MFD Level of Geriatric Care Given Among Elderly

LEVEL OF GERIATRIC CARE GIVEN AMONG ELDERLY IN
BARANGAY LAGUINBANWA,
IBAJAY, AKLAN
A Research Paper Presented to the

Faculty of School of Nursing
Saint Gabriel College
Kalibo, Aklan
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

In
NCM – 115
(Nursing Research - 2)
MAFELYN F. DELGADO
(May 2023)
OLD BUSWANG, KALIBO, AKLAN, PHILIPPINES
SCHOOL OF NURSING
RESEARCH PAPER APPROVAL SHEET
This Paper, “LEVEL OF GERIATRIC CARE GIVEN AMONG ELDELRY IN BARANGAY

LAGUINBANWA, IBAJAY, AKLAN” prepared, presented and submitted by
Delgado, Mafelyn F. in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the Degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing, is hereby ACCEPTED.
DR. MIKKO JAN D. LOPEZ

Adviser
___________
Date
CHARRIE C. MOLAS RN, MAN LYLE C. IBABAO, MPA, Phd

Evaluator Evaluator
___________ ___________
Date Date
Engr. ERDYN J. MAGBIRO, EdD, MBA

Evaluator
___________
Date
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree,

Bachelor of Science in Nursing.
NESTORIO M. MOLAS JR. RN, MN.

Instructor/Office of the Dean
___________
Date
Recommending Approval:
RICHIE G. BAYURAN, RPh, MS RANDALL ANSELMO S. LEGASPI

Director, IRADO College President
___________ ___________
Date Date
ii
Acknowledgements
It takes time and effort to conduct a study. This research will not be
successful without the help and support of certain people. The researcher would like
to extend sincere thanks and warm gratitude to the following persons and institutions
for their inspiration, motivation, and support for the completion of this study:
First of all, thanks to the Almighty God for all the strength and spiritual
guidance she received in every step she took throughout this study, despite many
challenges. The researcher is very grateful to God almighty; for without his graces
and blessings, this study would not have been possible;
To the Dean, Mr. Nestorio M. Molas Jr., also our research instructor, thank
you for the opportunity to apply all the knowledge he had imparted in the research
subject, which helped the researcher understand clearly the process of making this
study;
To the Research Adviser and Statistician, Dr. Mikko Jan D. Lopez, thank you
for the continuous support, patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immersion in
knowledge. His expertise and guidance helped me throughout the research and up to
its completion.
To the questionnaire validators, Dr. Richel John Teodosio, Dr. Jennyfel R.
Dinglasan, and Dr. April Joy A. Talas, thank you for the time allotted in order to
check the questionnaires and give some recommendations for the improvement of the
study. Their expertise helped her questionnaires become more precise and detailed.
iii
To the English critique, Ma'am Mila Yunzal-Lumbo, thank you for sharing
your precious time in order to check, give comments, and make recommendations for
the improvements of the whole paper. This paper would not be as detailed and formal
without her shared expertise.
To the Barangay Captain, Hon. Ermar Fernandez, thank you for the warm
support by allowing the researcher to conduct this research within the barangay. This
would not have been done without your cooperation and the community members
who served as our respondents.
The respondents, elderlies of the respective puroks, for sharing their worthy
support, cooperation, and time in giving their positive responses needed to complete
the information and important data of the study.
To the school, Saint Gabriel College, thank you for honing and molding the
researcher to be her today. The lessons and knowledge she acquired will continue to
inspire me to strive harder and reach for my dreams.
To my beloved parents, who supported me all the way. Your prayer is what
has sustained me this far and your unending support financially and emotionally has
helped me a lot. Thank you for the love, understanding, and consideration all
throughout the research process. This whole research paper would not had been done
without you.
To the love of my life who constantly says, "Kaya mo run, Ikaw pa," thank
you, Jad, for always encouraging and keeping me motivated while doing this research
iv
and writing my project. You are one of the reasons for the success of this research
paper. I love you, Dong.
Last but not the least are my friends, especially Sherylynn H. Pelayo, who is
always there to help and cheer me up till the completion of my study. Thank you for
the unending love and support; thank you for believing and helping me in all aspects.
Your support during the research journey has really boosted me to continue working.
M.F.D.
v
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the level of geriatric care given among
elderly in Barangay Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan. The respondents of this study were the
sixty (60) elderly individuals from the following Puroks: Purok 3, 4, 5 and 6. A survey
questionnaire was used to determine the following: demographic profile, and level of
geriatric care given among elderly in terms of, physical, environmental, mental, emotional,
spiritual and psychosocial. The descriptive-correlational research method was employed and
the statistical tools used were frequency count, percentage, mean, and chi square. The
findings for demographic profile showed that most of the respondents were 60-69 years old,
female with a monthly income of below 5,000 and married. The level of geriatric care given
among the elderly as revealed in the results are the following: very good level of care was
revealed for spiritual health; good level of care for environmental health, emotional health,
and psychosocial health. Likewise, moderate care was shown for physical health, and mental
health. Overall, the level of geriatric care given among the elderly scored good level of care.
The researcher recommends that a specialized geriatric care must be given to the elderly to
prioritize their health. This will help them to monitor, maintain and improve their lifestyle.
The Community may establish a community center to provide an adequate geriatric health
care and ensure that elders within their family have a conducive home environment. The
OSCA, or Office for Senior Citizens Affairs must provide a policy that seeks to provide
vi
increased access to geriatric care for the increasing number of elderlies who do not have
access to quality health care.
Key words: descriptive-correlational method and the level of geriatric care given among
elderly.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page i
Research Paper Approval Sheet ii
Acknowledgements iii
Abstract vi
Table of Contents vii
Lists of Figures x
Lists of Tables xi
Lists of Appendices xiii
Chapter 1 - 5
I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Hypothesis 4
Theoretical Framework 5
Conceptual Framework 6
Significance of the Study 7
vii
Scope and Delimitation of the Study 8
Definition of Terms 9
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Health Concerns among Elderly 11
Geriatric care for elderly 14
Synthesis 19
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 20
Respondents of the Study 20
Sampling Design 21
Locale of the study 21
Research Instruments 21
Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument 23
Data Gathering Procedure 24
Ethical Consideration 25
Data Analysis 26
IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Demographic Profile of the Respondents 28
Level of Geriatric Care given to Elderly 30
Level of Geriatric care given to elderly
when classified into demographic profile 38
Significant Relationship between the level 40
of Geriatric Care given to Elderly when
classified into demographic profile
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 47
Conclusions 49
viii
Recommendations 50
References 52
Appendices
APPENDIX A: Dean’s Recommending and Approval Letter
APPENDIX B: Research Adviser’s Approval Letter
APPENDIX C: Validator’s Letter and Certification
APPENDIX D: Barangay Captain’s Consent and Approval Letter
APPENDIX E: Respondent’s Inform Consent Letter
APPENDIX F: Survey Tool
APPENDIX G: Statistician’s Letter and Certification
APPENDIX H: SPSS Results
APPENDEIX I: Curriculum Vitae
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Pages
1 Research paradigm of the study 7
2 Five (5) Point Likert Scale 23
3 Mean Range Scale 27
x
LIST OF TABLES
Tables Pages
1 Demographic Profile of the Respondents 28

2 Level of Geriatric Care given to Elderly 30
3 Level of Geriatric Care given among Elderly when classified into demographic
profile 38
4 Significant Relationship between the Level of Geriatric Care when classified into
Demographic Profile 40
5 Frequencies 70
6 Statistics 70
7 Age 71
8 Sex 71
9 Monthly Income 71
10 Civil Status 72
11 Purok 72
12 Descriptive 72
13 Descriptive Statistics 73
14 Mean 74
15 Case Processing Summary 75
16 Overall * Age 75
17 Overall * Sex 75
18 Overall * Monthly Income 75
19 Overall * Civil Status 76
20 Overall * Purok 76
xi
21 Crosstabs 77
22 Case Processing Summary 77
23 Age * Group Over 78
24 Chi-Square Tests 78
25 Sex * Group Over 79
27 Monthly Income * Group Over 79
29 Civil Status * Group Over 80
31 Purok * Group Over 81
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Pages
A Dean’s Recommending and Approval Letter 55
B Research Adviser’s Approval Letter 56
C Validator’s Letter and Certification 57
D Barangay Captain’s Consent and Approval Letter 63
E Respondent’s Inform Consent Letter 64
F Survey Tool 65
G Statistician’s Letter and Certification 69
H SPSS Results 70
I Curriculum Vitae 82
xiii
xiv
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study

