Thermal Insulation For Cold Service: Functional Specification

Eni S.p.A.
Exploration & Production Division
FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
THERMAL INSULATION FOR

COLD SERVICE
03652.VAR.GEN.FUN
Rev. 1
December 2007
1 General Revision Tecnomare MECC Motti Dec.07

0 Issue STIN STIN STIN May.88
REV. DESCRIZIONE COMP: VERIF: APPR: DATA
Il presente documento è RISERVATO ed è di proprietà di ENI E&P. Esso non sarà mostrato a Terzi né sarà utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali è stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of ENI E&P. It shall neither be shown to Third Parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
Eni S.p.A. 03653.VAR.GEN.FUN
Rev. 1 December 2007
Exploration & Production Division Sheet 2 di 44
FOREWORD
Rev. 0 40 Sheets
May 1988
Issue
Rev. 1 44 Sheets
December 2007
General Revision
Structure of the document completely revised in accordance with

procedures 14044.VAR.GEN.RWP and 14045.VAR.GEN.RWP
Added reference to various codes and standards
Revised thermal and phisical properties of insulation materials and

updated reference normative
Added new insulation material: flexible elastomeric foam with relevant

installation details
Added new finishing materials: stainless steel and non metallic jacketing
Added paragraphs “Ergonomics”, “Safety” and “Documentation” in

accordance with procedures 14044.VAR.GEN.RWP and
14045.VAR.GEN.RWP
Updated and revised requirements for quality management and quality

assurance
Rev. 1 May 2007
CONTENTS
1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.2 Normative references
1.2.1 European normative references
1.2.2 Normative references of ISO, IEC and national organizations
1.2.3 Normative references of other organizations
1.2.4 Legislation
1.2.5 Internal normative references
2 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 Definitions
2.2 Operative environment
2.3 Functional requirements
2.3.1 Extent of the insulation

2.3.1.1 General
2.3.1.2 Piping to be insulated
2.3.1.3 Tanks and equipment to be insulated
2.3.2 Materials
2.3.2.1 General
2.3.2.2 Polyurethane (PUR) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams
2.3.2.3 Cellular glass
2.3.2.4 Flexible elastomeric foam
2.3.2.5 Finishing materials
2.3.2.6 Accessories
2.3.2.7 Application range for insulation materials
2.3.3 Insulation supports

2.3.3.1 General
2.3.3.2 Piping supports rings
2.3.3.3 Piping supports insulation
2.3.3.4 Equipment
2.3.3.5 Tanks
2.3.4 Application prescriptions

2.3.4.1 General
Rev. 1 May 2007
2.3.4.2 Prescription for the Contractor
2.3.5 Application of preformed cellular glass and polyurethane insulations

on piping, equipment and tanks
2.3.5.1 Piping with single layer thermal insulation
2.3.5.2 Piping with multi-layer thermal insulation
2.3.5.3 The filling of the gaps
2.3.5.4 Flanges, valves and special parts
2.3.5.5 The equipment and tank shell
2.3.5.6 Equipment heads
2.3.5.7 Equipment bases
2.3.5.8 Miscellaneous details
2.3.5.9 Vapour barrier for piping, equipment and tanks
2.3.5.10 Expansion joints
2.3.5.11 External finish
2.3.6 Application of flexible elastomeric foam insulation on piping

2.3.6.1 Pipes
2.3.6.2 Valves and flanges
2.3.7 Application of polyurethane insulation by casting

2.3.7.1 General
2.3.7.2 Characteristics of the materials
2.3.7.3 Spacers
2.3.7.4 Finishing sheet
2.3.7.5 Application of the foam
2.3.8 Insulation thickness

2.3.8.1 Calculation of the thickness
2.3.8.2 Data necessary for calculation
2.4 Ergonomics
2.5 Safety
2.6 Requirements for Quality Management and Quality Assurance
2.6.1 General
2.6.2 Measurements
2.6.3 Inspection and testing

2.6.3.1 Inspection of materials
2.6.3.2 Pre-Insulation inspection
2.6.3.3 Inspection during installation of insulation system
2.6.3.4 Final inspection and release
2.6.3.5 Testing
2.6.4 Guarantees
Rev. 1 May 2007
2.7 Documentation
3 SUPPLEMENTARY ELEMENTS
3.1 Appendix A: drawings
Rev. 1 May 2007
1 GENERAL
This specification describes the general requirements of the Client, the

materials to be used, as well as the procedures to be followed for the
supply and installation of insulation on piping, tanks and equipment for
cold service.
For cold service it is intended the service in which the operating
temperature, which is to be maintained, is lower than ambient
temperature.
In additional, the present specification covers personnel protection
requirement when the surface temperature of the items is to be higher
than -10°C for safety reasons.
Any modification to the requirements stated in this specification shall be
approved by the Client and quoted in the Contract.
1.1 Scope
The following scopes are envisaged:

• definition of the extent of the insulations.
• Specifications for the construction and installation of insulation
supports and anchorage.
• Specifications for the insulation installation systems.
• Definition of the inspection and testing.
1.2 Normative references
Insulation systems and materials shall be in accordance with the

following standards:
1.2.1 European normative references
EN 11925-2 Reaction to fire tests - ignitability of building

products subjected to direct impingement of
flame - part 2: single-flame source test
EN 12086 Thermal-insulating products for building

applications
EN 13469 Thermal insulating products for building

equipment and industrial installations -
Determination of water vapour transmission
properties of preformed pipe insulation
EN 13501 Fire classification of construction products and

building elements - Part 1: Classification using
data from reaction to fire tests
Rev. 1 May 2007
EN 13823 Reaction to fire tests for building products -

Building products excluding floorings exposed
to the thermal attack by a single burning item
EN ISO 8497 Thermal insulation – Determination of steady

state thermal transmission properties of
thermal insulation for circular pipes
EN ISO 10456 Buildings materials and products –

