Mohile and ixeless Comumicaticu (EC- 110)

IP Souvce
EntaleK
B
PCM

Analeg Sampling
fs 2 2fm
’\Entoding M
PSD_most
3.4 KHS
Select fna
Make

data

Samþligy
OMA : Othogual nutiþls. a
4 ute a liit.
NOMA- mn mthagenal
OFDMA Wsed in uG & 56

In teleþhone
Dada Rate

Shanon's (hannel
tasacdy hioTeNn

Maritm daa Totl that tan be acloied tor

 M:2

Binay:- Powes eicikt bud anet banduwidth eficiet

decaien naaking iu eay at
Mong
t e vastht
Chonnel
tnoctt Eneodey Moduatoxch
ureless
Make Aystem Kellable me varnt
by erso (trel
data tmsheiÇ
(owelutiona!

Pexfemaance þascuneter cf digital txn aysten

SNK
Fo u'yed dhannel SNR ' (oMsant
Fox useles

LBC CLnegx Block eade )/(nK)

oedndancy
bett
toce es LBC (7, y
tode sate.

MONe the edundant buta more enot

cajakzilig
Adaptie Nodulatian &kcoding
hannel
SNR Estinatimn Tectmique - ued bi gs
LSMMSE to calcuat,
8PSK
MSK- Mininuum Bit kay'ng it
GMSK - Gaussian aviart of FSk
SAM -
’Gannel Coing
PCMDPeM Detta
ADM
Drifeteretia adate pM
Fading '- Raþid
toFluctuetis
Foding due in the level ot aihnal
dopplex shii 4at and &las
Faaing due to ine

GSM
Ssystena
TDMA
and tandards
IS-95. CDMA
2000 UMTS
lalMAX
VoLTE OFDM
 LPE

Samlig
a)Tdeal aaning b) Natunal aonpling ) Flat top 2Amig
Quantryation
Bitate.
Bandusath depends oAmdye enociy used
Requints les. leuel c Vtage than PM
Redutes aedundan n haninitted ignal

BER (SNR) SIR - igle to intert xenne Tatio

Tetniquens
2)2 Sectosig Cdiseaticnal atune -}beam)
’to deerease intean<eíenue. sIR LL

Power (Destruetie Intevfevente

Embenical 9odal
matthenaatical yaodel
 Mac

DIY
Uledn mobe cmanuniatian
BPSK MSK &AM
GMSK
J
ESK Gausian muunALWL

PM, DPCM, DM ADM

Deta adaptic
Cthannel Cading
Nhy DeM
DRCM, DM- Auig
Aduantage
DM OOH PM
D Me
DPCM:

Fading- Rapid fluetuatian in

Doþple aitt- Freq modulatien fast fading and sle)
time

COMA
OFDM
pxead spectruna techniqus.
GSM
’th
’ TDM onthagonal FDM.

LTE e hog tema evautian

VoLTE - OF DM
 Tuestay 9-10 conubi'nel GS5
fE12
Fiday 4-5 s

os]o9]23
Upto 44- aqturg mmoe data
Conectg MoYt devieesto imtemes (IoT)
coMA abttad stum
Exta'- OF DA (46) NOMA (Nem
oxthogan
nthcganalty uti uþþer Jinut mlhje ace)
Channel Axsiguonend < tatic
Dynamie
Done eenmley - call dacsnt clep
SINR
to ntertenene nne ratio
of odewes that couid be cconoel atea

DAlexence uhen bath T R gKT o5e Atathic| cly nac.

uith tme

Statie
dohdus shi~t unwastua frc moalulatien

time ðalot nitable

matijath pbayotio BER’ flutuates
ter inobity
wied Channel SARBtatic table
 edichive
DIY: rPsK, offset
ofact QPSK MSK
Nen peditive
GMSK
ASK, ESK, BPSK, PSK, AM
4PSK Ly , 6 pech todl'ng
BpSK Data Rate 17 DRM Vauai

