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Lec6 DCVs

1) Directional control valves (DCVs) are used to control the direction of flow in hydraulic systems and include check valves, shuttle valves, two-way valves, three-way valves, and four-way valves. 2) Check valves allow flow in one direction while preventing reverse flow. Three-way valves control single-acting cylinders and four-way valves control double-acting cylinders. 3) Four-way valves have four ports connected to a pump, tank, and two actuator ports. They are often two-position or three-position valves to control the direction of a double-acting cylinder or hydraulic motor.

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30 views

Lec6 DCVs

1) Directional control valves (DCVs) are used to control the direction of flow in hydraulic systems and include check valves, shuttle valves, two-way valves, three-way valves, and four-way valves. 2) Check valves allow flow in one direction while preventing reverse flow. Three-way valves control single-acting cylinders and four-way valves control double-acting cylinders. 3) Four-way valves have four ports connected to a pump, tank, and two actuator ports. They are often two-position or three-position valves to control the direction of a double-acting cylinder or hydraulic motor.

Uploaded by

as2899142
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydraulic Valves

Directional Control Valves

by

Prof. Reda I. Afify


Basic Constructional Elements of Hydraulic
Control Valves
Classification of Control valves
Shut-off valves
The primary purpose of shut-off valves is to block fluid flow through a
hydraulic system line
✓ Globe valve
✓ Gate valve
✓ Ball valve
✓ Spool valve
✓ Needle valve
Shut-off valves

needle valve
Directional Control Valves, DCVs
➢ Starting and stopping of actuators
➢ Control of actuator movement direction
Classification of Directional Control Valves
Based on fluid path, DCVs can be classified as:
• Check valves.

• Shuttle valves.

• Two-way valves.

• Three-way valves.

• Four-way valves.
Check Valves or Non-return valves
The primary purpose of check valves is to allow free flow in one
direction while preventing reverse flow.

Check valves
• Direct-operated check valves
• Pilot-operated check valves
Check valves
Direct-operated check valves

inline ball check valve right-angle poppet check valve


Check valve symbol
Pilot-Operated Check Valves with External Drain
Ports
✓ The valves allow the fluid to flow in one direction (A to B) and
are piloted to allow for the reverse flow (from B to A).
✓ The pilot operated check valve used for locking hydraulic cylinders
in position to prevent load from falling.
✓ The pilot check valve located between the cylinder and directional
control valve. (see the next slide)
Pilot-Operated Check Valves with External Drain
Ports

During the extending of cylinder the


check valve prevents the load falling.

During the retraction of cylinder the signal


open the check valve and the load is fall.
Pilot-Operated Check Valves with External Drain
Ports

Pz A piston = PA poppet

and

A piston
=4
A poppet
Shuttle Valve

The valve has two inlets P1 and P2 and one outlet A. Outlet A
receives flow from an inlet that is at a higher pressure.
Shuttle valve application

During Extended
Shuttle valve application

During Extended
Two- ways two-position (2/2) directional control
valve
2/2-Way DCV (Normally Closed)
Position 1: Pump is blocked

Position 2: From the pump (P) to single acting cylinder (A)


2/2-Way DCV (Normally Opened)

Position 1: Ports A and P are connected when force is not applied


(valve unactuated)

Position 2: Ports A and P are not connected when force is


applied (valve actuated)
Application of 2/2 DCV
Two- ways two-position (2/2) directional control
valve as unloading valve

The 2/2 DCV used as unloading valve, open the pump on tank with
zero pressure.
Three-way two-position (3/2) directional control
valve
Valve has three ways for connection to pump (P), tank (T), and one
port of the actuator (A)
Three-way directional control valves provide a means to extend
rams and single-acting cylinders.
The actuator is returned to its original position by an external
force.
➢ System load
➢ Spring built into the actuator
Three-way two-position (3/2) directional control
valve
Three-way-valves (P, A, T) are typically used to control the flow
directions to and from single-acting-cylinders, as shown in the figure.
Position 1: Flow from the pump (P) to single acting cylinder (A) and
the tank port (T) is blocked

Position 2: Flow from the single acting cylinder (A) to the tank (T)
and the pump (P) is blocked
Four-way directional control valves
• Valve has four ways for connection to pump (P), reservoir or tank
(T), and inlet and outlet of the actuator (A and B)

• Four-way valve powers double-acting cylinder during extension


and retraction

• Four-way directional control valves are typically manufactured as


two- or three-position valves
Four-way two-position (4/2) DCV of spool type

Spool position 1: Flow can go from P to A and B to T


Spool position 2: Flow can go from P to B and A to T
Typical four-way valve, two-position
Four-way two-position (4/2) DCV of spool type
Four ways two positions valves (4/2) are typically used to control the
flow directions to and from double-acting-cylinders.

During extending:
Four-way two-position (4/2) DCV of spool type

During retraction:
A four-way DCV is also used to control bi-directional
hydraulic motors.
Four-way three-position (4/3) DCV of spool type
In three-position valves, a center position is added that provides
additional circuit operating characteristics.

Spool position 1: Flow can go from P to A and B to T


Operation of four-way three-position (4/3) DCV of
spool type
Spool position 2: Flow can go from P to B and A to T

Center position: A 4/3 DCV (closed center)


Operation of four-way three-position (4/3) DCV of
spool type

Center position: A 4/3 DCV (open center)


Operation of four-way three-position (4/3) DCV
of spool type
A 4/3 DCV has four ways and three positions. The application of a
DCV in controlling the direction of motion of hydraulic cylinders is
illustrated in the figure. A 4/3 directional control valve is connected to
the pressure line (P), return line (T), and cylinder lines (A and B).
Center position configurations are available.
• Closed
• Open
• Tandem
• Floating
• Regenerative
Symbols for four-way valve center position
Center flow path configurations for 4/3 DCV
Open-center type
➢ The open-center-type connects all ports together.
➢ The pump flow can return directly back to the tank at
atmospheric pressure.
➢ At the same time, the actuator can be moved freely by
applying an external force.
Center flow path configurations for 4/3 DCV
Closed-center type
All ports blocked so the actuator locked and cannot be moved by
applying any external force.
When the pump operated, the pressure increases until reaches
the high-pressure setting of the relief valve (the valve open), so the
pump power wasted in form of heat, which raised the oil
temperature.
Center flow path configurations for 4/3 DCV
Tandem type
The actuator locked put in this case the pump is unloading this
safe the pump power.
Actuation of the spool DCV
A number of activation methods are used to shift the internal
components of directional control valves

General Categories:
➢ Manual operation
• Levers
• Foot pedals
• Push buttons
Actuation of the spool DCV
➢ Mechanical operation
• Rollers
• Cams

➢ Pilot operation
• Hydraulic pilot
• Pneumatic pilot
Actuation of the spool DCV
➢ Electrical operation
• Simple solenoid devices to shift basic valves
• Electronic controllers operate proportional solenoid
valves to produce extreme accuracy and repeatability
Actuation of the spool DCV
Solenoid-Actuated Valve
• When the electric coil (solenoid) is energized, magnetic force is
created
• The magnetic force pulls the armature to coil.
• The armature pushes the pin to move the spool of the valve.
Pilot-Operated Direction Control Valves
• Pilot-operated DCVs are used in a hydraulic system operating at a
high pressure.

• In such systems, operation at a high pressure uses a small DCV that


is actuated by either a solenoid or manually.
The End

Thank You

Prof. Reda I. Afify

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