Procedures for determining declared and
design thermal values
1.2.2 Normative references of ISO, IEC and national organizations
IMO Res. A.653 (16) Recommendations on improved fire tests

procedures for surface flammability of
bulkhead, ceiling and deck finish materials
IMO Res. MSC 61 (67) International Code for the Application of Fire
Test Procedure. Annex 1. Part 2 – Smoke and
Toxicity Test and Part 5 – Surface
Flammability Test
ISO 37 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic –

determination of tensile stress-strain
properties
ISO 12241 Thermal insulation for building equipment and

industrial installation – Calculation rules
ISO 5660-1 Reaction-to-fire-test – Heat release, smokes

production and mass loss rate – Part 1: heat
release rate (cone calorimeter method)
UNI Norm 6665/88 Superfici coibentate. Metodi di misurazione
1.2.3 Normative references of other organizations
ASTM A653 Standard specification for steel sheet, zinc

coated (galvanized) or zinc-iron alloy-coated
(galvannealed) by the hot-dip process
ASTM B209 Standard specification for aluminium and

aluminium-alloy sheet and plate
Rev. 1 May 2007
ASTM C177 Standard test method for steady state heat

flux measurements and thermal transmission
properties by means of the guarded-hot-plate
apparatus

transfer properties of horizontal pipe insulation

flux measurements and thermal transmission
properties by means of the heat flow meter
apparatus
ASTM C534 Standard specification for preformed

elastomeric cellular thermal insulation in sheet
and tubular form
ASTM C552 Standard specification for cellular glass

thermal insulation
ASTM C591 Standard specification for unfaced preformed

rigid polyisocyanurate thermal insulation
ASTM C680 Standard practice for estimate of the heat gain

or loss and the surface temperatures of
insulated flat, cylindrical, and spherical
systems by use of computer programs
ASTM C692 Standard test method for evaluating the

influence of thermal insulation on external
stress corrosion cracking tendency of
austenitic stainless steel
ASTM C795 Standard specification for thermal insulation

for use in contact with austenitic stainless
steel
ASTM C871 Standard test methods for chemical analysis

of thermal insulation materials for leachable
chloride, fluoride, silicate and sodium ions
ASTM C1094 Standard guide for flexible removable

insulation covers
ASTM D3014 Standard test method for flame height, time of

burning, and loss of mass of rigid thermoset
cellular plastics in a vertical position
Rev. 1 May 2007
ASTM E84 Standard test methods for surface burning

characteristics of building materials
ASTM E96 Standard test method for water vapour

transmission of materials
NACE RP0198 The control of corrosion under thermal

insulation and fireproofing materials
NORSOK R-004 Piping and equipment insulation
1.2.4 Legislation
Legge 27 marzo 1992 Norme relative alla cessazione dell’impiego

No. 257 dell’amianto
Legge 28 dicembre Misure a tutela dell’ozono stratosferico e

1993 No. 549 dell’ambiente
Legge 16 giugno 1997 Modifiche alla legge 28 dicembre 1993, No.

No. 179 549, recante misure a tutela dell’ozono
stratosferico
Reg. (CE) 2037/2000 Regolamento del Parlamento europeo e del

Consiglio del 29 giugno 2000 sulle sostanze
che riducono lo strato di ozono
Reg. (CE) 2077/2004 Regolamento della Commisione del 3

dicembre 2004 che modifica il Regolamento
(CE) 2037/2000 del Parlamento europeo e del
Consiglio per quanto riguarda gli agenti di
fabbricazione
The legislation of Country other than Italy shall be considered.
1.2.5 Internal normative references
07022.EQP.MEC.STD Vessel insulation supports
07318.EQP.MEC.STD Fixed roof tanks – Insulation rings support
Rev. 1 May 2007
2 FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
2.1 Definitions
In this specification, the following terms have been used:

Client / Company: the bidding Company.
Contractor: the firm charged to carry out the works.
Supplier: the firm which undertakes to supply materials or equipment.
Piping: pipes with a maximum diameter of 36” (900 mm), and small
vessels with a diameter up to 24” (600 mm).
Equipment: the columns, the horizontal and vertical vessels with a
diameter that exceeds 24” (600 mm), reactors, exchangers and pipes
with a diameter that exceeds 36” (900 mm).
Storage tanks: vertical storage tanks operating at atmospheric
pressure.
Machinery: compressors, turbines, pumps, filters etc.
Blowing agent: the chemical agent, added to the polyurethane foam,
which provides the gas creating the expansion of the foam.
2.2 Operative environment
The choice of the insulation materials and insulation thicknesses shall

be based on the environmental conditions of the installation site,
defined by the documents issued for the specific project.
The following factors are to be considered:
• minimum and maximum air temperature
• Minimum operating temperature of piping and equipments
• Minimum design temperature of piping and equipment (to define
temperature limit of application of a defined insulation material)
• Average wind speed
• Materials with which insulation is in contact
• Presence of corrosive substances
• Fire risk
• Moisture formation
2.3 Functional requirements
2.3.1 Extent of the insulation
2.3.1.1 General
The installation of thermal insulation on piping, tanks and equipment

aims the following scopes:
• the limiting of the energy loss.
• The maintaining of the surface temperature of piping, equipment
and tanks at a pre-established value.
Rev. 1 May 2007
• The avoidance of condensation or the formation of ice on

surfaces at a temperature lower than ambient temperature.
• The maintaining of a fluid at service temperature in cold
operation facilities.
2.3.1.2 Piping to be insulated
The pipes to be insulated shall be indicated in the mechanical drawings

and detailed engineering documents. In case of conflict between the
two above-mentioned standards, the P&I diagram shall govern.
In particular, the following shall be insulated:
• piping which requires insulation for process reasons
• Piping where the operating temperature is lower than the
average atmospheric temperature, in order to avoid moisture
condensation.
The insulation shall also be extended to all the flanged connections,
valves, special parts and blind branches and to the supports to the
extent of at least 4 times the insulation thickness.
2.3.1.3 Tanks and equipment to be insulated
The tanks and equipment to be insulated shall be indicated in the

construction drawings of the individual items.
In particular, the following shall be insulated:
• the tanks and equipment requiring insulation for process reasons
• The tanks and equipment where it is necessary to prevent
moisture condensation.
The insulation shall also be extended to the nozzle, the flanges, the
manholes and the special parts belonging to the tank or to the
equipment, to all the tank and equipment supports as well as to the
connections of steps, gangways, valves, etc., to the extent of at least 4
times the insulation thickness.
2.3.2 Materials
2.3.2.1 General
In this chapter, are listed and described - according to their field of

application - the insulating materials, the finishing materials and the
fittings which shall be used for cold insulation:
• Preformed polyurethane / polyisocyanurate resin in accordance
with ASTM C591 for on-shore and off-shore pipelines
• Preformed polyurethane / polyisocyanurate resin in accordance
with ASTM C591 for on-shore and off-shore equipment
• Polyurethane / polyisocyanurate resin casting in accordance with
ASTM C591 for on-shore equipment and piping
Rev. 1 May 2007
• Cellular glass for piping and equipment in accordance with

