English For Nurse 3 Program B

English for Nurses
LESSON 1
WHERE DO YOU WORK
DIALOGUE
Intern : Hello, Mrs. Davis. I’m a doctor, what seems to be matter with Indra?
Mother : I don’t really know. He was outside playing with all the other children,
Intern : does your elbow still hurt, Indra?
Mother : Yes, it does
Intern : can you feel this when I put it in your hand?
Mother : Yes
Intern : Now, shake my hand, as hard as you can….that’s it ………..let’s take a
Mother : can we do that there?
Intern : yes, the nurse will take you to the x-ray department.
I. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. Why did Indra’s mother come to see a doctor?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What did Indra’s mother tell about the accident?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What did Indra’s mother tell about his elbow.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Why was Indra’s arm x-rayed?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Where did the nurse take Indra?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
English for Nurses 1

English for Nurses
II. VOCABULARY
SOME WARDS AND DEPARTMENTS

Surgical Wards ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Medical Ward ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Orthopaedic Ward ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Genecological Ward …………………………………………………………………………………………….
Paediatric Ward ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
E.N.T ward …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Long-Stay Ward …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
X-Ray Department ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Operating Theatre ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Casualty and Emergency (or Unit) (or Accident Emergency Department)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Central Sterile Supply Department …………………………………………………………………………..
Dispensary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Laboratory ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Out-Patient Clinic ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Maternity Unit ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Occupational Therapy Department ………………………………………………………………………….
Antenatal Clinic ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Post-Natal ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Psychiatric Unit ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Admission Department ……………………………………………………………………………………………
Infectious Disease Unit …………………………………………………………………………………………..

English for Nurses
Anaesthetic Room ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
NOUN (PROFESSIONS) NOUN (SCIENCE) ADJECTIVE

radiologist radiology radiological
psychologist psychology psychological
dermatologist dermatology dermatological
genaecologist genaecology genaecological
pathologist pathology pathological
venerologist venerology venerological
histologist histology histological
cytologist histology histological
haematologist haemotology haematological
bacteriologist bacterilogy bacteriological
obstetrician obstetrics obstetric
pediatrician pediatrics pediatric
geriatrician geriatrics geriatric
psychiatrist psychiatry psychiatric
anaesthetist anaesthetics anaesthetic
surgeon surgery surgical
physician medicine medical
orthopaedic surgeon orthopedics orthopedic
B. WHO DOES WHAT?

Someone who studies and practices dermatology is a dermatologist
Someone who studies and practices radiology is radiologist
Someone who studies and practices color colour
1. Geneacology is a ……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Bacteriology is a ……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Histology is a ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Venereology is a …………………………………………………………………………………………..

English for Nurses
5. Psychology is a …………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Pathology is a ………………………………………………………………………………………………
C. WHERE COULD YOU FIND?
1. A dermatologist ? in a ……………………………………………………………………………ward
2. A radiologist? In a …………………………………………………………………….department
3. An obstetrician? In an ………………………………………………………………………..…..unit
4. A physician? In a ………………………………………………………………………………….ward
5. A surgeon? In a ……………………………………………………………………………….theatre
6. A paeditrician in a …………………………………………………………………………….…..ward
D. SOMEONE WHO STUDIES
1. ………………………………………………………………………………….is an orthopaedic ward
2. Blood is a …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. The body’s cell is a ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ……………………………………………………………………………………….is a geneacologist
5. Anaesthetic is an ………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. ………………………………………………………………………………………………..is a surgeon
E. THINGS ON THE WARD
Write the number of each description next to the correct word
Sheet ( ) 1. This covers the bed to keep off the dust

Matress ( ) 2. To rest their head on
Crutch ( ) 3. A patient confined to bed will have to use this to
Trolley ( ) urinate and defecate.
Vase ( ) 4. Patients use this when they need to call a nurse
Curtain ( ) 5. For identification, this is worn by patients around their
Drip stand ( ) wrist
Bedpan ( ) 6. A narrow bed for transporting patients
Tray ( ) 7. Wash your hand here

English for Nurses
Bedspread ( ) 8. A mechanical device for lifting and moving patients

Observation chart ( ) 9. Drawn around a patient’s bed to provide some privacy
Oxygen point ( ) 10.Two of these on the bed are straightened regularly
Urine bottle ( ) and washed everyday
Hoist ( ) 11.Meals are brought to the bed on this.
Wheelchair ( ) 12.These keep the patient warm.
Pillow ( ) 13.Male patients confined to use this to urinate.
Cal button ( ) 14.Suspended above the bed, this can be used by
Blanket ( ) patients to pull herself up.
Basin ( ) 15.Patients lie on this, it’s sometimes hard, sometimes
Name band ( ) soft.
Monkey pole ( ) 16.Intravenous fluid bag are suspended on this
17.Patients who can sit up comfortably can be
transported or one of these.
18.A patient with a broken leg will need two of these to
get around.
19.For flower.
20.A mask and tube from this will supply oxygen to
patient.
21.The patient’s condition is recorded here.
III. GRAMMAR
THE EXPLETIVE (SUBJECT/OBJECT) “THERE” DAN “IT”

A. The expletive “there” commonly occurs in the following types of
sentences.

English for Nurses
1\ “There” + be + (pro) noun + expression of place

 There is nobody here
 There is a medical equipment in the room
2\ “There” + be + noun with adjective modifiers.
 There was once a very nice doctor in that hospital
 There are three reasons for rejecting the proposal
3\ “There” + be + noun + “ing” participle
 There is an operation going on in the operating room
(An operation is going on in the operating room)
 There is a strong wind coming from the west
(a strong wind is coming from the west)
In a sentence with expletive “there”, the verb agrees with the actual subject that
follows it.
Example: - There is a book on the desk
- There are some books on the desk
B. Expletive “It” is often found in the following construction

1# “It” + be + adjective + adverbial construction:
 It is gloomy here
 It is pleasant in the waiting room
 It would be wise if you went there now
2# “It” + be + an expression of :
Identification : what is this? It is a stethoscope
Weather : It is cold outside
Time : It is Monday (or ten o’clock) August 17
Distance : It is five miles from hospital to my house.
Only a singular verb is used with expletive “it”
Exercise 1 : Supply “It is”, “There is”, “There are”
Example:

English for Nurses
 It is raining outside
 There is no place like home
 There are many simple ways in this manual
1. ……………………………… more comfortable over here
2. ……………………………… someone waiting in the office to see you
3. Who is at the door? …………………….Risma
4. …………………………….. two good reasons why we shouldn’t go there.
5. ……………………………. not a house to be seen for miles around
6. …………………………… very warm today
7. ……………………………. many books on man-made satellite in the library
8. …………………………… too cold to go outside
9. What time ……………? ……………… a quarter past two
10. ………………………….. a lot of changes that should be made
11. ………………………….. more efficient if you do it this way
12. ………………………….. snowing very hard now
13. ………………………….. more births and deaths in some countries
14. …………………………. many ways of telling a lie.
15. …………………………. only one way of telling the truth.
16. ………………………….. often very windy near the ocean.
17. ………………………….. some people who are never satisfied.
18. ………………………….. sad to hear the bad news.
19. ………………………….. so hot that we cannot work
20. What is this? ………. ……………a scissor.
21. ………………………….. something wrong with this air-conditioner
22. ………………………….. enough books for everyone in the class
23. ………………………….. too noisy here for us to study.
24. ………………………….. too much noise here for us to take a rest.
25. ………………………….. a few pages missing from today’s newspaper.

