Professional Life a. Professions, Professional Life and Society 1. THE ARCHITECT'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN RELATION TO THE PEOPLE Relations with the Public ~ The Architect is engaged in a profession which carries with it civic responsibilities towards the public, whether such responsibilities are the natural outcome of good citizenship or of his/her professional pursuit, or whether they partake of informative and educational matters or of his/her normal interest in public welfare; and, accordingly, he or she * ENVIRONMENTAL HERITAGE. = He shall respect and help conserve the systems of values and the natural, historic, and cultural heritage of the community in which he/she creates architecture. = He/she shall strive to improve the environment and the life and habitat within it in a sustainable manner, fully mindful of the effect of his/her work on the widest interests of all those who may reasonably be expected to use the product of his/her work. + PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION. - He shall promote the interest of his/her professional organization and do his/her full part of the work to enhance the objectives and services of the organization, - He/she should share in the interchange of technical information and experience with the other design professions and the construction industry. « LAWS. = asa good citizen shall abide by and observe the laws and regulations of the government and comply with the Code of Ethical Conduct and the Standards of Professional Practice. - He/she shall at all times endeavor to properly observe the laws on the practice of architecture and on the planning and design of buildings and their environs. He/she shall at no time act in a manner detrimental to the best interest of the architectural profession. + PAID ADVERTISEMENT. ~ He shall not use paid advertisement, nor use self-laudatory, exaggerated, or misleading publicity. ~ However, he/she may, in the context of advancing public knowledge of the Architect’s function in society, as well as of architecture itself, opt to write books, be a regular columnist of a publication, or be a contributor to the preparation of any other literature, or actively participate in any forum, seminar, workshop, or similar assemblies through verbal or visual presentations ~ In the process, show his/her own true worth as a professional, in which case he/she may receive remuneration or honorarium for such undertakings.~ shall not solicit, nor permit to solicit, in his/her name, advertisements or other support towards the cost of any publication presenting his/her work, - He/she shall refrain from taking part in paid advertisement endorsing any materials of construction or building equipment. ‘+ CLAIMING of SPECIALIZATION. ‘+ shall not deceive the public as to his/her professional competence, nor claim any professional specialization unless supported by academic qualification, track record or relevant expertise, professional resources available to him/her which will enable him/her to handle the work particularly requiring such specialization and sanction, by his/her peers in the profession + BUSSINESS SIGNAGE. ‘+ may exhibit his/her professional shingle outside his/her office, or display a project billboard indicating relevant information, which may include pictorial reproduction thereof, in a modest manner. 2. THE ARCHITECT'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN RELATION TO HIS/HER CLIENT Relations with the Client ~The Architect's relation to his/her Client is dependent upon good faith. To ensure the continued existence of such state of good relationship, the Architect's position carries with it certain moral obligations to his/her Client and to himself/herself. The Architect shall always endeavor to protect the Client's interests but never at the expense of higher Public interests and public welfare; and, accordingly, he/she + NO FREE SERVICE. ‘+ shall introduce to a prospective Client the professional services he/she is able to perform provided itis limited to the presentation of examples of his/her professional-experience ‘+ does not entail the offering of free preliminary sketches or other services without the benefit of an agreement with the Client for legitimate compensation. + SETTING EXPECTATIONS. ~ shall acquaint or ascertain from the Client, at the very inception of their business relationship, the exact nature and scope of his/her services and properly inform the Client of the corresponding professional fees. + PROJECT FESIBILITY. ~ shall advise a Client against proceeding with any project whose practicability may be questionable due to financial or legal important and/or exigent conditions, even if such advice may mean the loss of a prospective commission to the Architect. + ESTIMATES. = _ shall explain the conditional character of estimates and in no case shall he/she guarantee any estimates or cost of the work in order to secure a commission, unless provided for by law, as in certain government projects.