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Soil by Ram Sir

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Aniket Kumar
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773 views209 pages

Soil by Ram Sir

Uploaded by

Aniket Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Section 3: Geotechnical Engineering Soil Mechanics: Origin of soils, soi structure and fabric; Three-phase system and phe relationships, index properties; Unified and Indian standard soil classification syste Permeability - one dimensional flow, Darcy's law: Seepage through soils - two-dimensior flow, flow nets, uplift pressure, piping: Principle of effective stress, capillarity, seepa force and quicksand condition; Compaction in laboratory and field conditions; Or dimensional consolidation, time rate of consolidation; Mohr's circle, stress paths, effect and total shear strengih paramete's, characteristics of clays and sand. Foundation Engineering: Sub-surface investigations - scope, drilling bore holes, samplir plate load test, standard penetration and cone penetration tests; Earth pressure theorie Rankine and Coulomb; Stability of slopes - finite and infinite slopes, method of slices a Bishop's method: Stress distribution in soils - Boussinesq's and Westergaard's theori pressure bulbs; Shallow foundations - Terzaghi’s and Meyerhoff’s bearing capac theories, effect of water table: Combined footing and raft foundation: Contact pressu Settlement analysis in sands and clays; Deep foundations - types of piles, dynamic a static formulae, load capacity of piles in sands and clays, pile load test, negative s friction. loin 1. Sov. Mecvanivs CHAPTER £ a Physiol wtodhening Nendhening ae Ce, yrovity, Running Lseetto, wing | charnuel Lodhi Sel — Disinkaruted fark | Rocks > Pedoganesia iy the Fosmotion of Pamesc of sot. —> Greplogicat we a} formation of soil Uphoowoh ee Deposition oe ae aa => Kort Texzaphi bv the fothey of Seth Hechamin > toumsposkd Sok Rowidual Sok (Rakuim on Sustne Parent Rok) @ Types of Soil Physicol weothonimg ound swung postee|_ se 4) AUuial sou. Running waten Neon she River bom ) Lawsrine Sou uh ¢ still vatn Lakes, Pond e4¢ 2 — Morune sed Sea wodtr Sen shores uy) Ghowied CHI ree aces colluviel Cras) _ | Goawity Mountain, Valley Aboline (amd duuned Wind Deserts jl ea a (asss Wind bloton Ata adding wats Silt Tt becomes salt amd Clarsible t Bi 1 beet pl Fl - pi bad: = — (Biauk ott Saito sod 8) Mon Set Calrinm conboreded Soil gf Manure aigincka! whid, is foamed du to dacampsition af vaminmoal banat and aquaxtc Plants. 9) Tw) sou Loos GE iy trumSported volcom Muh 40)“ Bunipnite sol JL is enduat sou. St TS formas by Volwmiz adhin . 9b Js Aighly Plastic oy md shoux igh Swelling amd Shin loge dur to Rune df | Montmorillonite oy minal. 