English for Nurses
3# Anticipatory “It” (meaning “precede”)

An anticipatory “It” construction is used to avoid having a long noun structure appear in
subject position. The construction without anticipatory “it” is felt as more formal one.
Exercise 2: Change each sentence so that it begins with “it”
Example :
a) To take a rest the country is very pleasant
>> It is very pleasant to take a rest in the country.
b) For me, to do this is quite difficult
>> It is quite difficult to do this.
a\ to fill out of these forms is very time-consuming
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b\ to take some exercise everyday is good for the health.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c\ to speak before a large audience takes a great deal of self-assurance.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d\ for man, to land a space ship on the moon is now possible.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
e\ To become a good doctor requires much training and experience.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
f\ For him to work so hard makes no sense.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
g\ To speak English well is difficult for foreign students.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4# “It” with “that” Noun Clause Subject
Example : That he should resent such a remark is natural
>> It is natural that he should resent such a remark
EXERCISE 3
h\ That he will never be a success is becoming evident.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

English for Nurses
i\ That he was able to sell that old car of his was a surprise to us.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
j\ That he will not finish on time is becoming apparent.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
k\ That he failed his examination is a shame.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
l\ That he might be very ill never occurred to me.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
m\ That no one came to the airport to greet him disappointed him.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
n\ That she couldn’t have her frustrated her.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
IV. TRANSLATION
In the treatment room of a ward unit, surgical dressings, investigations and other sterile
procedures can be carried out under optimal conditions and with minimal risk of cross-
infection. The treatment room should be large enough to accommodate a patient in his
bed, a cough for ambulant patients, and all the equipment needed for treatment. It
must of course allow medical and nursing staff adequate space to work in comfort.
TERJEMAHAN:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

English for Nurses
LESSON 2
JANE JOHNSON
Jane Johnson works in a surgical ward in London hospital. Jane does shift work, so she
does not go to work at the same time every day. When she is on an early shift, she

English for Nurses
goes on duty at 7 a.m, and comes off duty at 3 p.m. Late shifts start at 2 p.m, and
finish at 10 p.m, Jane does not like late shift.
Jane always goes to work by bus when she is on an early shift. The bus stop outside
the out-patient department. When she is on a late shift, Jane generally walks from her
home to hospital. When she comes off duty at 10 p.m, she is usually tired, and takes
the bus home. Sometimes she goes to the taxy-rank outside the main entrance of the
hospital and goes home by taxi.
Jane is not qualified nurse, she is a student, so she does not work in the ward every
day. On certain days, she has to attend lecturers on general nursing, anatomy and
physiology, hygiene and various other subjects. She wants to pass the state Final
Examination and become a State Registered Nurse. As a State Registered Nurse, she
becomes a staff nurse and can in time, become a sister or even a nursing officer.
1. Where does Jane Johnson work?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. At what time does she go on duty when she is on early shift?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. When does she come off duty when she is on early shift?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What time do the late shifts start?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. When do late shifts finish?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. When does Jane go to work by bus?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Where does the bus stop?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

English for Nurses
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. When does Jane walk from her home to the hospital?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. When does she take the bus home?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. What lectures does Jane attend?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. What can she become when she has passed the State Final Examination?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. VOCABULARY
Basic Terms: Match the definitions with the terms. Write the letters in the grid blow.
1. The long term result of an illness or treatment ( )

a. Disease
2. Identifying several illnesses which the patient may have.
b. Symptoms
( )
c. History
3. Things wrong with the body which the patient
d. Examination
complaints of or experiences. ( )
e. Prevention
4. A study of the patient’s body ( )
f. Consultation
5. The causes leading to an illness ( )
g. Abnormality
6. An unusual feature which may be worrying or
h. Sequale
dangerous.
i. Aetiology
( )
j. Complication
7. A meeting between patient and doctor to discuss
k. Prognosis
problem
l. Signs
( )
m. Syndrome
8. The identification of a particular illness. ( )
n. Differential
9. A change in the structure of function of the organs or
diagnosis

English for Nurses
tissue of the body. ( ) o. diagnosis

10. Taking away the cause of illness or finding it early
( )
11. A group of sign which are characteristics of a particular
illness ( )
12. Additional problems to the original illness ( )
13. Likely outcome of an illness ( )
14. A patient’s medical background, problems, behavior,
and lifestyle. ( ).
15. What the doctor can see of the illness ( )
B. HEALTH
Direction : Use one of the words in the box to complete each sentence
pharmacist cure physical nourishing work out
1. Candy and potato chips are not examples of …………………………….food.

2. One good way to keep healthy is to ……………………………… at a gym several times
a week.
3. I have to pick up my medicine from the ………………………. this afternoon.
4. Miranda’s doctor said she needs to get more ……………………….. exercise because
she is gaining.
5. Doctors still are not able to …………………………… the common cold.
prescription fit benefit symptom treatment
6. You cannot buy this medicine without a ………………………………. from your doctor.

English for Nurses
7. You can stay ………………………………….. by following a regular program of exercise.

8. A simple problem like a headache could be a ………………….. of a more serious
disease.
9. Aspirin used to be the most common ……………………….. for a headache, but now
there are several other medicines that people commonly use.
10. Diet and exercise can ………………………….. your health in many ways.
emergency illness patients research scientific
11. Herman is suffering from a serious ……………………….. and will be in the hospital for
several weeks.
12. If you think you have a medical …………………………… go to the hospital
immediately.
13. Drug companies have to do a lot of …………………….before they can put a new drug
on the market.
14. The doctor’s schedule is full this week and she cannot see any new ……………………
15. Many people believe that chicken soup can cure a cold but ………………… studies
have not been able to prove this.
EXERCISE : Word Families

noun Nourishment
verb Nourish
adjective Nourishing
16. Fruits and vegetables provide a lot of …………………………….

17. Children need to eat a lot of …………………….. food.
18. Parents want to ………………………… their children with good, healthful food.

English for Nurses
noun Science
adjective Scientific
adverb Scientifically
19. Medical ………………………… has many advances in the last 50 years

20. Because of …………………………. Knowledge, we are now able to treat many kinds of
sickness.
21. All new drugs have to be ……………………… tested.
noun Treatment
verb Treat
adjective Treatable
22. Although Jane’s illness is quite serious, it is ………………………..

23. You can ……………………….. almost any kinds of pain with aspirin.
24. Do you know a good ………………………….. for the common cold.
III. GRAMMAR
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
A. THE STRUCTURE OF ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
(a) ACTIVE : The doctor examined (a) And (b) have the same meaning
the patient
(b) PASSIVE : The patient was
examined by the doctor
(c) The doctor examined the patient In ( c ) the object of an active sentence
S V O becomes the subject of a
passive voice
The patient was mailed by the

English for Nurses
doctor
(d) The doctor examined the patient In ( d ) The subject of an active

sentence is the object of by in
The patient was examined by the the “by phrase” in a passive
doctor voice
(e) ACTIVE : The teacher corrects our Form of all passive voices
homework BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
(f ) PASSIVE : Our homework is BE can be any of its forms; am, is, are,
corrected by the teacher was, were, has been, have been,
(g) ACTIVE : Mr. Dudi will teach this will be, etc.
class THE PAST PARTICIPLE follows BE. For
(h) PASSIVE : This class will be taught regular verbs, the past participle
by Mr. Dudi. ends in ed (e.g, mailed,
corrected). Some past participle
are irregular (e.q. taught).
B. TENSE FORMS OF PASSIVE VERBS
Notice that all the passive verbs are formed with BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE
SIMPLE The news of her I am surprised by the news
PRESENT pregnancy surprises me
The news of her Sam is surprised by the news
pregnancy surprises Sam
The news of her We are surprised by the news
pregnancy surprises us
SIMPLE PAST The news of her I was surprised by the news

pregnancy surprised me
The news of her Sam was surprised by the news
pregnancy surprised Sam
The news of her We were surprised by the news
pregnancy surprised us
PRESENT The news of her I have been surprised by the news
PERFECT pregnancy has surprised
me. We have been surprised by the news
The news of her
pregnancy has surprised
us
FUTURE The news of her I will be surprised by the news
pregnancy will surprise