ASTM C552 for on-shore and off-shore equipment.
• Preformed flexible elastomeric cellular insulation in accordance
with ASTM C534 for on-shore and off-shore piping
Other materials may be used, provided that they are agreed upon by
the Client and included in the Contract.
2.3.2.2 Polyurethane (PUR) and polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams
The insulating product shall be in accordance with the ASTM C591

Type II, with the following characteristics:
• minimum operating temperature: -190°C.
• Minimum density: 45 kg/m2.
• Thermal conductivity at a temperature of +20°C (ma ximum
value): initial 0.022 W/mK, after aging 0.025 W/mK (tested
according to ASTM C177).
• Compressive resistance in all directions (minimum value): 240
kPa.
• Closed cell content (minimum percentage): 90%.
• Water vapour transmission at 23°C and 85% R.H. (ma ximum
2
value), according to ASTM E96: 30±5 g/m in 24h.
• Minimum fire resistance characteristics: according to ASTM E 84
flame spread index < 25, smoke developed index < 200 (in
alternative materials can be classified as class E according to EN
13501 / EN 11925-2); weight retention 90% (ASTM D3014).
For offshore applications materials shall be tested in accordance
with IMO Res. A653 (16) and IMO Res. MSC 61(67) Annex 1
Part 2 and 5.
In any case in countries different than Italy, local laws shall be
taken into account.
• Leachable halides: 90 ppm max according to ASTM C871 (in any
case in accordance with ASTM C795 for use in contact with
austenitic stainless steel).
• Blowing agents to be in accordance with Legge No. 549/1993
(and following modifications of Legge No. 179/1997) and with
Regolamento (CE) 2037/2000 (and following modifications of
Regolamento (CE) 2077/2004).
2.3.2.3 Cellular glass
All cellular glass cutting and shaping shall be carried out in the factory.
Insulation material shall be in accordance to ASTM C552 with the
following amendments:
• minimum density: 125 kg/m3.
Rev. 1 May 2007
• Maximum thermal conductivity at average temperature tested in

accordance with ASTM C177 or C518 for ASTM C552 Type I
and ASTM C335 for ASTM C552 Type II (or in alternative in
accordance to EN ISO 10456):
0.027 W/mK @ -200°C
0.029 W/mK @ -150°C
0.031 W/mK @ -100°C
0.036 W/mK @ -50°C
0.037 W/mK @ -20°C
0.042 W/mK @ 0°C
0.044 W/mK @ 20°C
0.049 W/mK @ 50°C.
• Minimum operating temperature: -196°C.
• Average compressive strength shall not be less than 490 kPa.
• Water vapour transmission: 0 (ASTM E 96 or in alternative EN
13496 / EN 12086).
• Linear coefficient of thermal expansion: 8.5 x 10-6 / °C.
• Fire resistance properties: class A1 in accordance with EN
13501 (or in alternative: maximum flame spread index 5 and
smoke developed index 0 in accordance with ASTM E 84).
For offshore applications, materials shall be tested in accordance
with IMO Res. A653 (16) and IMO Res. MSC 61(67) Annex 1
Part 2 and 5.
taken into account.
• Percentage of closed cell: 100%.
• Insulation material shall not contain any leachable halides
(tested in accordance with ASTM C871).
2.3.2.4 Flexible elastomeric foam
Flexible elastomeric foam shall not be used for fireproofing purposes

even if in combination with other fireproofing materials.
Flexible elastomeric foam shall be closed cell type and shall be in
accordance to ASTM C534 with the following amendments:
• insulation to be used in contact with austenitic stainless steel
shall be ASTM C534 Type III (halogen free) or equivalent, in any
case in accordance with ASTM C795.
• Minimum density: 50 kg/m3.
Rev. 1 May 2007
• Maximum thermal conductivity at average temperature tested in

accordance with ASTM C177 or C518 for sheets and ASTM
C335 for tubes (or in alternative in accordance with EN ISO
8497):
0.023 W/mK @ -100°C
0.028 W/mK @ -50°C
0.036 W/mK @ -20°C
0.037 W/mK @ -10°C
0.038 W/mK @ 0°C
0.040 W/mK @ 20°C
0.042 W/mK @ 40°C
0.045 W/mK @ 60°C.
• Minimum operating temperature: -196°C (Type III sh all not be
applied below -70°C, if not otherwise suggested by Supplier).
• Minimum fire resistance characteristics: class B, s3, d0 and class
E, s3, d0 for halogen free type (reference norms EN 13501 / EN
13823). For offshore applications materials shall be tested in
accordance with IMO Res. A653 (16) and IMO Res. MSC 61(67)
Annex 1 Part 2 and 5.
taken into account.
• Water vapour diffusion resistance factor: µ ≥ 3000 in accordance
with EN 12086.
2.3.2.5 Finishing materials
The finishing materials shall be as follows:

a) for on-shore applications: smooth aluminium sheet, in
accordance with ASTM B209, 3060 H 16, with the following
minimum thickness:
0.6 mm for pipes with ∅ ≤ 24" with preformed insulation
0.8 mm for pipes with ∅ > 24" with preformed insulation
0.8 mm for equipment with preformed insulation
0.8 mm for pipes with ∅ ≤ 24" with cast insulation
1.0 mm for pipes with ∅ > 24" with cast insulation
1.0 mm for equipment with cast insulation
0.8 mm for tanks, corrugated type, pitch 64, with 32 mm depth
with preformed insulation
1.2 mm for tanks, smooth with casting.
b) For off-shore applications: as for point a), except the material
that shall be in accordance with ASTM B-209 ALLOY 1060 H 14.
c) For on/off-shore applications: for the insulated surfaces where
fireproofing insulation is required, steel sheet, zinc-coated
(Galvanized) by the hot-dip process shall be used, in accordance
with ASTM A653 with minimum thickness as specified below:
0.5 mm smooth type for piping
0.7 mm smooth type for equipment
0.7 mm corrugated type, pitch 64, depth 32 mm for tanks.
Rev. 1 May 2007
d) For on/off-shore applications alternative materials should be:

stainless steel sheet type AISI 316 (AISI 304 can be used for on-
shore applications) and shall be painted for off-shore
applications. Minimum recommended thickness:
0.5 mm for piping ∅ ≤ 24"
0.7 mm for piping ∅ > 24"
0.7 mm for equipment.
e) Non metallic jacketing: for pipe insulation, a non metallic
jacketing may be used instead of metallic jacketing except for
fireproofing purposes.
Non metallic jacketing shall be in accordance with the following
requirements:
o flame spread/surface flammability: self extinguishing in
accordance with IMO Resolution A-653 (16).
o Smoke and toxicity: tested in accordance with IMO MSC
61 (67) Annex 1 Part 2.
o Aging: materials shall be tested in accordance with a test
proposed by the Supplier and approved by the Client.
Results shall be subject to the Client for approval.
o Tensile strength ≥ 4.5 MPa: tested in accordance with ISO
37.
o Elongation at break ≥ 10%: tested in accordance with ISO
37.
o Water vapour diffusion resistance factor µ ≥ 50000: tested
in accordance with EN 12086.
o Decomposition: the material shall not decompose at
temperatures from -45°C to 75°C.
Based on tests results from fire characteristics, which shall be
given to the Client, the material can be subject to application
restrictions. Any possible shrinkage or temperature instability of
the non metallic jacketing shall be documented.
2.3.2.6 Accessories
All accessories for perfect execution of work according to workmanship

criteria shall be used, especially:
a) annealed and galvanized iron wire, recommended diameters: 1
mm and 1.5 mm.
b) Metal straps in stainless steel AISI 316 (AISI 304 can be used
for on-shore applications) for finishing with aluminium and
stainless steel sheets, and in zinc-coated (Galvanized) steel for
finishing with electroplated sheet. Recommended minimum
dimensions: 12x0.6, 18x0.6 mm for pipes and equipment, and
24x0.6 mm for tanks.
Rev. 1 May 2007
c) Strap clamps.
d) Self-threading screws in stainless steel AISI 316 (AISI 304 can
be used for on-shore applications) for finishing in aluminium
sheet, and in bi-chromium-plated steel for finishing in
electroplated steel sheet.
e) Glass gauze comprising a fibreglass warp with a minimum
weight of 50 g/m2, and a transversal weft for reinforcement.
f) Glass mesh of 1 mm with 0.3 mm diameter strains (strings). This
is an alternative to a glass gauze.
g) Pipe-joint putty composed of an organic mastic to be used as a
sealing agent for all joints.
h) Abrasion-resistant mastic to be used as an anti-abrasive
protection layer between the various preformed layers of cellular
glass or similar material that is in contact with the piping.
i) Waterproof mastic formed by a coating of asphalt mastic serving
as a vapour barrier.
l) Low-density mineral insulating fibre or fibreglass blanket with a
20 mm thickness, to be compressed on assembly to a thickness
of 10 mm.
m) Other used types of glues, adhesives, marine silicones, anti-
abrasives etc. shall be in accordance to the insulation Supplier’s
recommendations.
2.3.2.7 Application range for insulation materials
The following table summarize the application range for above

mentioned insulation materials:
Insulation Materials Min. Piping Equipment and Tanks

operating
temperat.
Onshore Offshore Onshore Offshore
Cellular Glass -196°C X X X X
Preformed
Polyurethane and -190°C X X X X
Polyisocyanurate
Casting Polyurethane
-190°C X X
and Polyisocyanurate
-196°C
Flexible Elastomeric (-70°C
X X
Foam halogen
free type)
Rev. 1 May 2007
2.3.3 Insulation supports
2.3.3.1 General
The insulation supports, where required, shall be supplied and erected

by the Contractor for the piping, and by the Client for the equipment
and tanks.
The support rings shall not coincide with stub pipes, connections or
other impediments.
2.3.3.2 Piping support rings
The support rings shall be made as indicated in fig. 1 Appendix A.

These must be installed every 4 meters as minimum along the vertical
piping when the height of the insulation exceeds 4 meters, starting from
the base.
2.3.3.3 Piping supports insulation
The piping supports shall be insulated in order to avoid any thermal

bridge. Thermal insulation shall conform to indications in fig. 2
Appendix A, or, alternatively, shall be in accordance with the standards
defined by the executor of the engineering detail, subject to the Client's
approval.
2.3.3.4 Equipment
The support rings shall be manufactured as indicated in the

07022.EQP.MEC.STD, and the execution of the coating shall be in
accordance with indications in fig. 8 Appendix A, or, alternatively, be in
accordance with the standards defined by the executor of the
engineering detail, subject to the Client's approval.
2.3.3.5 Tanks
The support rings shall be manufactured in accordance with

07318.EQP.MEC.STD, or, alternatively, according to the standard
defined by the executor of the engineering detail, subject to the Client's
approval.
Rev. 1 May 2007
2.3.4 Application prescriptions
2.3.4.1 General
Before commencing the insulation works, the Contractor shall check

that the surface conditions are in accordance with the Client's
requirements.
Should there be no specific instructions, the Contractor is obliged to
clean the surfaces and render them free of slag, rust, traces of oil or
anything else that might damage the thermal coating material.
2.3.4.2 Prescription for the Contractor
The Contractor shall respect the following prescriptions:

a) conditions for the work commencement: the application of
insulations shall begin when the equipment, the piping, the
interception devices, the measuring instruments etc. are
completely assembled and tested.
b) Cleaning of the surfaces to be insulated: after the erection of the
supports and prior the application of the insulations, it is
necessary to check that all surfaces are perfectly clean and dry.
c) Name plates: it is imperative to ensure that the equipment name
plates containing the construction and testing data are not
covered by the insulation or by the exterior finish, or become
damaged in any way. When their position does not permit a
simple interruption of the covering, agreements shall be made
with the Client for the adoption of the most suitable solution.
d) Templates: in those areas where the insulation must be
interrupted, e.g. to coincide with supports, gangways, manholes,
inspection hatches etc., the finishing shall be executed with box-
window templates in laminated sheet of the same thickness as
that used for the covering, and sealed against infiltrations.
e) Cleaning of the work area: the Contractor is responsible for the
cleaning of the work area as the installation of the insulations
proceeds.
f) Welding: no welding, for the fixing of scaffolding concerning the
laying of the insulations shall be carried out by the Contractor on
the piping, tanks, and equipment, except when explicitly
authorized by the Client in writing.
g) In case of insulation of equipment, supports, skirts and legs
welded directly onto the equipment shall be insulated with the
same thickness of insulating material as the equipment itself.
Rev. 1 May 2007
h) Where non-metallic finish is to be applied over insulation system,