The elderly, especially the frail ones need a geriatric care. In the field of
healthcare, this refers to the provision of services to enhance the quality of life and
prevent or treat disease in order to attain the highest level of function. This kind of
care tends to the physical, psychological, socioeconomic, cultural, and spiritual
requirements of an elderly person.
Aging is a fundamental part of life and nursing care should not only be the
role of those in the health care services. It is a collaboration of their family,
community with the other health care team to maintain the quality of life of the
ageing.
According to Bakerjian (2022), including patients and their families as
partners in care results in more meaningful person-centered care, more successful
preventative and treatment programs, and better outcomes. Practitioners must
successfully interact with patients, their families, and other practitioners while
coordinating care across patients' numerous healthcare settings. Additionally, in
order to keep patients and populations healthy, geriatric practitioners must collaborate
with communities to develop and put into practice best practices that combine
preventative initiatives. To make health care more equal and inexpensive, academics,
researchers, and members of the healthcare industry must collaborate with legislators.
Older persons have higher health care requirements and use disproportionately more
1
health care resources because they frequently have several chronic diseases and may
additionally experience cognitive, social, or functioning issues.
According to Asadzadeh et.al (2022), Population aging had become a global
trend in the 21st century due to the development of the economy and the advancement
of medical knowledge. Globally, the elderly population is expanding faster than that
of other age categories. Studies have shown that in spite of efforts, the services
available in the international community are inadequate. Also, without the support,
intervention, and planning and policies-making of governments, the quality of life of
the elderly is severely impaired.
According to World Health Organization (2022), hearing loss, cataracts and
refractive errors, back and neck discomfort and osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, diabetes, and hypertension are frequent ailments among elderly
people. People are more prone to have multiple ailments at once as they get older.
According to Awing (2021), family caregivers' knowledge and practices are
essential, especially in providing care to geriatric patients. Having a proper
knowledge in geriatric care will enhance the caregiver's caring skills which will
evolve into a good elderly care practice. This time of pandemic, being included in the
vulnerable population, the elderly patients are not allowed to go out; hence, the bulk
of care is left to their family caregiver. It is then appropriate to check the knowledge
and practices of caregivers in providing care. Family caregiving role is broad in
scope and often requires a significant commitment of time, given its scope and
complexity of the role, ensuring that caregivers are well prepared is essential.
Programs should be made under geriatric to train caregivers for them to be
2
familiarized and identify the early warning signs of the common health problem of
the elderly.to their elderly family members to address weakness in the provision of
geriatric care. Given the length and complexity of the family caregiving role which is
broad in scope and frequently needs for a longer time commitment, it is essential that
caregivers are adequately prepared. Geriatric programs should be developed to
educate caregivers on how to recognize the early indicators of the prevalent health
issues that affect the elderly.
Societal aging can affect economic growth, patterns of work and retirement.
This study was conducted to know if these ageing individuals of Barangay
Laguinbanua, Ibajay, Aklan are provided with quality patient care and to what
geriatric level are given to the neglected elderly as well. Based on the researcher's
observation, elders in our society nowadays find it hard to sustain their own needs,
thus, they need proper care and treatment.
Hence, the researcher wanted to conduct this study to know how we will
provide quality patient care to the elderly and fully dependent patients.
Being a future nurse, the researcher needs to know what particular services
should be given to these elderlies in order to meet their special needs for them to
spend their twilight years with joy in their hearts.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study was conducted to determine the Level of Geriatric Care given
among the elderly in Barangay Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan.
Specifically, this study was answer the following questions:
3
1. What is the demographic profile of the elderly in terms of
a. age;
b. sex;
c. monthly income
d. civil status; and
e. purok?
2. What is the level of Geriatric Care given among elderly in terms of
a. physical;
b. environmental;
c. mental;
d. emotional;
e. psychosocial; and
f. spiritual?
3. What is the Level of Geriatric Care Given to Elderly and when classified into
demographic profile?
4. Is there a significant relationship between the Level of Geriatric Care Given to
Elderly when classified into demographic profile?
HYPOTHESIS
4
1. There is no significant relationship between the Level of Geriatric Care Given to
Elderly when classified into demographic profile.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This study was anchored on the theory of Dorothea Orem: Self-Care Deficit
Theory, Erik Erikson’s: Theory of Psychosocial Development, Virginia Henderson:
Nursing Need Theory, and Abraham Maslow: Human needs Theory (Hierarchy of
Needs).
A significant nursing theory that was created between 1959 and 2001 is the self-
care deficit nursing theory by Dorothea Orem. The Orem's Model of Nursing is another
name for the theory. It is primarily utilized in primary care and rehabilitation settings
where patients are urged to maintain as much independence as feasible. Self-care is
described as "the practice of undertaking and carrying out actions for one's own benefit
in order to maintain one's life, health, and well-being."
According to Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory. A general theory called
the self-care deficit nursing theory is made up of the linked ideas of self-care,
dependent care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems.
Additionally, Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development emphasizes
sociocultural factors as sociocultural factors and presents them as eight stages of
psychosocial conflicts (commonly referred to as Erikson's stages of psychosocial
development) that all people must successfully navigate or resolve in order to
successfully adapt to their environment.
5
Furthermore, Nursing Need Theory by Virginia Henderson, stated that "doing
tasks for patients that they would do for themselves if they were physically or
intellectually capable. Nursing helps the patient become healthy or pass away
peacefully, and also assists individuals in achieving independence so that they can
begin performing the necessary tasks for themselves as soon as possible."
According to Maslow, psychological motivational theory includes a five-tier
model of human requirements that is frequently represented as levels within a pyramid.
The needs include physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-
actualization, going up the hierarchy in order of importance. Prior to addressing needs
higher up the hierarchy, people must attention to those lower down.
Applying these theories could lighten the burden of the elderly especially if the
health care provider does it with compassion and empathy. Hence, geriatric patients
would not feel abandoned if nurses, family, community, and others around them with
pure love and care. Lastly, it will help my study to become more reliable and stronger
because of these different nursing theories.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 1 shows the paradigm of the study. In the figure, demographic profile
such as age, sex, civil status, monthly income and purok was the independent
variables and level of geriatric care given among elderly was the dependent variables.
The researcher assumed that proper geriatric care given among these individuals is
important to have a better physical, environmental, mental, emotional, psychosocial
and spiritual health that can lead them to meet their needs and have a better and
longer life.
6
The assumed flow of the major variables of the study is shown in the diagram
below:
Independent Variables: Dependent Variables:
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE:
 Age
 Sex Level of Geriatric Care
 Civil Status Given Among Elderly
 Monthly Income
 Purok
Figure 1. Research Paradigm of the Study
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The results of the study could be of great benefit to the following:
Elderly – This study could provide a wide range of health outcomes to the elderly,
such as preventions of degenerative disease, life satisfaction and improved quality of
life.
Medical Allied and Health Professionals - This study could serve as their guide
when giving health education and handling elderly patients. Healthcare practitioners
who specialize in geriatrics could gain knowledge of the relationships between general
health and what patients ultimately need and want from their own care through the help
of this study. In order for older people to remain independent and active for as long as
7
possible. They work to assist their patients in maintaining their health and adjusting to
changes in their mental and physical capabilities.
Nursing Students - This study could act as their guide for giving care to
elder patients in terms of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual. It gives them the
method of identifying health problems and diseases that may be curable or responsive to
interventions to enhance quality of life or health of the elderly.
Community - This study could encourage the community to increase the geriatric
care given to the elderly.
Future researchers - This research could serve as a reference to future researchers
as their studies might relate to the topic of this research.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study was conducted to determine the level of Geriatric Care given among
the elderly population of Barangay Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan. The study focused on
how Geriatric care improves physical, environmental, mental, emotional, psychosocial
and spiritual needs of the elderly. The researcher picked at least 15 elderly individuals
from each Purok (3, 4, 5 and 6) and came up with a total of 60 respondents.
The researcher administered an adapted and modified questionnaire. The
questionnaires were in printed form or hard copy as it was more suitable for the target
respondents. The questions included in the questionnaire were from the following
research study and journals; Holistic Health and Wellness Survey by (2008) Raymond
W. Smith LMT, adapted from a questionnaire developed by Vicky Cervantes. On the
other hand, the researcher utilized review of related literature below 2018 due to
8
limited studies. The researcher allocated at least 1-2 weeks to gather the data of this
study.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms are defined for clarity and uniformity of information:
Age – The period of time someone has been alive or something has existed.
(Cambridge Dictionary)
In this study, this refers to the age of the respondents which was classified as 60-
69, 70-79, and 80 years old and above.
Civil Status - Identified as being in a civil partnership or having been a former
civil partner in a legal relationship that was dissolved or ended due to death. Also
includes being widowed. (Irish Human Rights and Equality Commission)
In this study, this refers to the civil status of the respondents which was classified
into: single, married, separated or widowed.
Elderly – These are the older persons who are identified over 60 years of age.
(United Nations)
In this study, this refers to the time when a person has been determined to be in
the geriatric age group which is 60 years old and above from the Laguinbanwa, Ibajay,
Aklan.
Geriatric Care – Geriatrics is a specialty that is based on improving health care
for elderly individual. It supports healthy improvement in older adults by preventing
9
and treating disease and disability that often comes with ageing. Geriatric nursing
involves catering help to older adults at their home, hospital or special institutions.
(Emoha Elder First)
In this study, this refers to providing for the specific medical requirements of
older people such as physical, environmental, mental, emotional, psychosocial and
spiritual.
Monthly Income - The amount of money you earn each month before
anything is taken out, in other words, it's your total income before any deductions or
taxes leave it. (Investopedia)
In this study, this refers to the money that comes in or how much the elderlies are
receiving per month, from below 5,000, 5,001-10,000, 10,001-15,000, 15,001-20,000
and 20,001 above.