9b 4 whe urd at | usscomi. im doubling operation ® QiNCe CoTToN sot i GL i Xsidual s6k formed dy basal Contdunimy 0 Nigh pementage of - oy cuinttos mortem sonic. Tt is ian Jn Colour amd good for passin ‘Cotten’. Th Shoros high Soelling nnd chiintace cond lo | Shar Shemgth. 42) LATERITE Sor 1) OL is type af Soil Gewmed due do taubing Cricthing out “ot Silicisus Compoumd cmd _etuumudtation of Feo, osmd Alum ~_ miu oxide). ) » ic generally fund Im hilly seo having humid dirmode C Westeun Ghat, couteun that , ler, eat) 43) uc Sobu 1) 9b Hq mixioe Y Inargani Soil ame black decomposed org amin Motters p14) «Peak soil 1) ob uy hiphby wyanir Sril UM planet endisety cansitl gf sg wnic mates Im Lijfermt stages of dovempssiticn gry coor vanes from “Blaue fo donk boysh wand IX Prsses organic BALE. 2) 9 is highly Compeuitw s0i) Is) Loam SoZt (St iF OQ Mixtre of Sam, silt and Jay) [PHASE DrAG@RAn] Stage Stage ! La a those wine] * StL May Contain Solid, liquid or Air ik the mix own — Sepannde Representation af these Phases iy deine 0% Ponte dio prum Tmpartumé —dalinition )) Waten content: / Moistne contort Cus) a a is > Nebel batty yy 2 Wexie = | Wt of Sands Ns Ms Noe © Ronge cp 9 Wo Nok © Relation im blo Ws amd Wiese Wwe Als adding 4 Bx bolh sidy s ( « ( 4ERolodtion jm bls 9 amd Ls? Note Ramge sf wv? Dew 2tood igre ee, We coe We sus, Bea es Wr Wet Wes Ne Hs <4) Wo Ese Law wii tems of WI" ee aces 2h S52 ak Se : eS es eo’ w we? Atos w+eis Wei Ns wri = Mists s Wo JN Ws Ws Waden Contemt Com Dio be enpressed tn Joums of | totel wt of Sol Mais. Le? =e Stak gf eke yg = NOx ton > HY x00 chil wt y Soil Wy My t at of Solids is Stable quomtity ih Comparision to ofel OL of sulid mans bev Qe dees mot chongu Git change In. Ob gy wader Here, Crgiesring sisnifinm ge ie more Han w 2) void Radio 2) Posnsity (mw) xx e= Velm gy void = W y= NOM ef vols velm of Solids Vs X ae pS Xto0 = Wego! 07 ‘s voir af Sail ans y | Bomge o|_¢ (ero) Romge gn oO en (Vrfa\ Vs Vi Ww \ve) [Mae 14 +e ut ot od damsity 2m , 8 Moss (m= 9m, Kg Density ($)= MS (2 $s 1am , tno B ce nm 3S ut (He mg) kw. wit ob BET ee Poe GSLoNimt —, 5.81 kallms ® Writ Bulk dumsity (3/4,) YM = — pte wt: im Guchd ) Condition crit volm 6) soil Ypy = Wa (5 ) Vives mo, VUVUYVUVUVVVUUVVVUUUVUU VUES SUS. = Nee m™, a) Views Cer ne “gafungle) Unie Ot (Yesrate) S obunatel clomsity (Ses) Vere ot. ot im tim Caluanded) (ond betel vol od soil [i Week] [fae Be) ti ipa e © Dy uit wt (y, ity (Sa Yue ford sb in dy wot 2 Woe totes vol of stil No free ek yo fies Ms. | Vite Viet Nok ® gl Sod Js day tram iH bulk Umit wb vill be cyme 08 oh HS Ay ue vt . 