this shall be installed in accordance with manufacturers’
instructions, For application of metal finish refer to paragraph
2.3.5.11.
2.3.5 Application of preformed cellular glass and polyurethane insulations on

piping, equipment and tanks
2.3.5.1 Piping with single layer thermal insulation
The insulation shall be carried out by means of dry application of pipe

covering or shaped segments for the piping, and sheets or shaped
segments for equipment or tanks, with all the joints staggered.
Each joint shall be made to correspond exactly and the seal shall be
ensured by a layer of plastic sealing which shall be applied to the
surfaces in contact with the joint.
The corners of the sheets or shaped segments, should they be
chambered or rounded, shall be carefully squared-up prior to laying.
The layer of plastic sealing shall be sufficient to guarantee the
adherence, the hold and the elasticity of the joint (suggested surface
2
density roughly 1.5 kg/m and in any case in accordance with Supplier’s
recommendations). The pipe covering and the shaped segments shall
be secured by means of stainless steel metal straps of minimum 12 x
0.6 mm.
The minimum distance between the bindings shall be fixed at 150 mm
(see fig. 3 Appendix A).
Should the piping be subject to excessive vibrations (e.g. suction or
delivery pipes of compressors) the insulation application, in the case of
cellular glass, shall be carried out using a thin sub-layer of abrasion-
resistant mastic.
The latter shall be suitable to the minimum operating temperature of
the piping.
An example of insulation application on vertical piping and fittings is
explained on fig. 5 Appendix A.
2.3.5.2 Piping with multi layer thermal insulation
When the thickness of the insulation is greater than 80 mm, the coating
shall be applied in multi-layers with all the joints staggered.
Each layer shall have a minimum thickness of 40 mm and be
approximately equal in thickness to the other layers.
The internal layers need dry application; care shall be exercised to
ensure that all the joints correspond perfectly. The insulation shall be
secured by means of stainless steel metal straps of minimum 12 x 0.6
mm.
The application of the external layer, on the other hand, shall be carried
out as indicated above under para. 2.3.5.1.
Rev. 1 May 2007
2.3.5.3 The filling of the gaps
Any gaps, holes or dents shall be entirely filled by using adapted

segments or by inserting pieces of insulation material held in place with
plastic sealing.
It is absolutely forbidden to fill in the gaps, holes and dents with plastic
sealing only.
2.3.5.4 Flanges, valves and special parts
The surplus length of the thermally insulated piping shall never be less
than 65 mm (see fig. 6 Appendix A). The insulation of flanges and
valves shall be suitable to be dismounted without damaging of the
adjacent thermal insulation and shall allow the removal of the tie-rods.
The empty spaces between the surfaces of a valve, a flange or a
special part shall be filled in and stopped up with staples of mineral
wool.
Should frequent inspection be necessary, the insulation may be
executed with removal jackets. This jacket can be rigid or flexible type:
• rigid insulation type shall be realized by means of removable
boxes as shown in fig. 7 Appendix A.
• Flexible insulation type shall be realized by means of a flexible
jacket in accordance with ASTM C1094. Flexible jacket shall be
composed of an inner flexible material suitable for cold insulation
systems (flexible elastomeric foam or other material approved by
the Client) and by an outer fiber glass cloth. This outer layer shall
be coated with a self extinguish silicone rubber. The flexible
removable jacket shall be wrapped around the fitting and fixed in
place using springs, clips or wires.
Other removable jacket can be proposed by the Contractor and subject
to Company approval.
2.3.5.5 The equipment and tank shell
The sheets and shaped segments shall be placed to lean against the
supports and horizontally anchored (and where necessary, also
vertically) by means of metal straps of minimum 18x0.6 mm, placed at
a distance of minimum 250 mm one from the other.
The maximum length of these straps shall not exceed 6 meters. Straps
of greater length shall be formed of several sections and closed by
means of screwed couplings. For the execution of flanged nozzles, see
fig. 12 Appendix A.
Rev. 1 May 2007
2.3.5.6 Equipment heads
The insulation shall be supported by metal straps hooked on one side

to two straps of minimum 18x0.6 mm, drawn over the shell, and on the
other side, to a reinforced concrete float-ring of 8 mm, which shall be
placed at the top of the head.
At the edge, the straps shall be at a maximum distance of 300 mm one
from the other.
When possible and convenient, the heads may be arranged as flat
surfaces as indicated in figs. 9 and 10 Appendix A. This application
shall be explicitly authorized by the Client each time the need arises.
2.3.5.7 Equipment bases
The sheets or shaped segments shall be anchored at their bottoms by

metal straps of minimum 18x0.6 mm hooked to their supports.
2.3.5.8 Miscellaneous details
Skirts, support legs and support saddles shall be insulated by the

methods indicated for the shells, at least for a section equal to 4 times
the insulation thickness, except where otherwise requested.
Skirts shall be insulated both internally and externally.
Examples of this application are indicated in fig. 11 Appendix A.
2.3.5.9 Vapour barrier for piping, equipment and tanks
On the external surface of the insulation executed as specified in the

previous paragraphs, products acting as a vapour barrier shall be
applied, as indicated in paragraph 2.3.2.6.
The application procedure shall be as follows:
• a first generous coat of waterproof mastic, applied with a brush
(1.5 ÷ 2.5 kg/m2).
• A layer of film or glass fibre (preferably pre-tarred).
• A second generous coat of waterproof mastic applied with a
brush (2.5 ÷ 3.5 kg/m2), which shall render the external surface
smooth and uniform.
Other types of vapour barrier can be proposed by the Contractor and
subject to Client approval.
Vapour barrier shall be suitable for the range of temperatures to which
it will be exposed and the water vapour permeability shall be declared
to the Client. If there is a likelihood of the process the vapour barrier
shall be chemically resistant to such fluids.
Vapour sealing shall be compatible with the type of insulation applied
and shall be tested in accordance to ASTM E84. Results of the test in
terms of flame spread index and smoke developed shall be submitted
to the Client for approval.
Rev. 1 May 2007
2.3.5.10 Expansion joint
Expansion joints shall be envisaged on linear piping every 10 ÷ 12 m or