Purok - A district within a less densely populated, but still relatively small
barangay, or a neighborhood (zone) inside an urbanized barangay are both sometimes
referred to as puroks. (dbpedia.org)
In this study, this refers to the specific zone of an elderly individuals within the
barangay. The following puroks are: Purok 3, 4, 5, and 6.
10
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the review of related literature of the study, “The Level of
Geriatric Care Given among elderly in Barangay Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan”, and
other studies; local and international – related to it. Part 1) Health Concerns among
Elderly, Part 2) Geriatric Care, and Part 3) Synthesis.
Health Concerns among Elderly
In the study of Indian Council of Medical Research (2018), According to the
chronic morbidity profile of the elderly, hearing impairment is the most prevalent
chronic condition, followed by visual impairment. However, different studies show
varied results in the morbidity pattern. According to a study carried out in the rural
area of Pondicherry, 57% of older people had impaired vision due to cataract and
refractive errors, followed by joint pain and stiffness, 43.4%, tooth and chewing
complaints, 42%, and hearing impairment, 15.4%. In addition to these morbidities,
there were urinary complaints (5.6%), diarrhea (12%), a persistent cough (12%), skin
illnesses (12%), heart disease (9%), diabetes (8.1%), and asthma (6%). As many as
87.5% of 200 senior persons in rural and urban Chandigarh, Haryana, were found to
have moderate to severe impairments, according to a comparable survey.
11
The most prevalent morbidity was anemia, followed by dental problems,
hypertension, chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), cataract, and osteoarthritis.
According to a study of ocular morbidities in the elderly population of the district of
Wardha, refractive errors accounted for the greatest proportion (40.8%) of ocular
morbidities, closely followed by cataract (40.4%). Other ocular morbidities included
aphakia (11.1%), pterygium (5.2%), and glaucoma (3.0%). In a community-based
study of 10,000 elderly individuals conducted in Delhi, problems associated with
hearing and visual impairment led the list, followed closely by backache and arthritis.
According to Saurabh Ram Bihar Lal Shrivastava (2020), Prevention and
control of health problems of elderly necessitates a multifaceted approach
incorporating active collaboration of health, social welfare, rural/urban development
and legal sectors. A community based geriatric health-care program should start with
the development of a comprehensive policy so as to include not only medical aspects,
but other determinants as well. To conclude, provision of quality assured health-care
services for the elderly population is a challenge that requires joint approach and
strategies. Failure to address the current health requirements could result in a costly
problem in the future.
According to B. Narmatha Devi et al. (2022), many issues faced by an elderly
population are generally connected to two characteristics that are shared by almost all
nations: (i) the aging of the elderly, which results in a significant increase in the
population of people 80 years and older, and (ii) the feminization of aging because
women live longer than men. According to estimates, women make up 55% of all
elderly people, and the bulk of them (58%) reside in developing nations. However,
12
such late-life changes in marital status have an impact on older women's living
arrangements as well as their economic and emotional well-being, especially when
they have a heavier burden of illness and incapacity. According to Xiaoming Sun et
al., post-menopausal women in China have a high level of unmet requirements,
limited access to healthcare, and little knowledge about these services. According to
Bhupinder Chaudhary et al., 33.1% of elderly women in rural India have unmet
requirements in terms of health service utilization, low socioeconomic level, financial
hardship, and disability. In addition, (Sreerupa et al.) noted a high frequency of
socioeconomic reliance, poor health, and low use of health care among older women
in North India. It is necessary to investigate the social and health issues facing
women in rural Tamil Nadu, especially those over the age of 60, as well as the
influences on their quality of life, level of awareness, and use of healthcare facilities.
Increasing non-communicable disease burden and impairment impacting the quality
of life in this vulnerable age group pose a challenge to the primary healthcare system.
Therefore, this study was done among women in rural Tamil Nadu over the age of 60.
Jaison Joseph et. Al (2020), reported that as this pandemic rapidly spreads
across the globe, it is causing considerable dread, anxiety, and concern among
vulnerable groups, especially older adults. Reports from China indicate that the case-
fatality rate and death rate for patients over 60 years old are significantly higher than
the national average, indicating that elderly persons are more susceptible to COVID-
19. The social repercussions of the illness will be a significant obstacle for geriatric
mental health and the elderly. According to available data, social isolation places
older individuals at a greater risk for depression and anxiety. Elderly individuals are
13
more susceptible to the stress associated with the COVID-19 outbreak, and there is an
imperative need to accurately and promptly assess the magnitude of mental health
outcomes in order to implement preventative and early intervention strategies for
those at greater risk. Due to the sudden occurrence of the catastrophe,
epidemiological information is limited. In order to evaluate the mental health
concerns of middle-aged and geriatric populations in relation to the COVID-19
outbreak in Haryana, India, a web-based survey was conducted.
According to Rogie Royce Carandang et al (2019), Little is known about how
senior folks in the Philippines manage their unmet requirements. Coping mechanisms
are coping methods that people frequently employ to assist them cope with difficult
and painful life situations while keeping their emotional and psychological well-
being. Recent research revealed that coping may be a complex, evolving process and
that senior adults' particular coping strategies are less well-defined. While negative
coping strategies, such as distraction and ranting, have poor consequences on health,
positive coping strategies, such as obtaining information and acting, may have
beneficial and even protective effects. Strategies to foster resilience and aid elderly
Filipinos in better addressing their unmet needs were developed by examining their
coping methods.
By exploring Filipino senior citizens' coping mechanisms, strategies were
formulated to promote resilience and help them address their unmet needs more
effectively.
Geriatric Care for Elderly
14
Debra Bakerjian, PhD, APRN, (2022), noted that by involving patients and
their families as partners in care, more meaningful person-centered care and more
successful preventative and treatment programs can be created, all of which result in
improved outcomes. Practitioners must successfully interact with patients, their
families, and other practitioners while coordinating care across patients' numerous
healthcare settings. Additionally, in order to keep patients and populations healthy,
geriatric practitioners must collaborate with communities to develop and put into
practice best practices that combine preventative initiatives. To make health care
more equal and inexpensive, academics, researchers, and members of the healthcare
industry must collaborate with legislators. Older persons have higher health care
requirements and use disproportionately more health care resources because they
frequently have several chronic diseases and may additionally experience cognitive,
social, or functioning issues.
According to Steven R. Counsell, MD et al., (2007), low-income seniors
represent a diverse and complex group of older adults who frequently have
socioeconomic stressors, low health literacy, chronic medical conditions, and limited
access to health care. In addition, this group accounts for a disproportionate share of
health care expenditures, including high rates of acute care utilization. In general,
older adults—especially the poor—rarely obtain the appropriate level of care for
geriatric syndromes, chronic illness management, and preventative treatments.
Moreover, in this study of Ocansey et al., (2013), the growth of the ageing
populations is a global concern. The rate at which the proportion of older adults in
the population is greater in lower and middle-income countries than in high-income
15
countries (Beard et al., 2012; Parmar et al., 2014). According to a UN report (United
Nations, 2015), about 60% of persons aged 60+ live in lower and middle-income
countries. A more recent UN report (United Nations, 2017) projects that by 2050
nearly 8 of 10 persons aged 60+ will be living in lower and middle-income countries.
This will result in an increased demand on social and health care services (Debpuur et
al., 2010). However, the infrastructure and staffing needed to offer comprehensive
care for the older adult population may be lacking in lower and middle-income
nations in parts of Asia, the Middle East, and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
In the study of health care industry of the northeastern United States, it
demonstrates that the work of family caregivers of elders extends far beyond care in
the home to include care in health care facilities and in collaboration with community
services. It reveals that untrained, undersupported, and unseen family caregivers
constitute a "shadow workforce," Filling potentially hazardous voids in an
uncoordinated, fragmented, bureaucratic, and frequently impersonal system. Detailed
examination of what family caregivers actually do across multiple domains exposes
the extent of their contribution to the current geriatric health care system as well as its
weaknesses. It suggests that the experiences of family caregivers should be at the
center of the development of new policies and a more coordinated system that makes
use of the complex work of family caregivers by providing them with the necessary
training and support.
According to Arlene O. Awing (2021), Family caregivers' knowledge and
practices are essential, especially in providing care to geriatric patients. Having a
proper knowledge in geriatric care will enhance the caregiver's caring skills which
16
will evolve into a good elderly care practice. This time of pandemic, being included
in the vulnerable population, the elderly patients are not allowed to go out; hence, the
bulk of care is left to their family caregiver. It is then appropriate to check the
knowledge and practices of caregivers in providing care. Family caregiving role is
broad in scope and often requires a significant commitment of time, given its scope
and complexity of the role, ensuring that caregivers are well prepared is essential.
Programs should be made under geriatric to train caregivers for them to be
familiarized and identify the early warning signs of the common health problem of
the elderly to their elderly family members to address weakness in the provision of
geriatric care. Given the length and complexity of the family caregiving role which is
broad in scope and frequently needs for a longer time commitment, it is essential that
caregivers are adequately prepared. Geriatric programs should be developed to
educate caregivers on how to recognize the early indicators of the prevalent health
issues that affect the elderly.
According to Perry Paul J. Espinosa (2016), a good mental health implies that
the older people have the ability to make good life choices, maintain physical health
and well-being, and having healthy relationships. Thus, the mental health of the older
people is fundamental to good health, better well-being, and improved quality of life.
Recommendations include improving mental health promotion strategies, increasing
physical activity and educational opportunities, enhancing social policy initiatives,
particularly for older women, fostering collaboration between different sectors
through active partnerships and exchange networks, and improving access to and
quality mental health services for older people.
17
TJ Robinson Moncatar et.al (2019), stated that the Philippines has a strong
egalitarian familial bond. Most elder Filipinos are co-residing with their adult
children and unceasingly exchange inter-generational support with one another and
given respect, power, and influence towards key decisions in the households.
However, the rapidly growing aging population is also confounded by the changing
family structure in the Philippines which has an impact on the well-being of the
elderly. Nuclearization of families is happening as average household size
continuously decreases. These demographic, socio-economic, and cultural
transformations affect the family and household characteristics and have led to an
increasing number of elderly living alone. Notably, studies showed that the elderly
living alone were of low socio-economic strata, isolated, lonely, have poorer lifestyle