* CLIENT'S NEEDS VS. BUDGET ~ _ shall consider the needs and stipulation of his/her Client and the effects of his/her work upon the life and well-being of the public and the community as a whole ~ shall endeavor to meet the aesthetic and functional requirements of the project commensurate with the Client's budget. + CHARGING FOR SERVICE. = _ shall bill his/her Client for services rendered a professional fee commensurate with the work involved and with his/her professional standing and experience based upon the Basic Minimum Fee prescribed under the. "Standards of Professional Practice.” + DESIGN -BUILD. ~ _ shall undertake the construction of a project even when the plans were prepared bv him/her when it conforms with pertinent sections of the "Standards of Professional Practice”. * PROFESSIONAL FEES ONLY. ~ shall be compensated for his/her services solely through his/her professional fee billed directly to the Client. = He/she shall not ask for any other returns in whatever form from any interested source other than the Client. CONFLICTING INTEREST. ~ _ shall be free in his/her investments and business relations outside of his/her profession from any financial or personal interests which tend to weaker his/her standing as an unprejudiced and honest adviser, free to act in his/her Client's best interests. ~ If the Architect has any other business interest's which would relate to, or affect the interest of the Client, he/she should inform the Client of such a condition or situation. + ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION. = _ shall include in his/her agreement with the Client a clause providing for negotiation, mediation/coneiliation and/or arbitration as alternative methods for the settlement of disputes. «TIMELINESS AND SCHEDULE. ~ _ shall carry out his/her professional work without undue delay and within an agreed reasonable time limit. + UPDATING THE CLIENT. = _ shall keep the Client informed at all times of the progress of the work undertaken on the Client's behalf and of any issue that may affect project quality and cost. 3. THE ARCHITECT'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN RELATION TO THE CONTRACTOR Relations with Contractor. - The Contractor depends upon the Architect to safeguard fairly the Contractor's interest as well as those of the Client; and, accordingly he or she* CLARIFY OF CONTRACT DOCUMENTS. ~ _ shall give the Contractor every reasonable assistance to enable him/her to fully understand the contents of the Contract Documents ~ furnishing clear, definite, and consistent information in all pertinent contract documents to avoid unnecessary mistakes that may involve extra costs to either the Contractor or the Client. * REMEDY FOR ERRORS IN DRAWINGS. = shall not knowingly call upon the Contractor to correct or remedy oversights or errors in the Contract Document to the Contractor's or the Owner's financial disadvantage. + REJECTING/ CONDEMNING WORK. ~ shall, immediately upon his/her personal knowledge and inspection, reject or condemn material, equipment, or workmanship which is not in conformity with the Contract Documents in order not to cause unnecessary delay and additional expense to the Contractor. * REJECTING FAVORS/GIFT ~ shall reject any offer of free professional engineering or allied design service/s, or receive any substantial aid, gifts, commissions, or favors from any Contractor or Sub-contractor which will tend to place him/her under any kind of obligation to return such favors. + PAYMENT DUE TO THE CONTRACTOR. - shall promptly inspect each phase of the work completed and if found according to the terms of the Contract Documents, issue the corresponding Certificates of Payment and the Final Certificate of Completion, respectively, to the Contractor. 4. THE ARCHITECT'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN RELATION TO MANUFACTURERS, DEALERS, AND AGENTS Relations with Manufacturers, Dealers, and Agents. ~ An exchange of technical information between the Architect and those who manufacture, supply, and handle building materials or equipment is necessary and, therefore, encouraged and commended, provided that: he/she + SOLICITATION OF FREE SERVICE. = _ shall not solicit free professional engineering/allied design or other technical services from manufacturers or suppliers of building materials or equipment when these are accompanied by an obligation detrimental to the best interest of the Client, or which may adversely affect the Architect's professional opinion. * COMMISSION, GIFTS AND DISCOUNTS. ~ shall not seek commissions, discounts, fees, gifts, or favors from agents or firms handling building materials or equipment which may place him/her in a reciprocal frame of mind. ~All market discounts shall be credited to the Client.5. THE ARCHITECT'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN RELATION TO COLLEAGUES AND SUBORDINATES Relations with his/her colleagues and subordinates (his/her big and small brothers/sisters). - The Architect has moral responsibilities towards his/her profession, his/her colleagues, and his/her subordinates; and, accordingly, he or she + NO FREE SERVICE. ~ shall not render professional services without a professional service agreement. - He/she shall neither offer nor provide preliminary services on a conditional basis prior to definite agreement with the Client for the commission of the project. + MINIMUM FEES. - shall abide by the Basic Minimum Fee prescribed under the "Standards of Professional Practice". He/she shall not use donation of professional services as a device for obtaining competitive advantage except for worthy civic or religious projects. * COMPETITION ENTRIES. - Neither shall he/she submit solicited or unsolicited sketches or drawings in competition with other Architects unless such competitive arrangements are conducted substantially under the terms of me Architectural Competition Code. + COMPETITIONS. - shall not, in any case, enter as competitor in any Architectural Competition when he/she has direct