5t mom % seo shun Vie ¥] Nok © 9) =Sol iy Soctunaded Sham id bul amit OF. Lilt be Swme 08 of IE Sectunated tnd wb ob Intorn. @ Submunge unit ot (YL¥os) / ey. unde ot. Whun the soi} Ma is Submenge betowo the Go.b8D (Contand wel gt is being aed syn Soave of bueyamey im Unk cally Upocad dim . Magnitude of Which equal tee uF gf Weder dusplaud by soil solid Hone it rut Im reduu wl ¢ Sel Solids, the wtio of SUbmenge WE g Soil Jd she toteg Vvolm gf soil moss 1S tovm cog submenge wid Ob U [hy = (Ws) ssmerged v (Wan 2 Whos = Wr cVrMs Wise = WY - Veto { ta: ( My (Wea? SEW - WN vis Vs Ve (_submpae Only han ns buypauy Seu Wille $1 = Js -Su (Satuaation rt chin batpanay SSN) not Hak) wilt be in Sedunated Stage Sod im Submenge cont Subminge Noe sel my Sotunoded con! red not fo be submerged AS Well cont, dhe atey fuble Js im in Coupill any tau Soi) Moy belo wos tm Safunoded Con? udhanaos ~ Se mod js dim Seclunoded «= Gnd Only Wb_of Solids (¥3) Yoo at ef Solids] [= 7 voir of Solids Ws Note © > Ws - Ws : Note {. the dh ) te is = rob = lotwlm Awe © Yoo You > Me YOY v 3% 16 -15EN SLY. a { z wa} “Speripie Gaaulty. (Laragonison gy) 9b) pve _| Absolute sp gouity 8) Mow) Bulk/ Appanint Speiste_pawitly A) = Wt of Solids of given vom ‘lt Ginz MeL WE y Sil Givun vol! Lt of SH Lath g ume tt Qf Std Datta o) Sua VIM (VS) Glas: Me = Ss oes ee eee be Ga @- iy t we eo Nok® fos inosgamt Soil [Zed 25|* ee : T Rane Aen 74 fer uygamix Soil [a2] Speayic Gaswity is Repermled ot a4°¢ eM Romge of G Nok@ SOvuL OF SOIL Y= Gr 8d, aie ; = + SOY Oy ae te Oe Ares ® Yet= Gtre% @O Yy- (Lye dite a 1+ 9G © v2 Gye pene ite ro Og te wee Bi we Me ite setae! see © : 1te enunucdion Cund Rule Qh dhe fem of mixing gf Sol amd trums entation of Soil ether equak wh gy solids ; (Hd +49, = Omi Ws + Wh: Wars @) vain gy Solids hs es oe (Wdism = Cee Lom ERS iam = (Wge BoD een 1) Bilotién im blo Se, WG We he Ri Us - Yor We > Wor Vorts et Wo Io No Vs ‘ & Sty, siviie 223Gtele We a VecGeys ‘se Ve e= L-ve oe un wg. “Gea Me Ws Vs GY “ soe ve form © cmd © 2) Polotion im bly “Ye G.¢ SY Yye Mi = bist He ae NAR Vi o. Ns= Ve. G% Ve = Ne 3 y= lhe. ; +e j SLY pe Het Was Ve.G%e ev Yo . Vy Vs +0) 2 vee Ph vot Yk ( O% +e) Yin ey ® Vos. se vs (ite) “ Le Yas (OtSO%s} ---© Sarre 3) _Y set. g) Set then Vy = Ysa L Ye ae ce Ye \te Vos = at ed¥o Ite --- @ Yor - Yo te) - Yo Vee = (+1505 © gy seo thm We Ys =a Sr Ova i= We: Or PB) ¥o= Ya thun \¥a Sale © (te © Batotien bho Ys Yi_oond T. @ Rolotion im bid. Yi, Ya, Yo, oamdh Vat Vw t Vs 2 Ye + Notls Vy = WtVs= VigeMgeNe- SoMa gh VER o Vt Vr Vr Vi ao) vee Yue * He 3 2 We : Vo %~ A. (1-7) = vats ie ‘i (Ln) = Ausf Med a af: Uy, Gye} Ye Gh oma = @) te =) Purl wl & sata Ype Ae Ys) GY True | ---7 ® Leb © — Page no CHAPTER vey 2 (Y Vex) + Us) = Neate Then Gs), fe ae 2.835 4 Meee LRN Han Ree 06] \40.5 {eo EG mer Ree Ob 2: O3tS Are (ke V0.6 Pooh —ekenmime — Sabwraded dumaity ATR o.rce sel WATER 0.206 o-3gm SOLID 5c L2ym Vida 29-belgm=0i2 R Rag = “Lame 027m + ot g isecen hawing vaim .2¢c | DS+OUIT BY fer = (Oe) So = zee | am: 1.849 \ve (el ce ie: a eg fu ole Prob eam, Lage No: Y: (mese)% eetion ® f+e Gur) Gus) (ie [mt+-we\ = Oy, z ea Cre. (ro 9 y Gre = Glee) tyme = Gre -d Y 73 e Can) Ye - G NEG vs Ww = (bre) -4 ae ae : TG 2 oY Cee eG freblem G8) areGuee wd Wage -5.38 +104 Bl) gay oS PRE tig: octe, haginge uel “Tent = SNF Axjyotms Seo Nis 5.409 MS BL ) meat” = Lot = 2.04 Y.ASL= FY 104 o. Cur = V6 MATH Jog = F207 Ang = ain] Lasher | a Ey ot ; G1 Gl ce As.gr to Bo Sz Ha Vpe Moy sd Stuy ise B SAL od: 6 4 2 o Yas eon Vr=Hs {hy Udy c 14.85 * ee as Eas MAS ye Wey Suey, cD wesw dy So ) ive * = bes Ye = We Leoly I Wow yy hes 4 We we 6@ afar e=o-F a 3h Vy=2 oe Vs) gu = Vs)oc Vr\ ine Me) 1+e) 6 \+e/ Be. Nee ee Dalek) Ve zk: Ss cloth amt 4 eas ug 8 @ f os) Be Yys knit 2 ‘| Wise e 215 Enlmt b= Ot (Ws) dam= Wee (Vs) damn = Wee he eaees 4419 ) doom ro/ge ---© Ve) = (@ Klaxlo lx tat bxtovte) tm = Liem? Ye kh eo Me Mie Be = Mew %e tics Vy Seo = Dro xto= Uys hos ® Fe Uygo.= Le fy L+008 Weep, = botxuuoos 4452 Nps br eo Vee Ne SaaS 31am? Vi YL Te TES mah Nom? Du Wane ee lee) aom ee/ ee. No of t¥ps = vaim of Gul = 2g = cae rede Copoutts ‘ = 52 Bhes Dorn tip Be m+0G )y = NX > (2222)! Va= Ge v 8) (te Yo L498) Yee a eye [+e Vela © 220704 iss (Gaenyal : Tre Mudhos O Ne (Use foe Feast Pest) Jotune © atu ss Pane no-© ws. on a Vain af wedty added = Ve t w NI ar mt ip + Ma a= Me 22-5 Fs | ij Vt \te ah s L oe (8) t e200 a Re e Ep i= 32" . he U.6E vVao= 0. bas (- oe Te 40.67 03 | i Mea Bfo6 m3 WW Xs Method@ = Wr-W) = dwlo) vaby 2 MYsZ “Wb of Solids Ns ‘oa Gt Ws= Greve = esx 2.Upieo Ite leo Ya> Gta a We [ee NR Sel, Gy) ost 2 Leo Ss 2c Susy: oka 2 NOES Mas . Ve Nya UE) = geal al Rac t! We ino © (En) got de . Ns dh: : Vane Kat -- © “Ne ae 8 Aas Vy 2 0.005 mms or ee He CONSTSTENCY OF SOTL Consistenuy Means Relote care with Whi he Seu cam be dgyormed » Jt also clamole she dopes @ of isms of sel Ushich may be feumed 05 tee i ond. im diverbly im feum of” deprcsemt um Shongth of Soul thy feumed is used Orly dev Jine grained sol somd it wy Reloded te tocden content, Nok @ Sedament © 9) soil ts Partially Sodanaded C828 a any change in wets Content Gods do ne henge lm vil oJ voids, tote) sir af Soil , Void mete &) Pordity @ Ty soil 15 Supes Secunodes Cs24* then any romge dn watts contend lead to Contapin ding change dm velm Q) voids amg dvicd vol of Soil Note @ oy = VW-Me = Me-Va, 2 Vi-Vd_ = Qrstunt dm Web p Wes Hra-ws (6 lope will Const ant) EE A PEPE * Alicrberg mvallysed Hut ConSidemuy ef Soil ih Four Sener As— a) Liquid b) Y) Solid stege —> The water contmb mt Ohi Soi] passes fron one Stage of Consistmuy 40 amother Stage oJ Consisdeny is ttvmed OS - Cancitny Limit @ Atterbeag linnth @ Liquid Vit (tou) St is dajined 08 Minm Latex Contint pd whid, sol Soil poUes CTéeglisible) Shear Sdeng'h Plastic J Somi- salid hos “dendemy to fan. as PR Wiquid limit of 2.3: Km/ ont E of Sort Liquid limit Nets (ravel Non Plastic — Higher 1S We sound Non- Plastic Highes is the si oe commpressibh ty cay ( AUuaiel) Uo -15s day (Blauc soil) Use - 508 Uve - de. dey (Berstonits) Smee aba emare Site Caceretis th no Meee ¢ 35 4 450 S High Compocesivie Sy s-5s e TERMINATION oF We 4) Cosguande Appanatis 3 One paint Method 3 Coe panetometer mtd ® (Cal oie ey (as= No. 4 Hows) (e- liquid lies) loAini Bolts) lean) Jos (No. g Blows) —> Hors WATve — > Db order AJind (quid (mit ne of blows MG uived by Fhe Soil FP fous @ disteme gt Thth (Appms Jamn) Limeponding te Pastiulon Loeler Lontint i noted —5 Th ttt jm repented dor Swme site gf didount Lots Cmtok Gnd Lnogenchng Ned) Blows. ‘y noleg UL fff efefel- Nole@ He OE of FEE One 2epurented mform 9) a fren Ohi, watr Content Gave tmoun ng Flow cane interpsteloded amd Cortypon ing +o 2S No of bloss wy is Ged at Liquid limit dha slope of Flood Cus is fewned 0% flo. tnder NekO Uhids -yeprevent the wate e} Loss of Shao Shempts coith inuwose in Lackey Content == Slope of Flow Cunwe Bye Bsn a (ax) log Na- leg Plow index. (Ts) = Bi-Br ~ yes ines \ogN ,-Lests © woe © — Higher wittbe vole 9 Poss intlex fer 0 portive- — Jon Sol) Lower Lait be is Shoo Sttngth — Loneponcling jp Soume Loatty Conton’ 2 Gh Nt@ — 9} Rubbey bode iy wylou by Matal bese Ahm flo index Gill thowse Ts) > TH priser? F5) sve sare Luhine® “es-o11=49 © — Blaslic “Linmik” CY oh wy the water cmtint ot vhud sou iy im Plastic y ms} comsistemuy oF behove 0% Plastic molenial Stage ) fm — dtkeutunation foint of view Plastic limi sds dafime 2 UN Watey Content ot hws 3mm dia Htod - Om be Jommed — Withart Lomy Cmuky. © Shuinkspe imi (09s) ) St 1S define a8 BAK Later comfenk beyond huh further reduction ih- the weds —Centemé 3} Soi] does not Jond to dhe Stelios in SKE vol gy. Soil bee Sela He Shvinkage limit s (avy) Seo © Maus of natey dim TE = MaSs of toates i JH tats ‘ ee 2 My oma - Cvy-va) fo e@ watts Grdent ih I (os) = mas Yy wats 6 7 Massy Side CMe Ma) - Cueva) fo 5 vei (vi-vulfe My Ma e yam af oot ih DL = the vse Va-ve ° Mae g ode IT = Oye ws) So ° ety contd In = Man a trades JAP mars SJ Sitidy e to, = Wa-vi) fo My oe fe ke e Sac fic sZ ERE “Ve 1 -S Te eG 4p Shyvinkage Rake = W)- SW dined OF Betis of douasie ie VEIN — §f Si) Cmprencl Ds DB oJ} i dy Viet she Louttr centr. absve qa she aE Relecion Sy Bd A, Fa ot Me R> Shah IGagr Pah® Vesa, ee Ny f] a6Q 4 2G G eee - Perenstage Cormpmdia Kearse th Shvinkege limit Bie br = A wt J oder WV 85 OR usted Said TAs My WO \frae - thod, 5 : AY iy Re ( to vd ) wy 4 PCL,- wy) < a en eter shy Cav CA) ee fe 7 eS Rec Py 2X Ga KS i a de Yoluane 4c firinkane. QT sayin ate duneots in Yolume of sell evprnes 03 dhe 7 oJ its day vain When Ot Umdtmt 1 re duaed “rv ibd given volume rte 4 “Shatner ~ Mee Volucnehic Shainigee = (“s M2) moe Va he Ero tho. Wr Ve te Maye eee oe Ce eo a ae bainltes wp PLo-wiy2 val S\wiplowet As San ah tae al ar Shrinkage thdeo QL ib He Penge J ui denry fy HMA til Shoro s Semig ald Pro pases.

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