practices, decreased physical capacity and psychological well-being resulting in lower
self-health rating, and quality of life.
Synthesis
As aging is a normal part of existence, it is inevitable. Nursing care for
the elderly should be provided by a team effort involving the patient's family,
community, and other health care professionals in order to maintain and improve the
elderly person's quality of life.
Globally, there are more older adults with unmet care and assistance needs.
Elderly people need care and comfort to live a healthy life free from anxieties and
worry. Abuse of elderly people by family members is a result of ignorance regarding
the altering behavioral patterns of these individuals at home. The most important
phases of a man's life are birth, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Each
18
of these phases has its own problems and difficulties. Physical strength and mental
stability both decline with each level that is completed.
On the other aspect, there is growing proof that providing proper geriatric
care, particularly to the elderly, is suitable for their psychosocial, mental, emotional,
spiritual, and physical health.
In general, geriatric care plays a big role to reduce and surpass the problems
that the elderly is facing. Studies have proven that daily activities and proper care
given to the elderly can enhance their health to live longer.
19
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presented the kind of procedure used in conducting the research
which includes the following: Research Design, Sampling Procedure, Respondents of
the Study, Locale of the Study, Data Gathering Instrument, Data Gathering
Procedure, Statistical Tools and Data Analysis.
Research Design
This study utilized the descriptive-correlational research method. Williams
(2007) asserts that descriptive research is a form of inquiry that can ascertain the
circumstances surrounding a contemporary phenomena. According to Nassaji (2015),
the goal of descriptive research is to identify and classify the phenomenon. On the
other hand, correlational research is a form of research design where a researcher
aims to comprehend what kinds of links naturally occurring variables have with one
another, according to Artem Cheprasov (2010). Correlational research, put simply, is
to determine whether or whether two or more variables are related and, if so, how.
20
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of this study were the elder individuals of Barangay
Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan, specifically from Puroks 3, 4, 5, and 6.
The criteria for elder individuals are the following: Must be 60 years old and
above, either male and female, and must be staying more than 1 year at barangay
Laguinbanwa, Ibajay Aklan.
Sampling Procedure
Purposive sampling was used as sampling technique and according to Kassiani
Nikolopoulou (2022), “Purposive sampling refers to a class of non-probability
sampling methods in which units are chosen for the sample because they meet certain
criteria. In other words, purposive sampling involves the "on purpose" selection of
units." The researcher picked at least 15 senior citizens from each Puroks (3,4,5, and
6) and came up with a total of 60 respondents.
Locale of the study
This study was conducted at Barangay Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan,
specifically in Puroks 3, 4, 5 and 6. This place was selected to determine the level of
geriatric care given among the elderly.
21
Figure 2. Image from Google Map
Research Instruments
Survey questionnaires were used in the study. A survey is a way to collect data
from a sample of people with the conventional goal of extrapolating the findings to a
larger population. Nearly everyone involved in the information economy, from
corporations and the media to the government and academia, relied on surveys as a
crucial source of information and ideas. (How to Create A Great Survey (n.d.).
The questionnaire was in the form of a checklist that is essential in assessing the
geriatric care among the elderly. Then, the researcher tallied the measurement given by
the respondent with regards to the problem.
The data for this study were collected by combining the adapted and modified
questionnaires that were self-administered. The questionnaire was composed of two
(2) parts: Part 1 was to determine the demographic profile of the respondents and Part 2
was to determine the level of geriatric care given in terms of physical, environmental,
mental, spiritual and psychosocial. The questionnaire of this study was presented to the
panel of experts for validation purposes.
Demographic Profile Questionnaire. This was used to determine the personal
information and characteristics of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status and
monthly income and puroks.
22
Level of geriatric care checklist. This was used to determine what specific
geriatrics care can improve the life of the elderly. The questionnaire has 30 items. The
researcher administered an adapted and modified questionnaire from Holistic Health
and Wellness Survey (2008) by Raymond W. Smith LMT, adapted from a
questionnaire developed by Vicky Cervantes. The questionnaire was responded using
5-point Likert scale:
Weight Description
5 Very Good
4 Good
3 Acceptable
2 Poor
1 Very Poor
Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument
The questionnaire was prepared by the researcher with the guidance of the
research instructor and adviser. The content of the instrument was validated by three
experts in the fields of nursing and research. The researcher utilized an adapted
questionnaire; the content of the questionnaire was modified, and unnecessary
23
questions were eliminated to make the survey more thorough and understandable for
the selected respondents to answer.
According to Matt Wright (2020), “pilot testing is a rehearsal of a research
study, allowing the researcher to test her research approach with a small number of test
participants before the researcher conducts the main study. Just like proper experiment
design is a necessity, it is important to take the time to critique, test, and iteratively
improve the research design, before the research execution phase.” By doing so, the
researcher can ensure that the user research runs smoothly, and dramatically improve
the output from the study.
After the instrument has been validated, a pilot testing was conducted to identify
any flaws or faults in the instrument and limit the amount of expected difficulties. Data
from 30 non-respondents were used in pilot testing.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher submitted a letter of permission to the Dean of the Nursing
Department to conduct a study and informed what would be the content of the study
to be conducted at Barangay Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan; Puroks 3, 4, 5 and 6.
The researcher sent a formal letter to the Barangay Captain of Laguinbanwa,
Ibajay, Aklan where the researcher lives asking permission to conduct a survey
among the chosen elderly individuals living in that specific area. The letter includes
the objectives and the purpose of the study and the signature of the researcher noted
by the researcher’s instructor.
24
Upon the approval of the letters, the researcher personally distributed the
questionnaire to the respondents at the particular time limit to ensure a 100% retrieval
of copies of the instruments before the final period of the present school year with the
assistance of the adviser. Prior to the distribution of the questionnaires, a brief
discussion was given to the respondents for them to understand clearly what to do and
to emphasize the avoidance of skipping the questions.
To ensure that the respondents understand well the procedure, especially the
inclusion of the questionnaires, the researcher used a mother tongue in briefing and
explaining what was in the questionnaire.
After the data were collected, Statistical Package for Social Science was used
to analyze the data statistically.
Ethical Consideration
Upon conducting the research study, stating the social and ethical
considerations must also be taken for deliberation, alongside with the importance of
selecting an appropriate research method. Research ethics referred to as doing what
is morally and legally right in research. According to the Research Excellence
Framework (2014), They truly define right and wrong, as well as acceptable and
inappropriate behavior, through standards of conduct. Research is a multi-stage
process of inquiry that produces fresh discoveries that are successfully
communicated. The research method revolves around ethics. At various stages of
this process, researchers must address a variety of ethical considerations. The truth
25
is that ethical issues might arise during any stage of the research process (Bickman
& Rog, 2009).
This requires the researcher to give careful consideration to the safety and
confidentiality of the information to be obtained from the respondents. Informed
consent is one of the governing principles of research ethics. The objective is for
human volunteers to enter research freely (voluntarily) after obtaining complete
information about what their participation entails and giving their consent. Consent
must be obtained before the subject (potentially) participates in the research. In
order for a participant's assent to be considered informed, he or she must be aware
of the nature of the study and the risks involved. (Oxford, 2006).
The researcher requested for the approval from the Dean in conducting the
study within the designated Barangay where they currently live in. Also, researcher
got the permission from the Barangay Captain to conduct study within the place.
The elderly individuals as respondents were fully informed of what will be the study
all about and the content of the questionnaire that they will be answering. In short,
the consent served as the contract between the researcher and respondents as they
will also have their rights to access their information and the right to withdraw from
answering the questionnaire.
Data Analysis
The data from the questionnaire were analyzed using the following statistical tools:
26
Percentage (%). This was used to determine the percentage of observation
and survey responses that existed in the demographic profile and geriatric care among
elderly.
Frequency Count (f). This was used to determine the number of times and
events that occurred in the demographic profile and geriatric care among elderly.
Mean. This was used to determine the average level in demographic profile,
and geriatric care among elderly.
Mean Range Interpretation
4.21 – 5.00 Very High
3.41 – 4.20 High
2.61 – 3.40 Moderate
1.81 – 2.60 Low
1.00 – 1.80 Very Low
Chi Square. This is a non-parametric test that measured the association
between the demographic profile and geriatric care among elderly.
27
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the presentation, analysis and interpretation of gathered
data. Textual presentation of tabular data was utilized to come up with clear and
concise explanation of the results.
Demographic Profile of the Elderly
Table 1 presents the frequencies and percentages of the demographic profiles
of the elderly which are classified by age, sex, monthly income, civil status and
purok. Table 1 Demographic Profile of the Elderly
Demographic Profile f %
Age
60-69 years old 34 56.7
70-79 years old 20 33.3
80 years old and above 6 10
Sex
Male 22 36.7
28
Female 38 63.3
Monthly Income
below 5,000 34 56.7
5,001-10,000 10 16.7
10,001-15,000 7 11.7
15,001-20,000 3 5
20,001 and above 6 10
Civil Status
Married 41 68.3
Widowed 19 31.7
Purok
Purok 3 15 25
Purok 4 15 25
Purok 5 15 25
Purok 6 15 25
TOTAL 60 100
Out of 60 elderly individuals when grouped according to age, 34 elderlies
were 60-69 years old or 56.7%, 20 elderlies were 70-79 years old or 33.3%, 6
elderlies were 80 years old and above or 10.00%. This means that the majority age
among elderly individuals were the 60-69 years old which got the total of 56.7%.
In terms of sex, 38 elderlies were female or 63.3% while the remaining 22 or
36.7% are male. This means that the majority sex is female which got the total of
63.3%.
In monthly income, 34 elderly individuals’ monthly income is below 5,000 or
56.7%, 10 elderly individuals were 5,001-10,000 or 16.7%, 7 elderly individuals were
10,001-15,000 or 11.7%, 3 elderly individuals were 15,001-20,000 or 5.00%, and the
remaining 6 elderly individuals were 20,001 and above or equivalent to 10.00%. This
means that the majority in terms of monthly income is below 5,000 which got the
total of 56.7%.
29
In civil status, 41 elderly individuals were married or equivalent to 68.3%
while the remaining 19 elderly individuals or 31.7% were widowed. This means that
the majority of civil status is married which got the total of 68.3%.
As to puroks, purok 3, 4, 5, and 6 were 15 elderly individuals. This means
that the puroks got the total of 25% each.
Level of Geriatric Care Given among Elderly.
Table 2 shows the Level of Geriatric Care given among Elderly in terms of
Physical, Environmental, Mental, Emotional, Spiritual and Psychosocial.
Table 2 Level of Geriatric Care given among Elderly
Table 2 Level of Geriatric Care given among Elderly in terms of Physical,