English for Nurses
me.
The news of her We will be surprised by the news
pregnancy will surprise
us
EXERCISE
1. The midwife has weighed the newly-born baby

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. She is undergoing the cesarean operation right now
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. We made the report about partum last week.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. They will explain us about the spread of the disease.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. She was making the presentation when I entered the class.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The mosquitoes bit one of the children who were playing in the yard.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. We would appreciate your measures.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. One of the students had done the task before the lecturer came.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. She had undergone the operation before her husband came.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The doctor of local hospital recommended us to go to central hospital.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. The researcher randomizes the women into two groups.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

English for Nurses
12. He must prevent early symptom.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Did they invite you in the seminar?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. The midwife examined the pregnant woman this morning.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. He had taken his wife to hospital when I dropped by his house.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
IV. TRANSLATION
Jane Johnson works in a surgical ward in London hospital. Jane does shift work, so she
does not go to work at the same time every day. When she is on an early shift, she
goes on duty at 7 a.m, and comes off duty at 3 p.m. Late shifts start at 2 p.m, and
finish at 10 p.m, Jane does not like late shift.
Jane always goes to work by bus when she is on an early shift. The bus stop outside
the out-patient department. When she is on a late shift, Jane generally walks from her
home to hospital. When she comes off duty at 10 p.m, she is usually tired, and takes
the bus home. Sometimes she goes to the taxy-rank outside the main entrance of the
hospital and goes home by taxi.
TERJEMAHAN:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

English for Nurses
LESSON 3
WARD
The ward is the patient’s home during his stay in hospital. It is place in which he
spends his days, eat, sleeps, and where his personal needs are catered for. A well-
planned ward provides a pleasant, safe, and comfortable environment for patient and
staff.

English for Nurses
The planning of ward units for new hospital, and for modernization schemes in
older ones, has received a great deal of consideration. In the past, in-patients were
allowed up only for a short periods during convalescence. The modern practice of early
ambulation has made it essential to provide adequate space for recreation and
sufficient bathing and toilet facilities. Bright colors have been used to create a cheerful
atmosphere in the ward, and furniture has been designed to suit the different needs for
patients.
Another problem on which hospital planners have focused on their attention is
the reduction of unnecessary noise. The use of plastic equipment and provision of
central dish-washing and sterilizing departments have been great help in eliminating
noise.
The questions of ward cleaning has also been taken into consideration by the
planners. Nowadays, the floors and walls are made of materials that can withstand very
frequent washing and polishing. Furniture and fittings have been designed to permit
easy cleaning and maintenance.

1. What does the patient do in the ward?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. What is done for the patient in the ward?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Name three things that have received attention in the planning of new hospital!
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Where did in-patient spend most of their time in the past?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

English for Nurses
5. When were in-patients allowed up in the past?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. What is the modern practice?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. What facilities has this modern practice made essential?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. How have planners reduced noise in modern hospital?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. What are the floors and walls made of nowadays?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. How have new furniture and fittings have been designed?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. VOCABULARY
MATCH UP THE PERSON WITH THE CORRECT DEFINITION

1. They assist patient who have difficulties speaking ( )
2. They move patients on beds, trolleys and wheelchairs. ( )
3. They look after people’s feet. ( )
4. They work out special meals and give advice on the most appropriate food. ( )
5. They are responsible for, prepare, and dispense medicine. ( )
6. These doctor’s specialty is children. ( )

English for Nurses
7. Senior medical people who give expert advice and are responsible for final decision-
making. ( )
8. They give message and exercise to restore specific bodily functions. ( )
9. They operate on patients to repair skin damage or improve a patient’s appearance.
( )
10. Their work is rehabilitation and assistance of people recovering from or suffering
from illness. ( )
11. They operate equipment in the X-ray department. ( )
12. They work in the departments which are responsible for specimens. ( )
13. They are responsible for running and organizing a ward or department. ( )
14. They work together with medical personnel in hospital and try to deal with a patient
problem at home. ( )
15. These doctors may refer their patients to hospital to see a specialist or to receive a
specialist care. ( )
a. consultant b. physiotherapist c. ward sisters d. plastic surgeon
e. speech therapist f. chiropodist g. social workers h. radiographer
i. dieticians j porters k. pharmacist l. laundry staff
m. medical laboratory scientific officers n. general practitioners
o paedietrician p. occupational therapist
III. GRAMMAR
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
III.A. RULES FOR FORMING THE COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
RULE 1
If the form of simple adjective comprises one syllable, add er in comparative

degree, and est in superlative degree.
POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

short shorter the shortest

English for Nurses
long longer the longest

high higher the highest
RULE 2
If simple adjective comprises one or two syllables and ending with w, or y, y

turns into I, then added with er in comparative degree and the est in the superlative
degree.

dry drier the driest
lazy lazier the laziest
narrow narrower the narrowest
RULE 3
For adjective comprises two or more than two syllables, add more in the
comparative degree and the most in the superlative degree.
helpful more helpful the most helpful

attractive more attractive the most attractive
intelligent more intelligent the most intelligent
RULE 4
Some adjectives have forms that do not follow the previous three rules in the
comparative and the superlative form.
bad worse the worst

good better the best
little less the least
many, much more the most

English for Nurses
late later the latest

far further the furthest
III.B. TWO-COMPARATIVES
We use this structure to say that something is changing continuously
FOR EXAMPLE
 It is becoming harder and harder to give birth normally in hospital
 The condition of the baby is getting worse and worse after being born
 She looks better and better.
 The bones of the newly-born baby are more and more powerful
III.C. EQUAL COMPARISON
An equal comparison indicates that the two entities are (or are not if negative)
exactly the same. The following rule generally applies to this type of comparison.
adjective noun
subject + verb + as + as +
adverb pronoun
NOTE: Sometimes you may see so instead of as before the adjective and the adverb in
negative comparisons.
 He is not as tall as his father
or
He is not so tall as his father
NOTE: Remember that the subject form of the pronoun will always be used after as in
correct English.
Aryanto is as tall as I You are as old as she
Examples of equal comparisons
My book is as interesting as yours (adjective)
His car runs as fast as a race car (adverb)
Nanda works as well as her sister (adverb)

English for Nurses
Their house is as big as that one (adjective)

His job is not as difficult as mine
Or (adjective)
His job is not so difficult as mine
They are as lucky as they are
The same idea can also be conveyed in another way
noun
Subject + verb + the same + (noun) + as +
pronoun
NOTE ; As high as means same as the height as

My house is as high as his
My house is the same height as his
Be sure that you know the following adjective and their corresponding noun
ADJECTIVES NOUNS
heavy, light weight

wide, narrow width
deep, shallow depth
long, short length
big , small size
NOTE : Remember that the opposite of the same as is different from. NEVER use
different than.
My nationality is different from hers
Our climate is different from Canada’s
Examples of the same as and different from