where the piping arrangement so requires. On vertical piping these
joints shall envisaged on insulation anchors.
The joints shall be executed following these recommendations:
• single-layer insulation: the joints shall be filled with mineral fibre
and then the vapour barrier shall be applied.
• Multi-layer insulation: the joints on the individual layers shall be
staggered reciprocally. Every joint shall be filled with mineral
fibre and on the joint of the external layer the vapour barrier will
subsequently be applied.
• Cryogenic systems: only in case of cryogenic temperatures, the
Supplier may choose the erection procedure of circumferential
expansion joints, if deemed necessary.
The details are indicated in fig. 4 Appendix A.
For the shells of the equipment and tanks, an expansion joint under
every insulation support shall be envisaged (see fig. 8 Appendix A).
2.3.5.11 External finishing
Above the vapour barrier, a 15 ÷ 20 mm fibre glass or rock wool blanket

shall be applied. This blanket shall not be included in the calculation of
the thickness specified for the insulation.
On top of the blanket, compressed to a thickness of 10 mm, a finishing
sheet shall be applied which shall be duly calendered and flanged.
The finishing sheet characteristics shall be in accordance with that
indicated in paragraph 2.3.2.5, and the overlapping shall be at least 50
mm, on both the longitudinal and circumferential joints.
The overlapping shall, however, be such as to allow the drainage of
rainwater.
In the case of unusual penetrations and when possible infiltration may
occur, sealing putties shall be used in order to guarantee a perfect seal.
The sheets shall be held in place with stainless-steel self-threading
screws or rivets placed at a distance of minimum 150 mm one from
another, and/or with stainless steel straps of minimum 18 x 0.6 mm.
Non metallic jacketing can be used in lieu of metallic finish subject to
Client approval. In that case additional layer of fiber glass / rock wool is
not necessary.
Rev. 1 May 2007
2.3.6 Application of flexible elastomeric foam insulation on piping
2.3.6.1 Pipes
Flexible elastomeric foam is generally used with non metallic jacketing.

Insulation material with pre-applied non metallic jacket can be
accepted. The non metallic jacket shall be in accordance with the
insulation Supplier’s recommendations and shall be applied following
the Supplier’s instructions. Thermal expansion of insulation shall be
taken into account installing the jacketing.
Flexible elastomeric foam insulation shall be pre-formed tubular
sections for pipe sizes of 6” and less. On pipes larger than 6” sheet
insulation shall be used. Sheet insulation shall not be stretched around
the pipe.
Elbows, tees, flanges, valves and other fittings shall be insulated with
pre-fabricated covers and the edges of the external finish shall be
overlapped and sealed to the external finish of adjacent pipe insulation
(see paragraph 2.3.6.2 too).
When the thickness of the thermal insulation is greater than 80 mm, the
insulation shall be applied in several layers with all the joints staggered.
Each layer shall have a minimum thickness of 30 mm and be
approximately equal in thickness to the other layers.
Insulation material shall not be compressed at joints, studs, columns,
hangers etc.
Insulation shall be adhered circumferentially to the pipe at each butt
end of tube or sheet product.
During installation all the joints of the insulation shall be sealed with
rubberised contact adhesive, in accordance with insulation Supplier’s
recommendation; the adhesive shall be suitable for the operating
temperature of the piping. Insulation with pre-applied adhesive is not
recommended. A brush coating of adhesive shall be applied to both
butt ends to be joined and to both slit surfaces to be sealed.
All joints on the external polymeric jacket shall be sealed with suitable
sealant (in accordance to Supplier’s recommendations) and shall have
a minimum of 40 mm overlap. Contact adhesive shall be applied to
both surfaces of the overlap joints.
The insulation materials and the external jacketing shall be installed in
such a way that water does not enter the insulation material or between
the insulation and the pipe surface during design life.
Seams shall be staggered when applying multiple layers of insulation.
See an example of application onto pipe in fig. 13 Appendix A.
Rev. 1 May 2007
2.3.6.2 Valves and flanges
Where fixed insulation is required for flanges and valves, insulation

material shall be flexible elastomeric foam. Where removable insulation
is required, this can be rigid or flexible type:
• rigid type insulation shall be realized by means of removable
boxes as shown in fig. 7 Appendix A.
• flexible type insulation shall be realized by means of a flexible
jacket according to ASTM C1094. The jacket shall be composed
of an inner insulation material in flexible elastomeric foam and by
an outer fiber glass cloth. This outer layer shall be coated with a
self extinguish silicone rubber. The flexible removable jacket
shall be wrapped around the fitting and fixed in place using
springs, clips or wires.
Other removable jacket can be proposed by the Contractor and subject
to Company approval.
2.3.7 Application of polyurethane insulation by casting
2.3.7.1 General
The application of foamed polyurethane shall be performed by means

of a casting machine, by mixing - according to the proportions
recommended by the Suppliers - the various components (polyhydric
alcohol, isocyanate and blowing agent) which shall be maintained at a
constant temperature for a uniform reactivity.
2.3.7.2 Characteristics of the materials
The characteristics of the end product after application of polyurethane

by casting shall be in accordance with indications in paragraph 2.3.2.2,
possible deviations shall be allowed if approved by the Client.
2.3.7.3 Spacers
a) Piping: it is necessary to place - at a distance of every linear

meter - suitable spacers with the same thickness as the required
insulation, and subsequently the finishing sheet shall be applied.
These spacers shall be made of polyurethane and obtained from
press or cut from a block with the same characteristics as the
final foam obtained after casting.
Rev. 1 May 2007
b) Equipment: on the equipment shall be placed vertical spacers of

the same thickness as the required insulation in order to
delineate the casting spaces, depending on the capacity of the
foam-making machine.
2.3.7.4 Finishing sheet
The finishing sheets shall be assembled as described for the

installation of preformed insulations. On these sheets, suitable holes
shall be made for casting and for breathing, such as to ensure the total
filling of the interspaces. These holes shall, in their turn, be closed by
means of suitable plugs and finishing templates, and suitably sealed.
2.3.7.5 Application of the foam
The foam shall be introduced through the casting holes which shall be
positioned in such a way as to guarantee the complete filling of the
interspaces. The filling of each individual interspace must not take more
than 30 seconds, and in all events shall be guaranteed by the emission
of foam from the relief-holes.
The works regarding the polyurethane foam shall be interrupted in
precarious weather conditions.
The Contractor shall carry out the work according to the
recommendations indicated by the Supplier of the insulating materials.
2.3.8 Insulation thickness
2.3.8.1 Calculation of the thickness
The insulation thickness shall be calculated for each system by means