Environmental, Mental, Emotional, Spiritual and Psychosocial.
Geriatric Care Mean Description SD
OVER ALL 3.57 Good 0.28
PHYSICAL HEALTH 2.64 Acceptable 0.38
As an elderly individual, I maintain a healthy diet
(no trans-fats, low sugar, fresh produce, and
whole grains). 2.65 Acceptable 0.95
As an elderly individual, I use mobility aids such
as, wheelchair, rollator, walking stick and hearing
aid. 1.60 Very Poor 1.12
As an elderly individual, I do morning exercises
like, walking, yoga and Zumba. 3.58 Good 0.96
As an elderly individual, I am free of chronic
aches, pains, ailments, and diseases. 1.10 Very Poor 0.48
As an elderly individual, I am still capable of
carrying out autonomous everyday tasks including
eating, dressing, and taking a shower. 4.27 Very Good 0.80
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 3.42 Good 0.45
As an elderly individual, I live in a healthy
3.75 Good 0.85
30
environment with clean air, water, and low/no
indoor pollution.
As an elderly individual, I fall asleep easily and
sleep soundly. 2.37 Acceptable 0.97
As an elderly individual, I have a strong
connection with and appreciation for my body,
home, and environment. 3.92 Good 0.46
As an elderly individual, I have more than enough
energy to meet all of my daily responsibilities. 3.40 Acceptable 0.84
As an elderly individual, I feel energized and
empowered by nature. 3.68 Good 0.62
MENTAL HEALTH 3.30 Acceptable 0.59
As an elderly individual, my outlook on life is
basically optimistic. 3.62 Good 0.71
As an elderly individual, I maintain peace of mind
and tranquility. 3.12 Acceptable 0.67
As an elderly individual, I am able to adjust my
beliefs and attitudes as a result of learning from
painful experiences. 3.27 Acceptable 0.58
As an elderly individual, I accept my strengths
and weaknesses as part of who I am. 3.10 Acceptable 0.97
As an elderly individual, I view problem
situations as “challenges” not as obstacles. 3.37 Acceptable 0.92
EMOTIONAL HEALTH 3.83 Good 0.35
As an elderly individual, I accept both of my
positive and negative feelings. 3.23 Acceptable 0.85
As an elderly individual, I get spend too much
time alone. 4.00 Good 0.69
As an elderly individual, I have difficulty asking
for what I want or what I need. 4.05 Good 0.87
As an elderly individual, I feel an emptiness as if
something is missing in my life. 4.63 Very Good 0.66
As an elderly individual, In general, I handle
stressful situations without becoming anxious. 3.23 Acceptable 0.81
SPIRITUAL HEALTH 4.44 Very Good 0.55
As an elderly individual, I have a faith in God,
saints and angels. 4.90 Very Good 0.30
As an elderly individual, I pray every day and
night. 4.85 Very Good 0.36
As an elderly individual, I make time to attend
services at a place of worship. 3.97 Good 1.20
As an elderly individual, I go to prayer meetings
with other who share my beliefs. 3.65 Good 1.18
31
As an elderly individual, I believed that
worshipping can help me to improve my health
and well-being. 4.85 Very Good 0.48
PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH 3.76 Good 0.60
As an elderly individual, I can see my extended
family in person. 3.88 Good 1.22
As an elderly individual, I spend time doing
things with my family. 3.88 Good 0.91
As an elderly individual, I make time to connect
with young children, either my own or someone
else's. 3.42 Good 0.83
As an elderly individual, I feel a sense of
belonging to a group or community. 3.90 Good 0.51
As an elderly individual, I attended events that
bring people together like community events. 3.73 Good 0.84
Legend: 1.00-1.80- Very Poor, 1.81-2.60- Poor, 2.61-3.40- Acceptable. 3.41-4.20-Good, 4.21-
5.00- Very Good
Table 2 revealed the level of geriatric care given to the elderly. It can be
noticed that spiritual health had the highest mean score while physical and mental
health had the lowest rating of a moderate result. Overall, the level of geriatric care
given to the elderly yielded a high result with a 3.67 mean score.
The result were indicated that level of geriatric care given among elderly can
have a positively effect to the holistic wellness of an elderly individuals. Elderlies
engages their health in terms of physical, environmental, mental, emotional, spiritual
and psychosocial. Elderly individuals revealed that geriatric care has high connection
to their holistic wellness.
In connection with the result of the level of geriatric care given among
elderly, according to Paola Scommegna (2015), research it continues to show that
physical activity, mental stimulation and social connections reduce risk of disease
and depression, and can help you live longer. A national Institute on Aging report
32
found that older adults experience the highest levels of well-being when they are
socializing, working or volunteering, and exercising.
The physical health of the elderly (M = 2.64, SD = 0.38) indicating a good
level. When broken down; as an elderly individual, I am still capable of carrying out
autonomous everyday tasks including eating, dressing, and taking a shower (M =
4.57, SD = 0.80) I do morning exercises like, walking, yoga and Zumba (M = 3.58,
SD = 0.96) I maintain a healthy diet (no trans-fats, low sugar, fresh produce, and
whole grains) (M = 2.65, SD = 0.95) I use mobility aids such as, wheelchair, rollator,
walking stick and hearing aid (M = 1.60, SD = 1.12) and lastly, I am free of chronic
aches, pains, ailments, and diseases (M = 1.10, SD = 0.48). This states that the
respondents took acceptable care of their health by maintaining a healthy diet,
utilizing mobility aids, doing morning exercises, being free of chronic pain, and being
capable of carrying out tasks on a daily basis.
Also, according to Kelli Huggins (2021), Physical activity like exercise can
give you the strength to keep doing activities you love. Particularly, strength
exercises improve your body's mobility, making it simpler to perform activities of
daily living.
In addition, according to Denise Taylor (2014), There is substantial evidence
from high-quality studies to support the positive association between increased
physical activity, exercise participation, and enhanced health in older adults. Around
3,2 million fatalities per year are attributed to inactivity worldwide. In industrialized
nations where people are living longer, the prevalence of chronic health conditions
is on the rise, whereas physical activity levels are declining. Exercising at a
33
moderate-to-vigorous intensity at least five days per week and incorporating both
aerobic and strengthening exercises is crucial for promoting health. Few older
individuals attain the level of physical activity and exercise that is associated with
health enhancements. A challenge for health professionals is increasing older
citizens' physical activity and exercise participation. Some success has been reported
when physicians provide specific, detailed, and localized information to their
patients; however, additional high-quality research is required to continue
addressing the problem of insufficient physical activity and exercise for health
benefits.
For environmental health (M = 3.42, SD = 0.45) which shows a good level.
When broken down; as an elderly individual, I have a strong connection with and
appreciation for my body, home, and environment (M = 3.92, SD = 0.46) I live in a
healthy environment with clean air, water, and low/no indoor pollution (M = 3.75, SD
= 0.85) I feel energized and empowered by nature (M = 3.68, SD = 0.62) I have more
than enough energy to meet all of my daily responsibilities (M = 3.40, SD = 0.84) and
lastly, I fall asleep easily and sleep soundly (M = 2.37, SD = 0.97). This states that
the environmental health care among the respondents in terms of having a strong
connection to a healthy environment, being able to fall asleep easily and soundly, and
having enough energy for responsibilities empowered by nature.
According to Yun-ChuI Hong (2013), conforms that environmental
contaminants, most from anthropogenic sources originally intended to improve
living conditions, are damaging human health, particularly in susceptible
populations. The elderly is more sensitive because of deterioration in physiologic,
34
biochemical, immunologic, and homeostatic parameters, which affects their ability
to defend against environmental stresses.
In addition, according to UN Environment Programme, aaccumulating
evidence indicates that exposure to natural settings is associated with positive
mental health outcomes. Clean air and water, sanitation and green spaces, and
secure work environments can improve the quality of life for individuals. Clean air
and water, sanitation and green spaces, and secure work environments can improve
the quality of life for individuals.
Likewise, the mental health (M = 3.30, SD = 0.59) indicate acceptable level.
When broken down; as an elderly individual, my outlook on life is basically
optimistic (M = 3.62, SD = 0.71) I view problem situations as “challenges” not as
obstacles (M = 3.37, SD = 0.92) I am able to adjust my beliefs and attitudes as a
result of learning from painful experiences (M = 3.27, SD = 0.58) I maintain peace of
mind and tranquility (M = 3.12, SD = 0.71) and lastly, I accept my strengths and
weaknesses as part of who I am (M = 3.10, SD of 0.97). This means the respondents
have an acceptable level of mental health care for their outlook on life, peace of mind
and tranquility, being able to adjust their beliefs and attitudes prior to their
experience, acceptance of their strengths and weaknesses, and their perception of
problems as a challenge, not an obstacle.
According to Leon Flicker, et al (2006), Healthy mental ageing may be
defined as the absence of the common disabling mental health problems of older
people, especially cognitive decline and depression, accompanied by the perception
of a positive quality of life. Older people are particularly prone to negative effects
35
on mental health due to poor physical health. Modifiable aspects of lifestyle have
been shown to be associated with healthy mental ageing. These include increased
physical activity, intellectual stimulation (including education), avoidance of
smoking and various aspects of diet.
The result for the emotional health (M = 3.83, SD = 0.35) indicate good level.
When broken down; as an elderly individual, I feel an emptiness as if something is
missing in my life (M = 4.63, SD = 0.66) I have difficulty asking for what I want or
what I need (M = 4.05, SD = 0.87) I get spend too much time alone (M = 4.00, SD =
0.69) I handle stressful situations without becoming anxious (M = 3.23, SD = 0.81)
and lastly, I accept both of my positive and negative feelings (M = 3.23, SD = 0.85).
This means that the respondents' good emotional health in accepting positive or
negative feelings, spending time alone, having difficulty asking for something,
feeling emptiness in life, and handling stressful situations.
According to Dr. Ho Bee Kiau (2016), confirms that older individuals have
diverse methods of coping with their losses and life changes. If they have
successfully adjusted to maturity, they have a greater likelihood of adapting to old
age. In contrast, if they resisted change in their youth, they will likely continue to do
so and experience a variety of negative physical and emotional effects. A mature
individual may age and experience aging differently. Everyone adapts differently to
aging. Those seniors who are unable to effectively adapt may develop a variety of
emotional issues. To prevent the advent of more severe mental disorders, it is
essential to teach the elderly how to manage these emotional changes.
36
For their spiritual health, it revealed a very good spiritual health among the
respondents (M = 4.44, SD = 0.55) indicates very good level. When broken down; as
an elderly individual, I have a faith in God, saints and angels (M = 4.90, SD = 0.30) I
believed that worshipping can help me to improve my health and well-being (M =
4.85, SD = 0.48) I pray every day and night (M = 4.85, SD = 0.36) I make time to
attend services at a place of worship (M = 3.97, SD = 1.20) and lastly, I go to prayer
meetings with other who share my beliefs (M = 3.65, SD = 1.18). This means that the
respondents have a very good faith in God, pray every night, attend worship services,
go to prayer meetings, and believe that worshipping will improve their health.
According to Daniel B. Kaplan et al, (2022), For most older adults in the US,
approximately half of them attend religious services at least once per week,
demonstrating the importance of religion in their lives. Older individuals have the
highest rate of religious engagement compared to all other age groups. The religious
community provides the most social support for elderly people outside of the family,
and participation in religious organizations is the most prevalent form of voluntary
social activity, more prevalent than all other voluntary social activities combined.
Religion is correlated with better physical and mental health, and religious
individuals may argue that God's intervention is responsible for these improvements.
Experts are unable to determine whether participation in organized religion
improves health or whether psychologically or physically healthier individuals are
drawn to religious groups. If religion is beneficial, it is unclear why, whether it is the
religious beliefs themselves or other factors. Numerous such factors (e.g.,
37
psychological benefits, encouragement of healthy practices, religious community
social support) have been proposed.
Lastly, for the psychosocial health (M = 3.76, SD = 0.60) indicates good level.
When broken down; as an elderly individual, I feel a sense of belonging to a group or
community (M = 3.90, SD = 0.51) I can see my extended family in person (M = 3.88,
SD = 1.22) I spend time doing things with my family (M = 3.88, SD = 0.91) I
attended events that bring people together like community events (M = 3.73, SD =
0.84) and lastly, I make time to connect with young children, either my own or
someone else's (M = 3.42, SD = 0.83). This states that the respondents have a good
psychosocial health in terms of seeing and spending time with family in person,
making time to connect with young children, having a sense of belonging, and
attending community events.
According to S. Esmaeilzadeh (2020), the elderly people are generally
fragile and vulnerable since roles and responsibilities change, certain negative cases
related to the illness, and losses are experienced. Thus, it is quite important to aid
and support them in this phase. Moreover, ensuring elderly people to be self-
sufficient and happy constitutes the basis of elderly services. In this sense,
psychosocial care is quite significant so that they do not lose control in their life, if
so, they can regain it and they can spend their remaining years in a more satisfying
and productive way.
According to Steptoe, Deaton & Stone (2015), posits that psychosocial
wellbeing of older adults is an important consideration for economic and health
policy because of its association with longer survival. Intervention programs such as
38
Adapted Physical Activity training and Exergaming to improve psychosocial
wellbeing in old age has shown positive impact on improving mental health,
sociability, emotional function and decreasing loneliness (Fave et al., 2018; Xu et
al., 2016).
Level of Geriatric Care Given among Elderly when classified into
Demographic profile.
Table 3 presents Level of Geriatric Care Given among Elderly when classified
into Demographic profile which are classified by age, sex, monthly income, civil
status and purok.
Table 3 Level of Geriatric Care Given to Elderly when classified into
demographic profile.
Demographic Profile Mean Description SD