English for Nurses
 These trees are the same as those

 He speaks the same language as she
 Her address is the same as Rita’s
 Their teacher is different is different from us
 My typewriter types the same as yours
1. I am tired, she is tired too
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Ana is diligent , her sister is also diligent.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. I got the good score, My friends got the good score.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. He plays football well, His friends play football well.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The number of Indonesian people will grow fast. The number of Indian people will
grow fast.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. He is interested in studying English. They are interested in studying English.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. They were busy, and she is busy too.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Before payday, I have little money, and my brother has little money, too.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. She was not busy yesterday. Her friend was busy.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The doctor came late. The midwife came late, too.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
III. D UNEQUAL COMPARISON: This type of comparative implies that the entities
are comparable in a greater or lesser degree. The following rules generally apply to this
type of comparative

English for Nurses
1. Add- er to the adjective base of most one – and two syllable adjective (thick –
thicker, cold – colder, quite – quitter).
2. Use the form more + adjective for most three-syllable adjectives (more
beautiful, more important, more believable)
3. Use the form more + adjective for adjectives ending in the following suffixes; -
ed, -ful, -ing, -ish, and –ous. (more useful, more boring, more cautious)
4. Double the final consonant of one-syllable adjective which end in a single
consonant (except w, x, and z) and are preceded by a single vowel, (big-bigger,
red-redder, hot-hotter).
5. When an adjective ends in a consonant + y, change the y to i and add-er
(happy-happier, dry-drier)
NOTE : The –er suffix means exactly the same as more. Therefore, they can NEVER be
used together. It is NOT CORRECT to say:
More prettier, more faster, more better
adjective + er
adverb + er noun
subject + verb + than
more + adjective/adverb pronoun
less + adjective/adverb

English for Nurses
*One can add – er to only a few adverbs, faster, quicker, sooner, and later
NOTE : Remember always to use the subject form of the pronoun after than.
Examples:
Amir’s grades are higher than his sister
Today is hotter than yesterday
This chair is comfortable than the other
He speaks Spanish more fluently than I
He visits his family less frequently than she does
This year’s exhibit is less impressive than last year’s
 Illogical comparison; An illogical comparison is one in which unlike entities have
been compared. Be sure that the items being compared are the same. These forms can
be divided into three categories; possessives, that of and those of
Incorrect : His drawings are as perfect as his instructor
(this sentence compares drawings with his instructor)
Correct : His drawings are as perfect as his instructor’s
(instructor’s = instructor’s drawing)
Incorrect : The salary of a doctor is higher than a senior midwife
(This sentence compares salary with secretary)
Correct : The salary of a doctor is higher than that of a senior midwife
(that of = salary of)
Incorrect : The duties of a policeman are more dangerous than a teacher.
(This sentence compares duties with teacher)
Correct : The duties of a policeman are more dangerous than those of a teacher.
(those of : the duties of)
 Irregular comparatives and superlatives; A few adjectives and adverbs have
irregular forms for the comparative and superlative study them.
I feel much better today than I did last week
The university is further than the mall

English for Nurses
He has less time now than he had before

Nanda has more books than Susan
He acts worse now than ever before
III.E. DOUBLE COMPARATIVES: These sentences begin with a comparative

construction, and thus the second clause must also begin a comparative
The + comparative + subject + verb + the + comparative + subject + verb
The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel

The more qualified they are, the more expensive they are
The sooner you take your medicine, the better you will feel.
EXERCISE 4
1. Many people came, this place is crowded
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The pregnant woman walked long, she became tired
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. She walked far, she felt tired.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. She worked out frequently, she gave birth to baby easily
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. They work hard, they earn much money
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. She is generous, she gets many friends
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. She eats much, she vomits much
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. The lesson is difficult, they become dizzy

English for Nurses
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. She waits for her daughter long, she feels worried
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. His responsibility is big, his salary is good.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ABSOLUTE ADJECTIVE
Not all adjectives have comparative form. There is an adjective form which describes
simple form to superlative form. The adjective is so-called absolute adjective. Here are
some absolute adjectives:
1. alone 11. round
2. complete 12. final
3. dead 13. single
4. empty 14. square
5. perpendicular 15. straight
6. full 16. supreme
7. horizontal 17. true
8. instantaneous 18. unique
9. perfect 19. vertical
10.right 20. wrong
COMPOUND ADJECTIVE
Compound adjectives comprise two or more elements. One of the characteristics
of adjective is marked by hyphen.
For example: first-class, off-the-road.
Compound adjective is sometimes formed with the element that express the
number and words that state measurement; inch, foot, month, day, etc.
A three-foot ruler = a ruler three feet long
A five-mile walk-walk = a walk of five miles
Compound adjective can appear without hyphen, for example;
Change account customer money market fund real estate agent

English for Nurses
High school graduation post office box income tax return
EXERCISE
1. ………………………… which building is (bigger, biggest), Cipto Mangun Utomo Hospital
or Army Hospital?
2. …………………………Of two employees Najwa is (most conscientious, more
conscientious)
3. …………………………. She is the (lazier, laziest) person in the whole office.
4. …………………………. Of all our twenty three offices, the (newer, newest) is in Medan
5. ………………………… Which of the designs is the (prettier, prettiest).
6. ……………………….. Which of these two post is (vertical)?
7. ………………………… The left sleeve is (longer, longest) than the right.
8. ……………………….. Of all these boxes, which one is (squarer, square)?
IV. TRANSLATION
PREPARATION FOR THE WORKPLACE
It is essential to prepare the workplace as well as possible to extend adequate

care. It is extremely unpleasant for the patient if a nursing process what was begun
with sensitivity and care has to be suddenly interrupted.
All necessary utensils should be placed on a surface which should be as large as

possible and close to the bed. Take care that the patient does not have to turn by more
than 45 to protect his/her spine.
In case of confused and disoriented persons, it is very important to remain

always in view of the patient.

English for Nurses
If possible, skin contact should not be broken during the sponge bath (one hand
remains always in contact with the patient). This is especially important if the patient’s
visual perception is limited (weak, eyesight, come)
TERJEMAHAN:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
LESSON 4
ADMISSION
In Britain, most people who fall ill treated at home by their family doctors. Not all
illnesses can be treated at home, however, so many people are admitted to hospital at
some time during their lives. They are admitted either as arranged admission or as
emergency admissions.
Arranged Admissions
A patient who goes into hospital as an arranged admissions has previously attended an
out-patient clinic to which he has been sent by his family doctor. At the clinic he is

English for Nurses
examined, his previously history is taken and all the necessary investigations are carried
out. If admission is recommended, his name is put on a waiting list and when a bed in
an appropriate ward becomes vacant, he is sent a letter which tells him when to report
to the hospital for admission. With this letter, most hospitals enclose a leaflet telling the
patient what he will need while he is in hospital. The leaflet also outlines the general
ward routine and gives details of visiting hours.
Nowadays, many people go into hospital as a result of accidents or sudden illnesses.
These patients are called emergency admissions. They are often seriously ill and in
need of immediate care and attention. Unlike arranged admissions, little or nothing is
known about emergency admissions or their previous histories. They are usually taken
to the casualty and emergency department by ambulance. They are often unconscious.
Sometimes they are accompanied by friends or relatives who are able to supply at least
their personal particulars. In the casualty department, they are examined and the
necessary emergency treatment is carried out. If possible their previous histories are
taken. The appropriate ward is notified that a patient is being sent up so that the
necessary preparations can be made.
1. Why are most people admitted to hospital at some time during their lives?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What sort of clinic has an arranged admission previously attended?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. What is done if admission is recommended?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What is the patient sent by the hospital?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What does the leaflet sent by the hospital tell the patient?