aLdo txn

Tiuig ynchneugattn (iutegratos + deeisien

alevice

Fasling Rapd amplitude uctuadin due to dathin

aunel uuttiþath paopagatin þread
t i e dela sfxad

254- GSM Global

19o1 23
lxelega Sheetum Wkage and alo cation
celluaY
* Exusive Rozis - She ctsum
dedicated to seviees & speator
Shored BoAiA ’ same sþectum y ued hy d os 2g condle98
Linutctien.Upewe emitie vange
So thet t dcSrt
to ntes feu
uetth othe
ISM band
Lui LAN & But(Q:44Hy
tosth
e
CR Bale
4 Adaptive sþctal cOgnitive Yadlo)
cOgnitive godid
PU
SU -
Beconclany ieot
unusd paxt of sectn Lwide ahaces
 widsþectum-
e paxto unusd
setenclany
leY -SU
PU
CR
R tott Rlue &
(9:44H
ey band ISM eg
othex uetth eþenatoS sersies& cyerent
ngeimuttionJpeuei
emstoO Speum Fxee to
shectum same Baai~s Shaxed *
y `NIES& dedicated
to Spectsum *ExduSIYE
Rasid
loatinarcellu e9 Take
and teatt ALAge &hatnun Oheless
Q56
Syntiatin Tig
Sou at
A
t7
Rate Data
Veatt
GAM SrsK. 8PSK. ESK, ASK.
GMSK
DIY:
NSK
 hannel
hannel 2

uheneve dt (say) met n uie t teuld be wied by GtheH

usey (su) but t has to yacate channel uhen euet
Comes SU wll ty to naoe to ethes
ehanne
aunualiluty

Total eeetrum ceald be diided nto Gl caannels

to se
Touer
ctoinnel annel not

BS

Baee statin

cala usll be detpeo

 Duadvantages:
0 Limted sevite capnbity (handef)
MIS - noble telecemmunicatlen systen
Poes AeNtee þetemance (39 channels to MTS J 50 mi
din)
3) Eac chanel Can lee ny
one ules at atinNe

lue small þewe statin with

dvide into Smalle Amall þeue emision
egn- eAls
elulon hincihles:
hy hexgonal shahe
talmost cheular bud fos
hoagn ntthematieal purpes.
8S - tr, XS
antonna
N
Ceull b thex vale
3 channel
duster could be gehlatad ,2,3
492e,21,.
unto ushoe negan
 txy antenna One Cell beyand the eion of
ntenna o othe cell

(o-channel - me calor Same channel could bo eUsd

TUAL-baaic ible ol celular comm"

1B9 9 tnes )
eicated 9 times

What to mTeases n one custer ?

Dinide that cel funthe it e ovesbustdlened

lo channe Ree Ratio

Q-Radi s coll Ccmmstart)
D- Dstune betuween ochannel cells
(ol n tlustex tsng same

Cbjective wag to minimie co tannel inteen te

* Technics halleng se oneles (omn
’ ired and iseles comm
Medium
Cable esiteel
eused . me
cellA Cbaled on botter e
(ommuns cation Tanged - whed- ctanuaton
Comm bw mohle
 ysc
MSC lmobilo &usuhing
Towe (8S)
obile nit

Delay nen ttxn! taed ’ tmes nvaant Mobi

tuitelos Comþor
be cloe on
fat auny fm 8s)
BER tsned- signal pewe 1 BEX inproUes
þsoues,
tusTeles - ignal peun 1 desnt guatentae BER
imþrove
Sualig Latsed bette
inteeence e crestalk - static Base
celleiaH -

Attaent channel intentenente

tochannel imstead at asiqine tortivweu chama
IntesteHce

Enesa miumptien:
batey ehrgable
one ay botto Zenser

Enesgt
Noie ond int fonene limited aystem
PSTN- handline Telebhene ceuld alo be accomc Aated
Tiunk- mulhhexing
 Mohile ttiay
Componenda
Antenna
Evd tlies ntofae
Base totin
Boe Attin at cente
handas muny (alls
Siutneusy
(omponents
Veice detsp, Loate Tadio
contva pagig às done ( Breadeastig Aronm B$ to etten
thafic channel
Antenna

MSC- Mobhile Ausitching Centre.

(entval paimt o contsal n celtula System
mtentnce Bs to PsTN
Functions!
Alocathen adib thannel and Veite strenka to Cetlalax stem
tecxdinetlam
e pogng & handa
petormane momitnamÇ, fautt Tecogntin
tall
blecking
Audhing sf woee call to &
&from ethex celutan
uatthig at valce call toe fom psTN
(altection biting data
tentel a sipnaling qunctien
eent ’ lG,26, 34, 44