involvement in the formulation of the Program thereof, or when he/she has been engaged to act as Professional Adviser or Juror for such competition. Neither shall the Architect accept and act as professional adviser or juror in any architectural competition when he/she has had any information or has reviewed or assisted in the preparation of such competition. Nor shall be retained as a professional adviser in a competition, accept employment as an Architect for the competition project, except as Consulting Architect. + POACHING PROJECTS FROM OTHERS. - shall not, under any circumstances or through any means, solicit any project already known to him/her as previously committed to another Architect, whether such a commitment is still in the process of negotiation or has already been definitely agreed upon. + TAKING OVER A PROJECT. ~ shall not undertake a commission for which he/she knows that another Architect has been previously employed unless he/she notifies me other Architect of the fact in writing and has conclusively determined that the original employment has been terminated and duly compensated for.+ RENOVATION/ REHABILITATION. ~ shall not undertake a commission for additions, rehabilitation, or remodeling of any erected structure undertaken previously by another Architect without duly notifying him of the contemplated project even when the Client/Owner is no longer the same. When the greater mass, area, or design of the original structure is substantially maintained, the new Architect should limit his/her advertisement or claim only to the extent of the specific work he/she has done to me structure. = Whenever the nature of work involved examples of our architectural heritage, the Architect must look at all possibilities of restoration, + BATHMOUTHING OTHER ARCHITECTS ~ shall not maliciously, or unfairly criticize, or discredit another Architect or the latter's work. UNFLATTERING ASSOCIATIONS. = _ shall refrain from associating himself/herself with, or allowing the use of his/her name by any enterprise that may negatively affect himself/herself or the architectural profession. + SIGNING AND SEALING PLANS. ~ shall not affix his/her signature and seal to any plans or professional documents prepared by other persons or entities and not done under his/her direct personal supervision. + EMPLOYEES AND SUBORDINATES. - shall provide employees and subordinates with a suitable work environment, compensate them fairly, and facilitate their professional advancement. - He/she shall tutor and mentor the young aspirants towards the ideals, functions, duties, and responsibilities leading to the ethical practice of the architectural profession. + UNSELFISHNESS. ~ shall unselfishly give his/her share in the transfer of technical knowledge and experience to his/her colleagues and young aspirants and do his/her part in fostering unity in the furtherance of the profession. + SUPPORTING THE IAPOA. ~ _ shall unselfishly give his/her time and effort to the advancement of the profession thru his/her active and personal commitment and involvement with the Integrated and Accredited Professional Organization of Architects (IAPOA) and in undertaking specific advocacy work to ultimately benefit the architectural profession. + QUALITY OF WORK. ~ shall ensure that the conduct of his/her professional practice abides by appropriate and effective internal procedures, including monitoring and review processes, as well as sufficient qualified and supervised staff to enable the firm to function efficiently.+ INTELECTUAL PROPERTY. = _ shall neither appropriate the intellectual property of, nor unduly take advantage of the ideas of another architect without express authority from the originating architect. * REPUTATION. ~ shall build his/her professional reputation on the merits of his/her own service and performance and shall strive to continuously update his/her professional know-how. He/she shall recognize and give credit to others for professional work performed. ‘+ QUOTING FEES. ~ shall not, when offering services as an independent consultant, quote a fee without first receiving an official invitation for him/her to do so. - The Architect must have sufficient information on the nature and scope of the project to enable him/her to prepare a fee proposal clearly indicating the services covered by the fee in order to protect the Client and the public from under-resourcing or under-pricing by some unscrupulous parties. + SERVICE AGREEMENT. ~ _ shall not undertake professional work unless the parties shall have clearly agreed in writing to the terms of the architectural commission, to wit: scope of work, delineation of responsibilities, any limitation of responsibilities, fee or method of calculating it, mode of alternative dispute resolution, and any provision for termination. OuawNe + RAISING THE STANDARDS. = _ shall continue to raise the standards of aesthetic excellence, functional logic, architectural education, research, training, and practice. + PROMOTION OF ALLIED ARTS. ~ shall, as appropriate, promote the allied arts and contribute to the knowledge and capability of the construction industry. + REPORTING VIOLATIONS. - if he/she possesses substantial information which leads to n reasonable belief that another Architect has committed a violation of this Code, shall file a formal complaint with the designated body. + COPIES OF DRAWINGS. - _ iffhe/she is leaving his/her Architect-Employer shall not, without the permission of the latter, take with him/her