English for Nurses
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Why are patients admitted as emergencies?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. What is known about emergency admissions?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. What information can the friends and relatives of emergency admissions give us?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. What happens to an emergency admissions in the casualty department?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. Why is the ward notified that a patient is being sent up?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. VOCABULARY
A. BASIC HOSPITAL VOCABULARY
patients on-call discharged locum admits/ward
ward round referral cover consent request
specimens outpatient clinic convalescent
1. People in hospital with some forms of illness are known as patient

2. When the first arrive at hospital, a doctor or nurse _____________them and shows
them to a bed in a ______________
3. There may be a letter of _______________ from another doctor explaining the
history.
4. The doctor may have to complete a _____________ for tests.

English for Nurses
5. Many medical personnel have to be ready to go to work in the event of an

emergency if they are _______________
6. The doctor may decide to have blood, urine, or tissue _______________ analyzed.
7. Every day, the doctor will speak to the patients during the _______________
8. Patients who require surgery will be asked to sign a _____________form.
9. A patient who is well enough to go home will be ______________
10. A patient who does not need to stay in hospital overnight can see the hospital
specialist as an _______________ and will be given an appointment to attend the
______________
11. When colleagues are absent from work because of illness, others will have to
___________
12. Patients who are getting better are _______________
13. The hospital may arrange for a _______________ when doctors are on holiday
III. GRAMMAR
GERUND
The gerund is indistinguishable in form from the present participle, but whereas the
present participle is a verbal adjective, the gerund is a verbal noun.
EXAMPLES:
1. The smoking old man enjoys smoking very much. The 1 st smoking is a present
participle, and the 2nd smoking is a gerund.
2. Teaching general English to Indonesian students is a challenging job. I’ll be teaching
them English for specific purpose tonight. Teaching is a gerund, and teaching is a
present participle
A. THE CHARACTERISTICS

English for Nurses
1. The Gerund has the most characteristics of a noun. Thus, it can be:
a. The subject of a sentence
1) Working in this condition is pleasant
2) The making of the report was done last week.
b. The complement of a sentence, examples
1) The only thing that interests her is working
2) Seeing is believing
3) To keep money that you have found is stealing
c. The object of a sentence, e.g
1) I remember seeing him
2) She likes helping the unhave
3) Your hair needs cutting
4) Have you finished writing your book?
d. The object of a preposition, e.g
1) He began by explaining the meaning of certain words
2) She is very fond of drinking milk
3) I do not like the idea of spending so much money.
4) Thank you for returning the book that I lent you.
5) He left without saying anything.
The gerund has some characteristics of a verb
e. It can take a direct object, e.g:
1) His hobby is collecting stamps
2) He likes saving his money
f. It can be modified by an adverb, e:g
1) She likes driving fast
2) She always avoids speaking rudely
h. The Gerund can be a noun modifier.
Examples
1) A walking-stick

English for Nurses
2) A swimming-pool
3) A knitting-needle
4) A reading-room
5) A Sewing-cotton
6) A dancing-teacher
Note: the difference in meaning between the present participle as a modifier and
the gerund as a modifier.
PRESENT PARTICIPLE GERUND
1. a dancing-teacher (= a teacher who

1. a dancing bear (= a bear dances)
teaches dancing
2. a travelling circus
2. a travelling-circus
3. a sleeping bag
3. a sleeping-carriage
4. running water
4. a running-track
Points of distinction between the gerund and the participle are:

a. The participle, which is partly adjective, can be expanded into an adjective clause.
b. Both the present participle and the noun it qualifies take a strong stress. In the
gerund construction only the gerund takes stress. Note, too, the hyphen with the
gerund.
4. The Gerund is modified by a possessive adjective or by the possessive forms of
noun.
a. It can take this form
b. This is perhaps, particularly the case when the gerund is the object of the
sentence,e.g:
c. It is almost always the case after the verb defer, delay, deny, postpone, e.g:
1) The hospital has deferred my going on holiday until next month.
2) Don’t delay your sending in of the application form.
3) He doesn’t deny his breaking of the agreement
4) I had to postpone my listening to his plans to a later date.

English for Nurses
d. This construction, however, is a literary one rather than a conversational one. In

colloquial speech it is fairly common to hear a personal pronoun instead of the
possessive adjective, e.g:
1) ………… because of him being
2) ……….. annoyed at you saying
3) ……….. excuse me interrupting you
4) ……….. used to Arman’s grumbling
5) ……….. to Ana’s coming
5. There were cases not only in colloquial but in literary English where the genitive
form would never be used, e.g:
1) I don’t like strangers interfering in my business
2) I am surprised at someone so rich having difficulty in paying what he owes you.
3) He said he was in favor of people working shorter hours
4) He laughed at my brother and me liking domestic products
5) The law was passed to prevent people being injured.
6) There is no need for that being done.
B. VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUND
1. The following verbs take a gerund after ; advise, avoid, consider, delay, deny, detest,
dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forbid, imagine, mind, miss,
postpone, practice, risk, stop, suggest, understand, prevent, continue, allow,
appreciate, delay, forgive, keep, mind, neglect, pardon, resist, e.g:
For examples
1) I couldn’t avoid meeting him
2) She enjoys feeding her baby
3) I couldn’t risk giving birth normally
4) Do you mind passing the salt?
Mind, with the meaning ‘object to’ is generally used in interrogative and negative
sentences, e.g:
1) Do you mind answering my question?

English for Nurses
2) I don’t mind working overtime.

It can occasionally be used in affirmative sentences when it is in answering to a
question, “Do you mind ………..? e.g:
Do you mind my smoking? Yes, I mind very much
2. The Gerund is also used after nearly all ‘phrasal verb’, e.g:
1) You must go on working
2) He wants to give up smoking
3) She bursts out crying
4) You must keep on trying
3. It is used, too, after the phrases it’s no good, it’s no use, is worth, to be fond of,
capable of, sick of, tired of, look forward to, e.g:
1) It’s no use crying over spilt milk
2) If a thing worth doing, it’s worth doing well.
3) I’m tired of meeting the same people day after day.
C. VERBS FOLLOWED BY THE GERUND OR THE INFINITIVE
1. The following verbs may take the gerund or the infinitive, sometimes depending on
the meaning to be expressed; begin, can’t bear, continue, dread, forget, hate,
intend, learn, like, love, omit, prefer, regret, remember, need, neglect, start, try,
e;g:
THE GERUND THE INFINITIVE
1. The teacher said, you can begin writing 1………and the children began to write
now”. …… 2. I hate to see cruelty and injustice.
2. I hate lying and cheating 3. The buses have ceased to run for
3. The buses have ceased running for today
today. (-they have ceased running for 4. He stops to smoke
today; but they will start again
tomorrow)
4. He stops smoking

English for Nurses
2. After the verbs of perceptions, e.g. hear, see, feel, watch, notice, etc. either the
infinitive or the gerund can be used, e’g:
THE GERUND THE INFINITIVE
1. I heard him come last night
I heard him coming in last night ( more interest in the fact of
( more interest in the the completion of the action)
continuity of the performing of the 2. I saw him work in the garden
action yesterday
2. I saw him working in the garden
EXERCISE 1
IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INDICATE WHETHER THE ‘ing’ FORM IS USED AS
PART OF A CONTINOUS TENSE ( a ), A PARTICIPLE USED ADJECTIVALLY ( b ), OR A
GERUND ( c ).
1. - The doctor is undergoing the operation
2. - The sleeping child is my neighbour’s
3. - The doctor denied doing malpractice
EXERCISE 2
CONSTRUCT TWO SENTENCES EACH CONTAINING A GERUND TAKING A DIRECT
OBJECT, AND THREE SENTENCES EACH CONTAINING A GERUND MODIFIED BY AN
ADVERB.
1. a. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. a. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
EXERCISE 3
IN THE FOLLOWING PHRASES INSERT HYPHENS WHERE NECESSARY, GIVING A
REASON IN EACH CASE.

