Use partial fractions.
 McMaster University Math2Z03 Fall 2018 Page 12 of 14

17. (3 marks) Solve the following differential equation by using the method of undetermined
coefficients
y 000 (x) − y 00 (x) + 4y 0 (x) − 4y(x) = 10ex

18. (3 marks) Consider the partial differential equation

∂u ∂ 2u ∂u
= 2
+α ,
∂t ∂x ∂x
where α is constant. Use a solution of the form u(x, t) = F (x)G(t) to find two ordinary
differential equations, one involving F (x) and the other one involving G(t). Do not
solve the differential equations.
McMaster University Math2Z03 Fall 2018 Page 13 of 14

Blank page for scratch work

 McMaster University Math2Z03 Fall 2018 Page 14 of 14

Table of Laplace transforms for elementary functions

Z +∞
F (s) = L(f )(s) = e−st f (t)dt
0

f (t) F (s)
1
1
s
1
t
s2
n!
tn
sn+1
1
eat
s−a
k
sin(kt)
k 2 + s2
s
cos(kt)
k + s2
2

k
sinh(kt)
s − k2
2

s
cosh(kt)
s2 − k 2
f 0 (t) sF (s) − f (0)

f 00 (t) s2 F (s) − f 0 (0) − sf (0)

eat f (t) F (s − a)

U(t − a)f (t − a) e−as F (s)

tf (t) −F 0 (s)
Rt F (s)
0
f (τ )dτ
s
f (t) ∗ g(t) F (s)G(s)

Useful trigonometric identities:

sin(2x) = 2 sin(x) cos(x),
cos(2x) = cos2 (x) − sin2 (x),
sin(x + y) = sin(x) cos(y) + cos(x) sin(y),
cos(x + y) = cos(x) cos(y) − sin(x) sin(y).

END OF EXAM PAPER