designs, drawings, data, or other relevant materials even if personally performed by him/her. - Onthe other hand, the Architect-Employer shall not unreasonably withhold such permission, except when some confidentiality of any such documents must be reasonably protected+ DISCRIMINATION. - _ shall not discriminate on grounds of race, national origin, age, gender, marital status, religion, or any disability which would hinder the performance of his/her professional work. b. The Professional Practice of Architecture in the Philippines ACRONYMS ADR - Alternative Dispute Resolution AF - Architectural Firm ADC - Architectural Design Competition Aicc - Architect in charge of construction Aor ~ Architect-of-record BPO - Business Process Outsourcing A - Consulting Architect CEC - Codes of Ethical Conduct DOLE - Department of Labor and Employment DTI - Department of Trade and Industry FPCA - Filipino Professional Consulting Architects TAPOA - Integrated and Accredited Professional Organization of Architects KPO - Knowledge Process Outsourcing MoP - Manual of Procedure PACS - Professional Architectural Consulting Services PCA - Professional Consulting Architect PRC - Professional Regulation Commission GENERAL NOTES ON THE SELECTION OF THE ARCHITECT © There are many ways by which a Client can engage the services of an Architect. The most appropriate method of selecting an Architect will depend on the type and complexity of the project. * The scope of services will depend on the method by which the Architect is selected. + METHODS OF SELECTION 1. Direct Selection is used when undertaking a relatively small project. The Client selects his Architect on the basis of: - Reputation - Personal or business acquaintance or recommendation of a friend = Recommendation of the Architect's former Client - Recommendation of another Architect. 2. Comparative Selection may be conducted by committees representing institutions, corporations or public agencies. The selection process involves: + Invitation. The Client issues an invitation which includes the Terms of Reference (ToR) for the project which is based on the Design Brief prepared by another Architect. The selection committee established by the Client may consist of representatives from other State-regulated professions and/or the construction industry, as well as persons with related expertise.+ Pre-qualification. Architects and/or PRC-registered Architectural Firms (AFs) submit information regarding their qualification and expertise. + Interview. The Architect explains his methodology in translating the plan/design requirements of the proposed project. * Verification. The selection committee may visit buildings designed by the Architects and check references such as former clients and financial institutions. + Evaluation & Ranking. The selection committee may adopt its own procedure in evaluating the entries and recommending the most capable firm. + Negotiation. The Architect explains to the Client the Scope of Services and the Architect's Fee as prescribed under the Architect’s Guidelines. 3. An Architectural Design Competition (ADC) is used for civic or monumental projects. The competition may either be an idea competition, design or design build competition. Various Architects or architectural firms (AFS) submit plan/design solutions to a particular design problem and are judged on the basis of comparative excellence, 1. Advantages a. Opportunities will be open only to all PRC-registered and licensed Architects (RLAs) or PRC-registered Architectural Firms (AFS). b. The Client/ Committee will have a wider range of options. 2. Disadvantages a. Process may be expensive and time consuming b. The time and effort required may discourage qualified firms from participating, c. Some potentially unscrupulous prospective Clients will seek free services under the guise of design competition. Architects must always be constantly aware that ownership and copyright issues under Secs. 20 (4) and 33 of R.A. No. 9266 must be fully addressed under all architectural competition rules. 3. Procedure. Competitions should be conducted: a. With the assistance of the integrated and accredited professional ‘organization of architects (IAPOA) or one of its local chapters, and b. In accordance with the Architect's Guidelines. 4. Participants a. Sponsor or Client — a natural or juridical person;b. Competitors — Filipino/ Philippine-Registered and Licensed Architects (RLA) and IAPOA members in good standing. A foreign architect as a competitor must be registered in his/her country of origin and must secure a Temporary Special Permit (TSP) from the Commission (PRC), a work permit form the Department of Labor and Employment (DoLE) and must work in collaboration with a local/Filipino counterpart RLA who will assume the requisite professional responsibilities and civil liabilities, in the case of a design or design-build competition; c. Professional Adviser — Philippine-Registered and Licensed Architects (RLAs) who are IAPOA members in good standing; d. Jury ~ Composed of at least five (5) members who are known for their integrity, objectivity, impartiality and honesty. * Architect - member in good standing of the IAPOA + Competition Sponsor or Client. Professional Ethics a. Professionalism in architectural practice MISDEMEANOR The following shall be guilty of misdemeanor: Any person who shall practice or offer to practice architecture in the Philippines without being registered/licensed and who are not holders of temporary or special permits in