English for Nurses
1. A monitoring coat 1. ………………………………………………………………….

2. A wandering mining steel 2. ………………………………………………………………….
3. Climbing boots 3. ………………………………………………………………….
4. Marching feet 4. …………………………………………………………………
5. A towering cliff 5. ………………………………………………………………..
6. A beginning letter 6. ………………………………………………………………..
7. A climbing expedition 7. ………………………………………………………………..
8. A hunting horn 8. ……………………………………………………………….
9. A waiting room 9. ……………………………………………………………….
10.Playing cards 10. ………………………………………………………………
EXERCISE 4
CONSTRUCT SENTENCES CONTAINING IN THE GERUND AFTER ANY OF THE VERBS IN
THE FOLLOWING LIST WHICH ADMIT OF THIS CONSTRUCTION. Enjoy, hope,
understand, advise, criticize, postpone, help, distinguish, propose.
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….............
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
EXERCISE 5
1. a. He stopped talking.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. He stopped to talk
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. a. I remember paying the milkman.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

English for Nurses
b. Remember to pay the milkman

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
IV. TRANSLATION
Yesterday, Mr. Salim was admitted to the ward. He was admitted for drug
stabilization of his epilepsy, which currently becomes apparent almost daily in grand
mall seizures. Mr. Salim is aged 17, his condition and nutritional state are normal. He
lives with his parents; for the past 8 months, he has been training to become an office
worker.
At age 10, Mr. Salim from Meningitis. Sunsequently, epileptic seizures
requiring drug stabilization were observed for the first times. In due course, the number
of seizures decreased. Salim is suffered between ages 14 and 16. The seizures started
to reappear only six months ago.
TERJEMAHAN
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

English for Nurses
LESSON 5
CASUALTY
While John Smith was going to school this morning, a car knocked him down. His right
leg was broken just below the knee. Some people who saw the accident laid him in a
comfortable position on the pavement and telephoned for an ambulance. John was
badly shocked and in great pain. While the people were waiting for the ambulance, the
driver of the car that knocked John down covered him with a coat and tried to comfort
him.
When the ambulance arrived, John was lifted onto a stretcher, put into the ambulance
and driven to a hospital that was not far away. When he arrived at the casualty
department, he was admitted. The nurse who admitted him gave him an injection of
morphine to combat the shock and the pain. The doctor who examined him comforted

English for Nurses
him and told him everything would be all right. While the doctor was examining him,
the nurse who had admitted him took his pulse and blood pressure. No anti-tetanus
injection was necessary as john had been immunized against tetanus six months earlier.
As John’s wound was lacerated and contused, he was given an antibiotic to prevent the
onset of infection. He was then taken to the x-ray department. While the x-ray
examination was being carried out, John’s parents arrived at the hospital. The doctor
who examined John told them that John had sustained a compound fracture of the tibia
and fibula. He explained that an operation was necessary and asked Mr. Smith to sign a
consent for operation form. Mr. Smith signed the consent form while Mrs. Smith was
giving John’s personal particulars and previous medical history to the nurse. Before
John’s parents left the hospital, they were told when they could visit him and were
given a list of things that he would need.
While John was waiting to go to theatre, a quarter-hourly record of his pulse and blood
pressure was kept and he was given a suitable premedication.

1. What was John doing when he was knocked down?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What did the people who saw the accident do?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. What did the driver of the car that knocked John down do?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What happened when the ambulance arrived?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Who gave him an injection of morphine?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Why was he given morphine?

English for Nurses
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Why wasn’t he given an anti-tetanus injection?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. What sort of wound had John sustained?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Which bones had been broken?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. What was Mr. Smith asked to sign?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. What was Mrs. Smith asked to give?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. What record was kept while he was waiting to go to theatre?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. VOCABULARY
DERIVATIVES
NO VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE ADVERB
01 comfort
02 accident
03 ambulant
04 badly
05 great
06 pain
07 depart
08 Blood
09 preventive
10 previously
11 infected
12 examination
13 explain

English for Nurses
14 personality
15 medical
16 pressure
17 suit
18 history
19 early
20 immediately
III. GRAMMAR
CLAUSE
Clause: is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate
A. NOUN CLAUSE
A noun clause that takes place of a noun or does the work of a noun in a
sentence is NOUN CLAUSE since it is noun, it can act:
1. As a subject of a sentence
a. What you are doing seems very difficult
b. Where he came from was a mystery
2. As an object of a sentence
a. Do you know why they couldn’t stay?
b. He asked me if I knew her address
3. As an object of preposition.
a. We have decided about where we will go on week-end

English for Nurses
b. He wasn’t listening to what I was saying
4. As a complement
a. This bag is exactly what I want
b. My favourite food is what you are eating.
Remember that the same form of clauses does not necessarily have the same function.
The work they do make difference, even though they begin with the same words.
Look at these examples:
a. We shouted with joy when our school team won the prize (when did we shout?)
b. We remember when our school team won the prize (what do we remember?)
c. I remember the day when our school team won the prize (which day do you
remember?)
EXERCISE: PICK OUT THE CLAUSES AND TELL WHAT KIND OF CLAUSES THEY
ARE
1# Tell where you are going for your holiday
2# The place where we stayed for our holiday was right on the sea coast
3# I don’t know where we are going this year.
4# Herman asked me if My wife had given birth to a baby
5# Ana is the woman who underwent the cesarean operation.
6# That is the postnatal clinic where I was born
7# I don’t remember when the man came to see his wife
8# Tell me who called in me in hospital
9# They would all have been glad if your wife had got well.
10#He asked me how long it took to get to Bandung.
B. ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

English for Nurses
An adjective clause is a dependent clause. It does the work of an adjective

because it tells something about a noun. It modifies a noun or gives further information
about a noun. An adjective consists of subject in the form of a relative pronoun and a
verb. It is therefore, called a relative clause.
An adjective, as said before, tells us something about a noun, e.g (for example).
I like useful goods
These are essential commodities
But instead of adjectives, we could use a sentence that does the same work, i.e
(that is) that tells us something about the noun.
Relative Pronoun: who : used for people
which : used for things
that : used for both people and things
EXAMPLES
I like goods that/which are useful
These are commodities that/which are essential
Each of the underlined sentences (that/which are useful; that/which are

essential) does the work of an adjective. They make complete sense only when they
are used with another sentence. They are called Adjective Clause. The whole sentences
are called Complex Sentences
CHOOSE THE RIGHT MEANING FROM THE LIST ON THE RIGHT AND THEN
WRITE A SENTENCE USING A RELATIVE PRONOUN
EXAMPLE: An architect is someone who design building
13. An architect is someone ……………. she/he helps pregnant women
14. A vegetarian is someone…………….. she/he takes care of patients in hospital
15. A midwife is someone ……………….. she/he designs building
16. A radiographer is someone ……….. she/he takes care a baby
17. A nurse is someone ……………… she/he gives anesthesia to patients

