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VOLCANISM

The document discusses volcanism and magma. It explains that the Earth's interior is hot due to primordial heat from the Earth's formation and ongoing radioactive decay. It describes how magma is formed and its composition. Magma is molten rock found below the surface that is less dense than surrounding solid rock. When magma emerges at the surface it is called lava. The document outlines different types of magma based on their temperature and silica content, including basaltic, andesitic and rhyolitic magma. It also discusses viscosity and how temperature, gas and silica content affect viscosity. Finally, it provides examples of different types of volcanoes.

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34 views27 pages

VOLCANISM

The document discusses volcanism and magma. It explains that the Earth's interior is hot due to primordial heat from the Earth's formation and ongoing radioactive decay. It describes how magma is formed and its composition. Magma is molten rock found below the surface that is less dense than surrounding solid rock. When magma emerges at the surface it is called lava. The document outlines different types of magma based on their temperature and silica content, including basaltic, andesitic and rhyolitic magma. It also discusses viscosity and how temperature, gas and silica content affect viscosity. Finally, it provides examples of different types of volcanoes.

Uploaded by

eriantipuesto01750
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VOLCANISM

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson,you will be able to:

a. explain why the Earth's interior is hot.

b. describe what happens after magma is


formed.
Share your thoughts!
Earth’s Internal Heat

1. Primordial heat
2. Radioactive heat (K, U,
and Th)
Magma

are molten rocks(liquid


state) commonly found on
the surface of the Earth.
Magma
are less dense than the
surrounding solid rock.
When magma emerges at the
surface, it is called
lava.
Magma
composed of silicon,
aluminum, iron, calcium,
magnesium, sodium,
potassium, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
Magma
The most common component is silica
(Si02) at 45% to 75% by weight.
The more silica content, the higher the
viscosity of the magma. In high-
viscosity magma (high silica content)
gases get trapped in the magma, which
leads to violent volcanic eruptions.
Magma
The melting temperature of rocks could range
from 8000C to 14000C.
The degree of resistance to flow is called
viscosity.
Viscosity is inversely proportional to
fluidity.
Gas content and temperature also affect the
viscosity of magma.
Magma
Gas content is directly proportional to
temperature but inversely proportional
to viscosity.
Temperature of lava is inversely
proportional to viscosity.
Formation of Magma

1. Decompression Melting
2. Flux Melting
3. Heat Transfer Melting or Convection.
4. Partial Melting
The melting temperature of the rock,
called eutectic temperature
Types of Magma
1. Basaltic Magma ( Fe, Mg, Ca)
also known as “mafic” magma.
1,200 degrees Celsius.
45–55 percent silica.
Shield volcanoes contain basaltic magma. Such
as Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa.
Pyroclastic deposit.
Types of Magma
2. Andesitic Magma
intermediate in temp.(800-1,000 degrees
Celsius)
52-63 percent silica.
usually occur on steep composite volcanoes.
less viscosity.
Types of Magma
3. Rhyolitic Magma
650-800 degrees Celsius
65-75 percent silica.
low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na.
high viscosity.
Viscosity- measure of the
resistance of a fluid to a
force or disturbance.
Two Types of Eruption
Types of Volcano

1. Shield volcano
2. Stratovolcano/ Composite volcano
3. Cinder cone volcano
Mt. Biliran in Leyte
Mt. Iraya in Basco, Batanes
Mt. Kanlaon in Negros
Mt. Apo in Davao
Mt. Mayon in Albay
Mt. Pinatubo in Zambales
Smith volcano or Mt. Babuyan
Mt. Taal

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