Age
60-69 years old 3.65 Acceptable 0.26
70-79 years old 3.49 Acceptable 0.24
80 years old and above 3.32 Poor 0.35
Sex
Male 3.51 Acceptable 0.33
Female 3.60 Acceptable 0.24
Monthly
Income
below 5,000 3.59 Acceptable 0.26
5,001-10,000 3.61 Acceptable 0.35
10,001-15,000 3.57 Acceptable 0.24
39
15,001-20,000 3.28 Poor 0.42
20,001 and above 3.51 Poor 0.23
Civil
Status
Married 3.62 Acceptable 0.27
Widowed 3.45 Poor 0.26
Purok
Purok 3 3.67 Acceptable 0.35
Legend: 1.00-1.80- Very Poor, 1.81-2.60- Poor, 2.61-3.40- Acceptable, 3.41-4.20- Good, 4.21-
5.00- Very Good
Out of 60 elderly individuals when grouped according to age, 60-69 years old
got the mean score of 3.65 indicating acceptable result, 70-79 years old got the mean
score of 3.49 indicating acceptable result, 80 years old and above got the mean score
of 3.32 indicating poor result. This means that the majority age among elderly
individuals were the 60-69 years old which got the mean score of 3.65.
In terms of sex, female got the mean score of 3.60 indicating acceptable
result while the remaining mean score of 3.51 are male indicating acceptable result.
This means that the majority sex is female which got the total mean score of 3.60.
In monthly income, below 5,000 is 3.59, indicate acceptable result, 5001 –
10,000 is 3.61, indicate acceptable result, 10,001 – 15,000 is 3.57, indicate acceptable
result. 15,001-20,00 is 3.28 indicate poor result, 20,001 and above is 3.51, indicate
poor result. This means that the majority in terms of monthly income is below 5,000
which got the total mean score of 3.59.
In civil status, married individuals got a mean score of 3.62 indicating
acceptable result while the remaining 3.45 mean score are the widowed elderly
40
individuals. This means that the majority of civil status is married which got the total
mean score of 3.62.
As to puroks, purok 3 got a mean score of 3.67 indicating acceptable result,
purok 4 got a mean score of 3.42 indicating acceptable result, purok 5 got a mean
score of 3.50 indicating acceptable result, and purok 6 got a mean score of 3.67 got a
mean score of 3.67 indicating acceptable result.
Significant relationship between the Level of Geriatric
Care Given among Elderly when classified into
Demographic profile.
Table 4 presents the significant relationship between the Level of Geriatric
Care Given among Elderly when classified into Demographic profile.
Table 4 presents the significant relationship between the Level of geriatric care
given among elderly when classified into demographic profile.
Demographic
Profile X2 df p value Remarks
Age 12.698 4 0.013 Significant
Sex 1.265 2 0.531 Not Significant
Monthly Income 5.840 8 0.665 Not Significant
Civil Status 5.192 2 0.075 Not Significant
Purok 18.575 6 0.005 Significant
p value@5% alpha level of significance
Table 4 discloses the relationship between the respondent’s descriptive
characteristics and the level of geriatric care given among elderly.
41
It can be seen from the table that the respondent’s age ( x 2=12.698, p = 0.013)
and purok ( x 2=18.575, p = 0.005) are significantly correlated to the level of geriatric
care given among elderly. This means that the age and purok of the elderly affects the
level of geriatric care.
Though respondent’s sex ( x 2=1.265, p = 0.531), monthly income ( x 2=5.840, p
= 0.665), and civil status ( x 2=5.192, p = 0.075) has no significant correlation to their
level of geriatric care given among elderly. This result is an indication that only age
and purok contribute to the level of geriatric care given to the elderly.
In terms of age, it showed a significant relationship between the level of
geriatric care given among the elderly with x 2 = 12.698 and p value = 0.013. Thus,
age does have an association with the elderly's level of geriatric care. This indicates
the level of geriatric care provided to patients also increases as they get older because,
as people age, their body systems weaken, making them more susceptible to sickness.
Hence, as people age, they require specialized care like task support, condition
monitoring, and coordination with healthcare services.
In connection to the result as to age, according to Shannon Barkley, et al
(2018), evidence suggests that integrated care for older people is the best approach for
implementing the complex spectrum of interventions that are needed if older people
are to experience the best possible outcomes. Integrated care for older people refers to
services that span the care continuum, are integrated within and among the different
levels and sites of care within the health care and long-term care systems (including
42
within the home), and are integrated according to people’s needs throughout the life
course.
In addition, according to Kiran Ghimire (2023), Older patients make the
largest share of health care consumers at present. However, due to multiple issues, it
can be overwhelming for providers to address all of these. The use of various
standardized tools can help alleviate confusion and discrepancy in assessing older
patients. It is important to address such issues on a rollover basis during each clinic
visit to improve outcomes for this vulnerable population
Therefore, the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant
relationship between the level of geriatric care given among elderly as to age is
rejected.
In terms of the location or purok, it obtained x 2 = 18.575 and a p value =
0.005 which is interpreted as significant. This means that purok has a significant
relationship with the respondent’s level of geriatric care given among the elderly.
Specifically, it has been found that a higher level of geriatric care is generated among
the elderly individuals in Purok 3. This result indicates that most elderly individuals
residing at this location receive proper geriatric care because of their demographic
data.
relationship between the level of geriatric care given among elderly as to purok is
rejected.
43
In terms of sex, it obtained x 2 = 1.265 and a p value = 0.531 which mean that
there is no significant relationship found between the respondents’ sex and their level
of geriatric care given to the elderly. It only indicates that there was insufficient
evidence in the data to reject the null hypothesis that there is no association on the
respondents’ sex and their level of geriatric care. Hence, the level of geriatric care
that older people are receiving could be influenced by various variables.
According to Arlene S. Bierman (2020), sex-and gender-based analyses
should be routine in all health research, including basic sciences, social sciences,
clinical epidemiology, health services and outcomes research. To improve the quality
of care for women and men, quality indicators should be sex-stratified to assess
whether sex and gender disparities in performance are present. When disparities are
identified, targeted interventions to reduce these disparities should be developed. It is
time to give priority to research that elucidates the underlying pathways leading to
sex and gender disparities and that develops the evidence for effective interventions
to achieve sex and gender equity in health and health care.
relationship between the level of geriatric care given among elderly as to sex is
accepted.
In the monthly income, it obtained x 2 = 5.840 and a p value = 0.665 which can
be interpreted as there is no significant relationship found between the respondents’
monthly income and their level of geriatric care given to the elderly. Although, many
research studies have shown a significant relationship between monthly income and
the level of geriatric care provided to the elderly, the result of this study revealed that
44
there is no association between the two. Therefore, this suggests that the data
provided insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
In connection to this result for monthly income, according to Milbank Q
(2018), the evidence of a positive correlation between individuals’ socioeconomic
status and their health outcome is extensive, with high-income individuals tending to
be in better health than low-income persons. This relationship has been observed for a
wide range of health measures, including mortality, chronic, obesity, functional
limitations, and self-reported health status.
According to Counsell et.al (2007), the low-income seniors represent a
diverse and complex group of older adults who frequently have socioeconomic
stressors, low health literacy, chronic medical conditions, and limited access to health
care. In addition, this group accounts for a disproportionate share of health care
expenditures including high rates of acute care utilization. Older adults in general
especially the poor often do not receive the recommended standard of care for