English for Nurses
18. A hematologist is someone ……………. she/he does not eat meat

19. A baby sitter is someone ………………. she/he x-rays patients
20. An anesthetist is someone ……………. she/he studies about blood
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
EXERCISE 2
CHOOSE THE MOST SUITABLE ENDING FROM THE LIST ON THE RIGHT AND
MAKE IT INTO A RELATIVE CLAUSE USING “WHO/THAT” OR
“WHICH”/”THAT”
EXAMPLE : Nanda works for a hospital that is not far away from her house
1. Abbas works for a company he came into radiologic room
2. The book is about the doctor he invented the telephone
3. The radiographer x-rayed the patient it can support life
4. The doctor took the patient it used to hang on the wall
5. Alexander Bell was the man it gives you the meaning of word
6. I called the man they stole my car
7. Where is the picture it makes typewriter
8. A dictionary is a book she had come here before
9. It seems that earth is the only planet he has cancer
10. The police have caught the man he performs the operation

English for Nurses
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
A complex sentence consists of Main Clause and Subordinate Clause

Main Clause Adjective (Sub-ordinate) Clause
1. I like goods that are useful
2. These are commodities that are essential
Sometimes the Adjective Clause divides the Main Clause, in other words, it is put in the
middle of the sentence, like this.
1. The goods that I like are useful
2. The commodities that I bought are essential
We analyze those Complex Sentences like this:
Main Clause Adjective (Sub-ordinate) Clause
1. The goods are useful that I like
2. The commodities are essential that I bought or The commodities that I
like are essential.
1) The Adjective Clause are essential “that I like” qualifies “goods”; so put is next to
“goods”
2) The Adjective Clause “that I bought” qualifies “commodities”; so put it next to
commodities

English for Nurses
EXERCISE 3
PICK OUT THE ADJECTIVE CLAUSES FROM THE FOLLOWING COMPLEX
SENTENCES AND TELL WHAT (NOUN) IT QUALIFIES
EXAMPLE: The car which I drove is mine
“which I drove” is Adjective Clause
1. The goods which he buys are valuable
2. The woman who has her own clinic is a senior midwife
3. The man whose wife is a midwife is a soldier
4. I called the doctor who operated my wife last month
5. The date which is due on is at term
6. The boys who are playing in the yard are my children
7. The book that I bought yesterday is about midwifery
8. The baby who is crying is my daughter
9. The disease that she has been suffering makes her give birth to baby.
10. The woman whom I picked up yesterday is my mother.
EXERCISE 4
EXAMPLE: Farid has a cat. It is called Cathy
 Farid has a cat which is cally Katty
1. This is the girl. She is going to be a midwife.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The girl is his daughter. She studies at Midwifery Academy.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The woman is my cousin. She is undergoing the cesarean operation.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The man is a genaecologist. His wife is also a doctor.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The baby is sleeping. I am carrying it.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The lecturer is teaching their class. I talked to her yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The woman is my mother. She is waiting for my little sister.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. The book is mine. I bought it three years ago.

English for Nurses
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The baby is in a bad condition. It is sleeping in incubator.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10.The casualty of the accident was seriously injured. They took him to a hospital.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
C. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE
1. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME
A clause that does the work of an adverb is an ADVERBIAL CLAUSE. It tells us

more about the verbs. It is answer to question HOW
EXAMPLES; a. The man runs as if a wolf were chasing him
b. Amran did that as it should be done
These clauses are describing a noun but telling more about the verbs “ran” and
“did”. They are answers to questions: “How did the man run?” and “How did Amran do
the work?”. They are doing the work of adverb of Manner, so they are called
ADVERBIAL CALUSE OF MANNER
2. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME
An ADVERBIAL CALUSE OF TIME is one that tells “when” an action id done. Here
are some examples:
a. The thief ran away when he saw the policeman

b. She decided to wait until the rain stopped
c. A cold win sprang up just as the sun was setting
d. When I have finished my work, I will go out to play
The subordinate clauses, which are underlined, tells us when the thief ran away
up to what time she decided to wait, when the cold win sprang up, and when I will go
out to play.
3. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PLACE
An ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PLACE is one that tells “where” an action is done.

Here are some examples:
a. They went where they could have a good time

English for Nurses
b. We have to put the medicine where a child cannot reach it
c. Where there are flowers, you will generally find bees
d. Wherever Erwin goes, Arman is sure to go
The underlined clauses are answers to questions “where did they go?”, “where
do we have to put the medicine?”. “In what place will generally find bees?” And “where
is Johan sure to go?”
EXERCISE 5
PICK OUT THE SUB ORDINATE CLAUSES FROM THE FOLLOWING COMPLEX
SENTENCES AND TELL WHAT KIND OF CLAUSES THEY ARE
1. When we arrived at campus, the lesson had started

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The bicycle which my uncle gave me was a birthday present
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. My brother left dirty footmarks wherever he went
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Examine the patient as Mrs. Nina did
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. A motor-bike that won’t go is no use.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. They met a man who earned his living by collecting rubbish
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. I was standing where I could see the game.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Everywhere I looked, there were dirty footmarks
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Don’t act as if you could do the exam easily
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10.You can’t come into the room while we are having a lesson
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

English for Nurses
11.The book that Mrs. Lisa bought last month is as a referred book
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12.As soon as the boys came into the room, the noise started.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13.Where is the nanny who looks after the baby?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
14.The thief who had robbed the policeman of his notebook gave it to Mr. Brown
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15.The sailor went where they expected to find the treasure
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
IV. TRANSLATION
While John Smith was going to school this morning, a car knocked him down. His right
leg was broken just below the knee. Some people who saw the accident laid him in a
comfortable position on the pavement and telephoned for an ambulance. John was
badly shocked and in great pain. While the people were waiting for the ambulance, the
driver of the car that knocked John down covered him with a coat and tried to comfort
him.
When the ambulance arrived, John was lifted onto a stretcher, put into the ambulance
and driven to a hospital that was not far away. When he arrived at the casualty
department, he was admitted. The nurse who admitted him gave him an injection of
morphine to combat the shock and the pain. The doctor who examined him comforted
him and told him everything would be all right. While the doctor was examining him,
the nurse who had admitted him took his pulse and blood pressure. No anti-tetanus
injection was necessary as john had been immunized against tetanus six months earlier.
TERJEMAHAN:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

English for Nurses
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
LESSON 6
PREGNANCY
The average duration of pregnancy is forty weeks which is ten lunar months or
two hundred and eighty days or approximately nine calendar months and one week.
The date on the baby is due to be born is called the expected date of delivery (EDD).
This is calculated as being forty weeks after the first day of the last menstrual period.
When the pregnant woman reaches her EDC, she is said to be at term. After
conception, the fertilized ovum is implanted into the inner lining of the womb, and the
site of implantation the “afterbirth” or placenta develops. The placenta is essential for
the survival of the unborn baby because the baby is being incubated inside a sac of
fluid within the mother’s womb and therefore it can breathe in the normal way , nor can
it forage for food. The baby is isolated in the fluid contained in the bag of membranes.
The baby’s blood flows along the umbilical cord from the baby to the placenta, and then
back to baby. Likewise the mother’s blood flows through cavities in the wall of the
womb next to the placenta. In this way, oxygen and foodstuff pass from the mother’s
blood to the baby’s blood through the placenta, and carbon dioxide and other excretory
products pass from the baby’s blood to the mother’s blood. The baby is entirely
dependent upon the mother and the placenta for survival.