Celluay Network Organizatian

’
ult pte auw pousex tansnitteses

Anea c'vidce smto cells

each uath om ntennas

Sesved byy base stetion

Custe

chonnelsto cell A, B-
 has
fewit
-’Pmni diectional base Station artenn

# Collua ystem uth

S- Dupdex honnel auaablo
21

K- Goup of channels allocate d tor each cell

N

N- ctet Btze
M-N6 c! tmnes clustet

Capaciy (= MKN E MS
Typtal cluttet size = 4,7 oy 12

no ot cll pet elegte N, con ha

A por qeormety ersgm
uh vues ottto gatefies
Vaues
ii- mon -e imteget
7
|2
 bndoned m0Ne MSC Bosolg Channel
-Blockig
thannels
asgnment
pas channel Velce
ceteuuned
afact pre
oegested
by
MSC uaeqerted u nel chan
aloetd cels each ’
namc Dy Fixeol
Assianment Channel
vsfevene inte 4ven exceed netsheuld t but
npautg max e 1ze lustet
itedenence
dJ
tertftesience gies hdefence btus Tradee
14 M
ededsepcaions N=4,nore MS MKN C
N7
cel Radis af R=
cells channel D-distanee
2blw
nat) -CoreUse channel Cco
Fxequeney
Pottems Reue
(o dhannel adjaeret
physical Diatne

(o- cranne! Irtetfeen ce !

co- chaone! YeULse Yct o

(:l 2

J2

3N
D

maller N lie gmalbvalkte e Q) provder qreates (apatity

Cdue to
 15]09123
Winelese Coummntatien
Brp adlast Radio
VHE
UHE 300- 3000 M
Osoudhectioaal atie
Siguals unçt
above
iteadont te ne<lectiyy faem ienokjheve

Hiy diheetienal beow infamed

possi ble.

’ Direet wue path !- ee frcu denaen (natinat tliigs ik

ebthatle bto
Nen Los path i Reie eied tunu become donuinatr g
L>eathes
to many ohstael
Ritien field
’Obtutit Poth tltyueted by thees, Mowtoeies ete:
Free Spaee ropogatiM:
Llsed to caleulate - free shate path los
Jes Cauld b (aleutoted

Fee shae path lay Pt

PeGt
G isetated adate Powes

Pr (d) = (Prat/snd) Ae
Gefectie pertune ase
Ae= arst enra

(4n)d2

freld distnce
dË 5 lovgest linear dinengien e tenna

de > J fa fietd
 do coS e-| n dstanee
US
d do > d
sepeoxtiorn
Pouoex Nadlateol at distance A
P Cdo) (do la)m
n- pat

Lng distne þath dass Moolel. (LOS & NLOS)

> Prldo)+ ton log (dol d)
do to 1 lk langc Celluan sygtens
suste

Rotug! I

C MKN

NJAst tn 6 (odthanel celes a

pee

o mo co hannel antofenng tel

 US AMPS advante mobtle bhmnr
Ho find N
;6

Ninimum cluster Sre =4

S
CD-)4(D+R +2D4

Fx pooho Bytern oanin nn aould bt inevenanted as

N
Chanp ud 50/ channl houel use > 5e19 chan nel
pet cell pe cell
 19|D 23

Redlece bowest s0 that 't vadiotea n te

A en anea

(o channel
Dhectinel untennatinteseence becomes
ntteod ok ommidir stron

sttoning 3 setSA

8-4Rector 2
IS- 21

N=4 6
co ehonnel
urteteing tells
settoing tmnidkeetim
dhetional

126

umença
Minimum sereived 0n thy
topie
 ’thheLhald
Kandet
Ponin 5mW,rrando tomw
<+fshandof hoddoy requied
Cinitiate thando)
Mngn rhands- imin
wexy as tinne to þettorm tandat- call may dro

handa! tsiu iitiate too eony

OVe bundlen

’ttandott Deesten
Moertovy Fading SNR S/E thanges
Lieleus- muipath( net pepagation
hahd)

’ teep ’ antual thands equired

Relatiue aly hengt

B exceed A handlat
Bonetines TM towards A
pingpong efect -’
uith threshol:
Relative
ThL
shongth
Threshold loo same as Telatiue slg stength C
Iaxge A< The
The
A Small Pin Very smale
Thg L4hande
 Veticle Hovin Fog
Pedetinthando Pracha
’
Tesese tal new (L2igned
tos
neuet channel eontef’
Zonezome harnel Guand ’
Ctannsd ongcng al1ready
Tequest all new laande Aioritizung
OvY oveproviige Ihanda ’
MU
hard bTeak
before
nake
hana'atTntuayem MSC
Th’4
L3 The
ThI
uotth Aergth Relati'ue
handug ehnngla
H
with tergeh aignal Retative ’
 praetictd hnd

bigs
Rnall touen-bagx
tower
cell

pedest iàn