of special calculation programs (in accordance with ISO 12241 or other
standard approved by the Company, in alternative ASTM C680 can be
used) based on the following considerations:
a) the need to keep the energy loss within certain optimal economic
values (general case).
By the "insulation economic thickness" is meant the thickness
above which the increased cost of the insulation is not amortized
by the related energy saving.
b) The need for the surface temperature to be higher than -10°C for
the personnel safety.
c) The need to keep the increase of temperature within certain
process limits.
For the calculation of thicknesses, thermal conductivity coefficients
shall be included increased by a coefficient equal to 10 - 15% of the
value of the same, and depending on the type of insulation.
Rev. 1 May 2007
For the piping, the thickness shall be calculated by applying the formula
for cylindrical walls and shall be tabulated in diameters ranging 1/2"
and 36". For pipes with lesser diameters than 1 ½”, thicknesses equal
to those calculated for 1 ½” shall be adopted. For pipes with a diameter
of over 36", thicknesses equal to those calculated for equipment shall
be adopted.
For equipment and tanks, the thicknesses shall be calculated by
applying the formula for flat walls.
The thicknesses calculated as explained above, shall always be net of
protective covering and shall be quoted in the lists attached to the work
specifications for each job.
2.3.8.2 Data necessary for calculation
The data necessary for the calculation of the thicknesses, depending

on the scope of insulation are as follows:
a) case described under point 2.3.8.1 a)
o type of thermal insulation material
o type of jacket material
o dimensions of the equipment to be insulated
o cost of the energy
o cost of the insulation
o annual operating hours
o amortization period (in years)
o interest rate
o annual average atmospheric temperature
o average wind speed.
b) Case described under point 2.3.8.1 b)
o minimum surface temperature allowed (-10°C)
o maximum average ambient temperature
c) Case described under point 2.3.8.1 c):
o process requirements (e.g. maximum allowed increase of
process temperature)
o maximum average ambient temperature
Insulation thickness depends from above mentioned parameters and
shall be calculated case by case.
Calculated thickness shall be approved by the Company.
Rev. 1 May 2007
2.4 Ergonomics
The insulation system shall be installed in way:

• to not obstruct escape ways and walk ways.
• To observe operative requirements.
• To be accessible for safety and maintenance operations.
2.5 Safety
All supplied materials shall be in accordance to this specification in

terms of fire resistance. Provided documentation shall include
assessment of fire and toxic hazard.
Insulation materials shall be asbestos free in accordance to Italian Law
No. 257 - 27 March 1992 “Norme relative alla cessazione dell’impiego
dell’amianto”. The legislation of Country other than Italy shall be
considered.
Insulation for personnel protection shall be envisaged for piping,
equipment and machinery that normally are not insulated, but feature a
service temperature below -10°C (in any case this i tems should be
normally insulated in order to avoid water condensation and following
freezing of the moisture on piping as minimum). Said protection shall be
extended 60 cm horizontally and 210 cm vertically from operative areas
or gangways.
2.6 Requirements for Quality Management and Quality Assurance
2.6.1 General
The Contractor shall submit to Company a quality system manual. The

quality system shall include specific Quality Assurance/Quality Control
procedures for the work and test procedures for all materials.
The Quality Control procedure shall include an inspection and test plan
with references to all test procedures, number of samples, acceptance
criteria and frequency of test.
The Contractor shall provide facilities for the inspection of all materials
and application procedures before and during insulation work, up to the
contractual completion date.
Inspection shall be carried out during and after completion of any stage
and before commencement of the following stage, beginning with
material checks and ending with final performance check.
Rev. 1 May 2007
2.6.2 Measurements
Insulation measurements shall be carried out, when installation is

completed, in opposition to the Client’s and Contractor’s duties
according to the UNI Norm 6665/88. Any other measurement system,
for example, computerized, shall be agreed upon by the Parties and
transcribed on the Contract.
The results of the measurements shall be written on appropriate
documents in which the areas, positions or other elements which allow
the real identification of the measured surface must be sufficiently
individualized.
2.6.3 Inspection and testing
If the Contractor sub-contracts all or part of the works, in any case it

shall be his responsibility to ensure adequate inspection of insulation
installation of his sub-contractors.
2.6.3.1 Inspection of materials
Inspection of materials shall be performed either at the Supplier’s

workshop or in the field.
Laboratory test results for insulation materials obtained by independent
test laboratories shall be submitted to the Company prior to the
commencement of the work together with the data sheets,
Manufacturer’s instructions and method statement of the Contractor.
The material shall be delivered in multiple production batches; as
minimum one batch shall be subject to laboratory test at the Supplier’s
workshop and the test result submitted to the Company. For all other
batches a “Compliance Certificate” shall be submitted certifying that the
materials are in accordance with the technical specifications of the first
production batch.
If explicitly specified in the purchase order, a sample of each batch
shall be tested and the results shall be submitted to the Company.
Each batch used on site shall be clearly marked to allow rapid tracing of
the origin of the supply; discrepancies shall be noted.
2.6.3.2 Pre-Insulation inspection
After a piping/equipment system has been “released for measurement”,

a pre-insulation measurement of the system shall be performed by the
Contractor to verify the designed system and as built situation.
Deviations shall be notified to the Company.
When the system has been “released for insulation” (normally after
completion of hydrostatic testing and painting), the Contractor shall
inspect the following:
Rev. 1 May 2007
• surfaces: check for coating appropriateness and clean/dry. The

surfaces shall be washed with fresh water to remove salt
deposits and shall be dried.
• Hangers/Supports: check all hangers and supports, where
required, are of the correct size and properly located.
• Expansion/Contraction joints: check if all positions for installation
of the expansion/contraction joints in the insulation are clearly
defined and marked.
• Clearances: check if sufficient accessibility has been provided for
both the insulation thickness to be applied and the space
necessary for workmen to apply it.
2.6.3.3 Inspection during installation of insulation system
Inspections shall be carried out on material and application to ensure

compliance with the specification.
Contractor shall operate a system such that they can trace the
workman responsible for each insulated component.
Contractor shall check each workman’s work at least once a day and
maintain a record.
2.6.3.4 Final inspection and release
Final inspection shall be conducted by all parties involved when the

system is considered complete or as soon as possible thereafter. After
final completion of a system, a “release for system insulation
completion” document shall be issued.
The application shall be inspected to determine that the insulation is of
the proper thickness and that its materials, workmanship and finishes
meet the specifications. Measurements shall be carried out in
accordance to paragraph 2.6.2.
Non-destructive external tests shall be carried out in order to check the
correct execution of the insulation and of the finish. In special cases,
the test may include the removal of the material already laid in order to
have test specimens.
Insulation system shall be re-installed, if required by Company, if found
defective upon inspection or not in accordance with agreed procedures.
2.6.3.4 Testing
The Contractor shall submit test reports and adhere to the quality
control requirements on all insulation materials.
Rev. 1 May 2007
2.6.4 Guarantees
The Contractor shall guarantee that the physical and chemical