English for Nurses
The womb grows in size as pregnancy continues and at term. It is large,

powerful muscular organ, ready to expel from the baby during labour. During the last
twelve weeks of pregnancy, the mother feels the womb contract from time to time, but
these are not painful contraction. They are known as Braxton – Hick contractions, and
they indicate that the womb is toning itself up in preparation for the hard work it has to
do during labour.
If the baby is born before the thirty-fifth week of pregnancy its chances of
survival are rather poor. From the thirty-fifth week up to thirty-eight week is a sharp
improvement in the survival rate.
Abortion or miscarriage is defined as “the expulsion of the products of
conception (i.e: the baby and the placenta) before the end of twenty eight week of
pregnancy”. Abortion is the correct medical term for miscarriage.
Premature labour is defined as “expulsion of the products of conception after the
end or the twenty-eight week pregnancy and before term.

1. Does the baby breathe within the womb?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. How does it receive its food and oxygen?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What is placenta?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What is the difference between abortion and premature labour?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. How long is the average duration of pregnancy?

English for Nurses
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. When is it said to be at term?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. VOCABULARY
USE THE CLUES TO FILL THE MISSING LETTERS IN THE FOLLOWING TERMS
BELOW
uterus menopause vagina testes breast ovulation penis

puberty lactation fertilization nipples pregnancy menstruation
ovary embryo uterine tube prostate gland vas deverens
1. After birth, secretion from this feed the baby …………………………………..

2. A tiny mass of cell which grows in the wall of the uterus ……………………………….
3. This produces the greater part of the semen ………………………………………….
4. One of pair where female germ cell are produced ………………………………..
5. The expulsion of mature oocyte into the peritoneal cavity ……………………….
6. one of pairs of tubes which carry sperm ………………………………..
7. The chamber where a new individual develops ……………………………….
8. The production of milk ………………………………
9. Lying in the scrotum, they produce sperm ……………………………
10. The result of this is zygote ……………………………………
11. The channel through which a baby is born ……………………………..
12. It lies at the center of the areola ………………………………
13. It is erectile during copulation ……………………………….
14. The time when the teenagers become sexually mature ………………………
15. The breakdown and expulsion of the lining once a month ……………………….
16. Fertilization takes place here ………………………………..
17. The period of nine months during which a new individual develops …………………

English for Nurses
18. When the menstrual cycle ceases in women of 45-55 years of age …………………
III.GRAMMAR
PAIRED CONJUCTION
EXAMPLES
a. Both my brother and my sister are here Two subjects connected by both/and
b. not only my mother but also my sister is take plural verb
here. When two subjects are connected by
c. Not only my sister but also my parents not only/but also, eiher/or or
are here. neither/nor. The subject that is
d. Neither my mother nor my sister is here closer to the verb determines
e. neither my sister nor my parents are here whether the verb is singular or plural
Notice the parallel structure in the

f. The research project will take both time examples. The same grammatical
and money. form should follow each word of the
g. Yesterday it not only rained but also pair.
snowed. Both + noun + and + noun
h. I’ll take either chemistry or physics next Not only + verb + but also + verb
quarter. Either + noun + or + noun
i. That book is neither interesting nor Neither +adjective + nor + adjective
accurate.

English for Nurses
COMBINE THE FOLLOING INTO SENTENCES THAT CONTAIN PARALLEL

STRUCTURE, USE THESE APPROPRIATE PAIRED CONJUCTION: both/and, not
only/but also, either/or, neither/nor
EXAMPLES : He does not have a pen. He does not have paper
He has neither a pen nor paper
1. The doctor came late. The midwife came late

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. She can speak English. She can speak French.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. He did not come, he did not send a message.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. They work carefully, they work accurately.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. The woman does not eat. The woman does not drink.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. She is smart. She is also diligent.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. She has turned in the assignment. They have turned in the assignment.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. His daughter will study in overseas. His daughter’s friend will study in overseas.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. The food must be nutritious. The food must be fresh.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10.She had left before I came. Her friend had left before I came.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11.The book is informative. The book is entertaining.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12.They cannot read. They cannot write.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
IV.TRANSLATION
The average duration of pregnancy is forty weeks which is ten lunar months or
two hundred and eighty days or approximately nine calendar months and one week.
The date on the baby is due to be born is called the expected date of delivery (EDD).
This is calculated as being forty weeks after the first day of the last menstrual period.

English for Nurses
When the pregnant woman reaches her EDC, she is said to be at term. After
conception, the fertilized ovum is implanted into the inner lining of the womb, and the
site of implantation the “afterbirth” or placenta develops. The placenta is essential for
the survival of the unborn baby because the baby is being incubated inside a sac of
fluid within the mother’s womb and therefore it can breathe in the normal way , nor can
it forage for food. The baby is isolated in the fluid contained in the bag of membranes.
The baby’s blood flows along the umbilical cord from the baby to the placenta, and then
back to baby. Likewise the mother’s blood flows through cavities in the wall of the
womb next to the placenta. In this way, oxygen and foodstuff pass from the mother’s
blood to the baby’s blood through the placenta, and carbon dioxide and other excretory
products pass from the baby’s blood to the mother’s blood. The baby is entirely
dependent upon the mother and the placenta for survival.
TERJEMAHAN:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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English for Nurses

Intern : does your elbow still hurt, Indra?

Mother : Yes, it does

Intern : can you feel this when I put it in your hand?

Intern : Now, shake my hand, as hard as you can….that’s it ………..let’s take a

Mother : can we do that there?

I. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. Why did Indra’s mother come to see a doctor?

English for Nurses 1

SOME WARDS AND DEPARTMENTS

Medical Ward ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Orthopaedic Ward ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

Genecological Ward …………………………………………………………………………………………….

Paediatric Ward ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

E.N.T ward …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Long-Stay Ward …………………………………………………………………………………………………….

X-Ray Department ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Operating Theatre ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Casualty and Emergency (or Unit) (or Accident Emergency Department)

Central Sterile Supply Department …………………………………………………………………………..

Out-Patient Clinic ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Maternity Unit ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Occupational Therapy Department ………………………………………………………………………….

Antenatal Clinic ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Psychiatric Unit ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Admission Department ……………………………………………………………………………………………

Infectious Disease Unit …………………………………………………………………………………………..

English for Nurses 2

Anaesthetic Room ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

NOUN (PROFESSIONS) NOUN (SCIENCE) ADJECTIVE

B. WHO DOES WHAT?

Someone who studies and practices radiology is radiologist

Someone who studies and practices color colour

English for Nurses 3

Sheet ( ) 1. This covers the bed to keep off the dust

English for Nurses 4

Bedspread ( ) 8. A mechanical device for lifting and moving patients

THE EXPLETIVE (SUBJECT/OBJECT) “THERE” DAN “IT”

English for Nurses 5

1\ “There” + be + (pro) noun + expression of place

B. Expletive “It” is often found in the following construction

English for Nurses 6

English for Nurses 7

3# Anticipatory “It” (meaning “precede”)

English for Nurses 8

English for Nurses 9

English for Nurses 10

1. Where does Jane Johnson work?

English for Nurses 11

1. The long term result of an illness or treatment ( )

English for Nurses 12

tissue of the body. ( ) o. diagnosis

pharmacist cure physical nourishing work out

1. Candy and potato chips are not examples of …………………………….food.

prescription fit benefit symptom treatment

English for Nurses 13

7. You can stay ………………………………….. by following a regular program of exercise.

emergency illness patients research scientific

EXERCISE : Word Families