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Experiment No-15

The document describes three examples of symbiotic relationships: 1) Rhizobium bacteria form a mutualistic relationship with leguminous plants like peas by living in the plant's root nodules and fixing nitrogen from the air into a form the plant can use. In return, the bacteria receive nutrients and shelter from the plant. 2) Cuscuta is a parasitic plant that forms haustoria to attach to host plants and withdraw water and nutrients without providing benefits to the host. 3) Lichens represent a mutualism where algae provide food for fungi through photosynthesis while the fungi provides shelter and absorbs water and minerals for the algae.

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2K views6 pages

Experiment No-15

The document describes three examples of symbiotic relationships: 1) Rhizobium bacteria form a mutualistic relationship with leguminous plants like peas by living in the plant's root nodules and fixing nitrogen from the air into a form the plant can use. In return, the bacteria receive nutrients and shelter from the plant. 2) Cuscuta is a parasitic plant that forms haustoria to attach to host plants and withdraw water and nutrients without providing benefits to the host. 3) Lichens represent a mutualism where algae provide food for fungi through photosynthesis while the fungi provides shelter and absorbs water and minerals for the algae.

Uploaded by

hdgsefsea
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT NO-15

Aim : To study symbiotic association in root nodules of leguminous plant,cuscuta on


host and Lichens through model / specimen/ chart

Requirements:-

Model / specimen / chart showing symbiotic association in root nodules of leguminous


plant (pea plant), cuscuta on host and a lichen.

Theory

In nature animals, plants and microbes do not and cannot live in isolation but interact in
various ways.

1. When two different species interact with each other (Interspecific interaction) and
are in close association. With each other in such a way that at least one species is
benefited while for other species the relationship may be positive, negative or
neutral such association is called symbiotic relationship

2. There are three basic types of symbiotic


relationship Mutualism (both are benefited)
Commensalism (one species is benefited while other is neither benefited nor
harmed) Parasitism (one species is benefited and other is harmed)

Observations

1. Rhizobium in root nodules of leguminous plant ( pea plant)


i. Rhizobium bacteria are present in root nodules of leguminous plant and form a
symbiotic relationship,mutualism, where both are benefited from each
other.Nitrogen fixing bacteria Ike Rhizobium fixes atmospheric nitrogen into
nitrogenous compounds
ii. Rhizobium can convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia that can be used by pea plant
for growth and development

iii. Bacteria receive nutrients and suitable place to grow from plant.

2. Cuscuta with Host


i. Cuscuta commonly called dodder or amerbel and live as stem ectoparasite on other
plants
ii. Cuscuta has no fully expanded form of leaves (scale like leaves are present) and has
no chlorophyll
iii. Stem of cuscuta is thin and slender shaped And It winds around the stem of host

plant.Stem of cuscuta fixes itself to the stem of host plant with special structures

called

iv. Haustoria forms direct connection to the vascular bundles of the host and
withdraw water,carbohydrates and other solutes.

v. Roots of cuscuta are temporary and die as soon as it makes connection with host
plant

vi. Cuscuta can weaken or kill plant and reduce crop yield
3. Lichens

i) Lichens are composite organisms representing a symbiotic association (mutualism)


between fungus and algae
ii) The algal component is known as phycobiont and fungal component is known as
mycobiont.

iii) .Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb
mineral,nutrients and water for its partner.

iv) They grow on lands,rocks,tree trunks and walls of houses,like dry vegetation.

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