preventive services, chronic disease management, and geriatric syndromes.
relationship between the level of geriatric care given among elderly as to monthly
income is accepted.
In terms of the civil status, it obtained x 2 = 5.192 and a p value = 0.075 which
mean that there is no significant relationship found between the respondents’ civil
status and their level of geriatric care given to the elderly. Even though civil status is
45
a factor that can impact the level of geriatric care given, the data show that there was
insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
In connection to this result for civil status, the impact of marital status, with
respect to access to formal and informal care, has been indicated by community-based
studies showing greater rates of family support among married persons, or a lower
rate of formal care service use among the married, as well as gender differences in
marital status effect on care use. Previous research also suggests that those without
available family members are more likely to receive assistance from formal sources.
In addition, according to Joukje C. Swinkels et al, (2022), conforms that
whether the spouse provides personal care depends on his or her ability and
willingness to provide care. When both spouses became old, they may experience
overlapping and alternating health issues over time. The accumulation of health issues
in old age may make it necessary for both spouses to rely on others for care. If the
spouse himself or herself has health problems, he or she is probably unable to provide
personal care and needs. We hypothesize that spousal personal care is not received
when the spouse is not healthy. Next, we assume that the willingness to provide care
is dependent on the quality of the marital relationship. It is likely that a spouse in a
high‐quality relationship wants to invest time and effort into providing spousal care.
Caring for a sick or frail spouse can be seen as an extension of the love and support
that has been exchanged for many years. We hypothesize that an older adult in a high‐
quality marital relationship is more likely to receive personal care from the spouse
compared to one in a low‐quality relationship.
46
relationship between the level of geriatric care given among elderly as to civil status
is accepted.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter indicates the summary of findings, conclusions, and
recommendations of this study in regard to demographic profile and level of geriatric
care given among elderly.
47
Summary of Findings
The primary objective of this study was to determine the extent of relationship
between the elderly’s demographic profiles and the level of geriatric care given
among them and the descriptive-correlational research design was utilized in this
study. The respondents of this study were selected elderly individuals from Puroks 3,
4, 5, and 6 of Barangay Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan. This study was the output from
Nursing Research – 1 which was used for Nursing Research – 2 (1 st semester to 2nd
semester of S.Y 2022 – 2023).
This descriptive-correlational research was conducted to determine the level
of geriatric care given among elderly of the following barangay: Puroks 3, 4, 5, and 6
of Barangay Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan.
Based on the results gathered and interpreted by the researcher, the following
findings were made:
1. The demographic profile of the elderly individuals in terms of age, sex, monthly
income, civil status, and purok are the following: 60-69 y/0 is 56.7%, 70-79 y/o is
33.3%, and 80 y/o above is 10%. This means that, in our elderly, the majority age
is the 60-69 years old which got the total of 56.7%. Female got the total of 63.3%
while male is 36.7%. This means that the majority sex is female which got the
total of 63.3%. Below 5,000 is 56.7%, 5001 – 10,000 is 16.7%, 10,001 – 15,000
is 11.7%, 15,001-20,00 is 5.00% and 20,001 and above is 10.00%. This means
that the monthly income of the elderly is below 5,000 pesos a month. The married
48
elderlies are in the total of 68.3% while the widowed is 31.7%. This means that
the majority of civil status is married which got the total of 68.3%.
2. The level of geriatric care given among elderly are the following: The level of
geriatric care given among the elderly that was measured by physical health,
environmental health, mental health, emotional health, spiritual health, and
psychosocial health were revealed by the mean ratings of the following: very
good level of care was revealed for spiritual health (x = 4.44, SD = 0.55), good
level of care for environmental health (x = 3.42, SD = 0.45), emotional health (x
= 3.83, SD = 0.35), and psychosocial health (x = 3.76, SD = 0.60). Likewise,
acceptable care was shown for physical health (x = 2.64, SD = 0.38), and mental
health (x = 3.30, SD = 0.59) Overall, the level of geriatric care given among the
elderly scored a good level of care (x = 3.57, SD = 0.28).
3. The level of geriatric care given among the elderly scored a “good level” of care.
4. There is significant relationship between the level of geriatric care given as to age
(X2= 12.698, p= 0.013) and purok (X2= 18.575, p= 0.005) and There is no
significant relationship between the level of geriatric care given as to sex (X2=
1.265, p= 0.531), monthly income (X2=5.840, p= 0.665), and civil status
(X2=5.192, p= 0.075).
Conclusions
In the light of the above findings presented, the following conclusions were
drawn;
1. Based on the demographic profile, respondents were predominantly female, ages
60–69 years old, with monthly income below 5,000, and married.
49
2. The level of geriatric care given to the elderly has a positive effect on their general
wellbeing. The elderly professes a very good level of care for their spiritual health.
This indicates that the respondents' belief in God is quite strong. Additionally, they
believe that praying every night, participating in worship services, and attending
prayer gatherings will improve their health.
3. The elderly's age and purok have a significant positive correlation with the level of
geriatric care given among the elderly. This shows that the quality of geriatric care
given to patients also improves as they age because their increased vulnerability
makes them more susceptible to illness. Hence, as people age, they need specialized
care, such as assistance and proper healthcare. In response to purok, one reason for
purok to be a significant factor might be the accessibility of the elderly to healthcare
facilities and community support, thus resulting in a very good level of geriatric care
being given to the elderly in that certain purok, which would indicate a significant
correlation with the level of geriatric care given to the elderly.
4. The level of geriatric care given among the elderly scored a “good level” of care.
Recommendations
Based on research findings and conclusions drawn, the following topics for
additional research are recommended:
1. The Elderly, this study may encourage them to consider specialized geriatric care
to prioritize their health. This will help them to monitor, maintain and improve their
50
lifestyle. Also, they may advocate for geriatric care to the public for improved quality
of life.
2. The Community, this study may help open the possibility of establishing a
community center, thereby providing access to adequate geriatric health care for
community elders to have a place close to home that caters to their needs and
manages and builds their health as they navigate the challenging medical conditions
that are related to aging. This study may encourage the community to be open to
accommodating the queries and health-related issues of the elderly.
3. For nursing students, this study may serve as a guide to help them consider
geriatric care and encourage the elderly to receive it. Also, nursing students may
create an advocacy group to promote improved quality of life, manage overall health,
and better access to health care for the elderly through geriatric care.
4. The medical and allied health professionals, this study may serve as their guide
to consider geriatric care when providing care for the elderly and encourage them to
seek medical consultation to experience it. Medical and allied health professionals
may create an advocacy group to promote geriatric care to improve the health of the
elderly.
5. The future researchers, may use this study as a guide to further investigate and
explore it to increase their understanding of geriatric care and its positive effects and
impact on the health of the elderly.
51
REFERENCES
Awing A. (2021) Knowledge and Practice in The Care of Geriatrics Among