accordance with the provisions of RA 9266 Any person presenting or attempting to use the Certificate of Registration/Professional Identification Card or seal of another or temporary or special permit ‘Any person who shall give any false or forged evidence of any kind to the Board or to any member thereof in obtaining a Certificate of Registration/Professional Identification Card or temporary or special permit Any person who shall falsely impersonate any registrant of like or different name Any person who shall attempt to use a revoked or suspended Certificate of Registration/Professional Identification Card or cancelled special/temporary permit ‘Any person who shall use in connection with his/her name or otherwise assume, se or advertise any title or description tending to convey the impression that he/she is an architect when he/she is not an architect ‘Any person whether Filipino or foreigner, who knowingly allows the use, adoption, implementation of plans, designs or specifications made by any person, firm, partnership or company not duly licensed to engage in the practice of architecture Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of RA 9266, its implementing rules and regulations, the Code of Ethical Conduct and Standards of Professional Practice, or any policy of the Board and the CommissionGovernment Employees ‘+ Government employees and employees of private firms or persons/entities who are not registered and licensed architects shall not perform architectural works in the performance of their official function without the direct supervision of a licensed architect. ‘+ Such activity shall constitute unauthorized practice of architecture which shall be penalized in accordance with Section 29 of RA 9266. Public Officials ‘© Any public official who shall order or cause a non architect to perform activities which constitute practice of architecture shall be administratively liable and shall be guilty of misdemeanor and shall upon conviction be sentenced in accordance with Section 30 of RA 9266. PROHIBITION IN THE PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE ‘+ Any person or entity, whether public or private, Filipino or foreigner, who/which shall entice, compel, coerce, require or otherwise force an architect registered and licensed under RA 9266 to undertake/perform any service under the general practice of architecture as defined under RA 9266, without first executing a written contract/service agreement shall be guilty of misdemeanor and shall, upon conviction be sentenced to a fine of not less than Two hundred thousand esos (P200,000.00) or to suffer imprisonment for a period not exceeding six (6) years, or both, at the discretion of the Court. Representatives of non-registered persons LIABILITY OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NON-REGISTERED PERSONS ‘It shall be unlawful for any person or firm or corporation to seek to avoid the provisions of RA 9266 by having a representative or employee seek architectural work in their behalf, unless and until, such persons are duly qualified and duly registered/licensed. Otherwise, both those represented and the representative, the employer and the employee shall be deemed guilty of violation of RA 9266. ‘+ Solicitation of architectural work shall be construed as offering to practice architecture and it shall be unlawful for any non-registered and unlicensed persons to do so Signing and sealing of architectural plans ‘+ It shall be unlawful for any architect to sign his/her name, affix his/her seal on architectural plans made under another architect’s supervision, unless made in such manner as to clearly indicate which parts of such work was actually performed by the former ‘+ The authorized signature, official seal, PTR, PRC registration number and the IAPOA membership number and Official Receipt (O.R.) number of the Architect of-Record stamped on architectural plans signify his/her assumption of the mandated 15-year civil liability under Article 1723 of the Civil Code. ‘+ However, the Architect-of-Record should be limited to architectural documents of a project and its liability does not extend to the professional responsibility nor civil liability of the other signing (sealing) professionals Ownership of contract documents,OWNERSHIP OF CONTRACT DOCUMENTS (SECTION 33 of RA 9266) ‘* Drawings and specifications and other contract documents duly signed, stamped or sealed, as instruments of service, are the intellectual property and documents of the architect, whether the object for which they are made is executed or not. It shall be unlawful for any person to duplicate or to make copies of said documents for use in the repetition of and for other projects or buildings, whether executed partly or in whole, without the written consent of architect or author of said documents ‘+ Allarchitects shall incorporate this provision in all contract documents and other instruments of service Non-registered person shall not claim equivalent service CLAIMS FOR EQUIVALENT SERVICE ‘* Persons not registered as an architect shall not claim nor represent either services or work as equivalent to those of a duly qualified registered architect, or that they are qualified for any branch or function of architectural practice, even though no form of the title “Architect” is used LIMITATION TO THE REGISTRATION OF FIRMS REGISTRATION OF FIRMS + The practice of architecture is a professional service, admission to which shall be determined upon the basis of individual personal qualifications * However, a firm, company, partnership, corporation or association may be registered or licensed as such for the practice of architecture under the following conditions: 1. Only Filipino citizens properly registered and licensed as architects under RA 9266 may, among themselves, or together with allied technical professionals, form and obtain registration as a firm, company, partnership, association or corporation for the practice of architecture; 2. Registered and licensed architects shall compose at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the owners, shareholders, members, incorporators, directors, executive officers, as the case may be 3. Individual members of such firm, partnership, association or corporation shall be responsible for their individual and collective acts as an entity and as provided by law; 4, Such firm, partnership, association or corporation shall be registered with the SEC and the PRBOA TEMPORARY /SPECIAL PERMITS: ‘* Foreign nationals who have gained entry in the Philippines to perform professional services as architects or consultants shall secure a special/temporary permit from the Board subject to approval of the Commission, to practice his/her profession in connection with the project to which he/she was commissioned ‘* A foreign national or foreign firm whose name appears on architectural plans for securing building permits, licenses and government authority clearances for actual building project construction in the Philippines shall be deemed practicing architecture in the Philippines, whether the contract for professional services is consummated in the Philippines or in a foreign country.Condition For Temporary/Special Permits ‘+ He/she must be a citizen or subject of a country which specifically permits Filipino professionals to practice his/her profession within their territorial limits, on the same basis as the subjects or citizens of such foreign state or country ‘+ He/she must be legally qualified to practice architecture in his/her own country, and that his/her expertise is necessary and advantageous to our country particularly in the aspects of technology transfer and specialization = Foreign nationals shall be required to work with a Filipino counterpart and shall also be responsible for public utilities and taxes due to the Philippine government, relative to their participation in, or professional services rendered to the project ‘+ Agencies, organizations or individuals whether public or private, who secure the services of a foreign professional authorized by law to practice in the Philippines, shall be responsible for securing a special permit from the PRC and the DOLE ity insurance for temporary or special permits + Foreign nationals must locally secure their professional liability insurance or malpractice insurance or their acceptable equivalent in bond form commensurate with the nature and magnitude of their project involvement and their compensation b. Code of Ethical Conduct THE ARCHITECT'S CODE OF ETHICS 1 shall work with this general objective- that my duty is not only to myself, but also to my Country and God. I shall uphold the ideals and follow the norms of conduct of a noble profession and endlessly endeavor to further its just ends, I shall humbly seek success not through the measure of solicited personal publicity, but by industrious application to my work, strive to merit a reputation for quality of service and for fair dealing. I shall ask from all, fair remuneration for my services while expecting and asking no profits from any other source. I shall hold the interest of my Client over and above any self-interest for financial returns. I shall exercise my professional prerogatives always with impartiality and disinterestedness. I shall avoid any private business investments or venture which may tend to influence my professional judgment to the detriment of the trust placed upon me. 1 shall inspire by my behavior the loyalty of my associates and subordinates and take upon me the mentorship of the aspirants to the profession. I shall confine my criticisms and praises within constructive and inspirational limits and never resort to these means to further malicious motives. 1 shall dedicate myself to the pursuit of creative endeavor towards the goal of enlightened Art and Science, generously sharing with colleagues, friends and strangers alike the benefits of my experience and experiments.CODE OF ETHICAL CONDUCT ‘The professional of Architecture calls for men of the highest integrity, judgment, business capacity and artistic and technical ability. An Architect's honesty of purpose must be above suspicion; he acts as professional adviser to his client and his advice must be unprejudiced; he is charged with the exercise of judicial functions as between client and contractor and must act with entire impartiality; he has moral responsibilities to his professional associates and subordinates; and he is engaged in a profession which carries with it grave responsibilities to the public. These duties and responsibilities cannot be properly discharged unless his motives, conduct, sense of moral values and ability are such as to command respect and confidence. In order to promote the highest standards of ethical conduct in the practice of Architecture, the United Architects of the Philippines, with the approval of the Board of Architecture and the Professional Regulation Commission, has codified and formulated the following principles for adoption and compliance of the Architect.