properties of the materials installed are equivalent or superior to those
requested.
The Contractor shall guarantee, besides the perfect installation of the
insulations, that the insulating materials and the external finish shall not
deteriorate during use, even if continually exposed to operating
temperature limits; and finally, that the completed insulation shall not
feature cracks, shrinkage or interruptions.
2.7 Documentation
A complete list of materials, including Supplier's descriptive technical

literature, performance data, catalogue cuts, and installation
instructions shall be submitted to Company for review and approval.
The product number, thickness and furnished accessories for each
mechanical system requiring insulation shall be included. In particular,
all materials supplied shall have appropriate certification demonstrating
it meets the requirements of this specification. All materials shall be
suitable for the ambient and process conditions defined by the Client.
Documentation shall be provided for the insulation systems and
materials as follows:
Properties declared shall include, where applicable:
• dimensions.
• Bulk Density.
• Thermal properties and expansion over the design temperature
range.
• Thermal shock resistance for the design temperature range.
• Assessment of Fire and Toxicity Hazard.
• Heat Stability.
• Resistance to Compression.
• Water Absorption.
• Flexural Strength.
• Electrical Conductivity.
• Total Halide Content.
• Assessment of environmental restrictions.
The values declared shall have been determined by the methods
specified in the appropriate standards as listed or otherwise approved
by Company.
Written Manufacturer’s instruction for installation shall also be
submitted for Company review and approval.
Rev. 1 May 2007
3 SUPPLEMENTARY ELEMENTS
3.1 Appendix A: drawings
Index
Figure 1: Support ring for the insulation of vertical piping
Figure 2: Pipe supports
Figure 3: Insulation of pipes with preformed coating and metal
finishing
Figure 4: Insulation details of expansion joints
Figure 5: Insulation of vertical pipes and fittings with pipe-coverings
and finishing sheets
Figure 6: Insulation of valves and flanges with fixed box
Figure 7: Insulation of valves and flanges with preformed of
insulation coating and removable boxes
Figure 8: Insulation of vertical equipment with preformed coatings
Figure 9: Insulation of horizontal equipment with preformed
coatings
Figure 10: Insulation on exchangers with preformed coatings
Figure 11: Insulation details of equipment legs and skirts
Figure 12: Insulation details of flanges and equipment nozzles
Figure 13: Flexible elastomeric foam installation onto pipe
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 1
Support ring for the insulation of vertical piping
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 2
Pipe supports
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 3
Insulation of pipes with preformed

coating and metal finishing sheets
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 4
Insulation details of expansion joints
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 5
Insulation of vertical pipes and fittings

with pipe-coverings and finishing sheets
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 6
Insulation of valves and flanges

with fixed box
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 7
Insulation of valves and flanges

with preformed of insulation and removable boxes
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 8
Insulation of vertical equipment

with preformed coatings
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 9
Insulation of horizontal equipment with

preformed coatings
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 10
Insulation on exchangers with

preformed coatings
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 11
Insulation details of equipment

legs and skirts
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 12
Insulation details of flanges

and equipment nozzles
Rev. 1 May 2007
FIGURE 13
Flexible elastomeric foam installation onto pipe
a) Placing of the insulation on the pipe.

b) Gluing of the longitudinal joints of the insulation.
c) Gluing of the transversal joints of the insulation.
d) Placing of the non metallic jacket on the insulation.
e) Installation of the non metallic jacket with an overlapping surface.
f) Installation of the next sheet of the non metallic jacket.
g) Sealing of the joints with a suitable sealant.

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Eni S.p.A.

Exploration & Production Division

THERMAL INSULATION FOR

1 General Revision Tecnomare MECC Motti Dec.07

Structure of the document completely revised in accordance with

Added reference to various codes and standards

Revised thermal and phisical properties of insulation materials and

Added new insulation material: flexible elastomeric foam with relevant

Added paragraphs “Ergonomics”, “Safety” and “Documentation” in

Updated and revised requirements for quality management and quality

1.2 Normative references

1.2.1 European normative references

1.2.2 Normative references of ISO, IEC and national organizations

1.2.3 Normative references of other organizations

1.2.5 Internal normative references

2.2 Operative environment

2.3 Functional requirements

2.3.1 Extent of the insulation

2.3.3 Insulation supports

2.3.4 Application prescriptions

2.3.4.2 Prescription for the Contractor

2.3.5 Application of preformed cellular glass and polyurethane insulations

2.3.6 Application of flexible elastomeric foam insulation on piping

2.3.7 Application of polyurethane insulation by casting

2.3.8 Insulation thickness

2.6 Requirements for Quality Management and Quality Assurance

2.6.3 Inspection and testing

3.1 Appendix A: drawings

This specification describes the general requirements of the Client, the

The following scopes are envisaged:

1.2 Normative references

Insulation systems and materials shall be in accordance with the

1.2.1 European normative references

EN 11925-2 Reaction to fire tests - ignitability of building

EN 12086 Thermal-insulating products for building

EN 13469 Thermal insulating products for building

EN 13501 Fire classification of construction products and

EN 13823 Reaction to fire tests for building products -

EN ISO 8497 Thermal insulation – Determination of steady

EN ISO 10456 Buildings materials and products –

1.2.2 Normative references of ISO, IEC and national organizations

IMO Res. A.653 (16) Recommendations on improved fire tests

ISO 37 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic –

ISO 12241 Thermal insulation for building equipment and

ISO 5660-1 Reaction-to-fire-test – Heat release, smokes

UNI Norm 6665/88 Superfici coibentate. Metodi di misurazione

1.2.3 Normative references of other organizations

ASTM A653 Standard specification for steel sheet, zinc

ASTM B209 Standard specification for aluminium and

ASTM C177 Standard test method for steady state heat

ASTM C335 Standard test method for steady state heat

ASTM C518 Standard test method for steady state heat

ASTM C534 Standard specification for preformed

ASTM C552 Standard specification for cellular glass

ASTM C591 Standard specification for unfaced preformed

ASTM C680 Standard practice for estimate of the heat gain

ASTM C692 Standard test method for evaluating the

ASTM C795 Standard specification for thermal insulation

ASTM C871 Standard test methods for chemical analysis