Family Caregivers in Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center. Baguio
General Hospital and Medical Center.
Asadzadeh M. (2022) A review study of the providing elderly care services in

different countries. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.
52
Barkley S. (2018) Integrated Care for Older People. Department of Service
Delivery and Safety.
Bertakis K.D. (2020) Gender differences in the utilization of health care

services. The Journal of Family Practice, pp. 147-52.
Bierman A. (2020) Sex matters: gender disparities in quality and outcomes of

care. Journal of Canadian Medical Association, pp. 1520-1521.
Carandang R.R. & Asis E. (2019) Unmet Needs and Coping Mechanisms
Among Community-Dwelling Senior Citizens in the Philippines: A
Qualitative Study. Journal of International of Environment Research and
Public Health, pp. 3745.
Chan M. (2012) The New Normal: Life after Sixty. Lecture Delivered at the
Congress on Gerontology and Geriatrics and the 20th International Seminar
on Care for the Elderly. Havana, Cuba.
Counsell S. & Callahan C. (2007) Geriatric Care Management for Low-Income

Seniors. Indiana University School of Medicine.
Deaton, Steptoe & Stone (2015) Psychological wellbeing, health and ageing.
HH Author Manuscripts. US National Institute on Aging, pp. 640-648.
Espinosa P.P. (2016) Socio-demographic Profile and Mental Health Conditions

of Older People: An Enhancement of the Community-Based Mental Health
Program. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacol, pp. 87-88.
Flicker L. & Lautenschlager N. (2006) Healthy Mental Ageing. Journal of

British Menopause Society, pp. 92-96.
53
Ghimire K. & Dahal R. (2023) Geriatric Care Special Needs Assessment.
Hariyanti T. (2018) Gender-associated factors for frailty and their impact on

hospitalization and mortality among community-dwelling older adults: a
cross-sectional population-based study.
Hong Y.C. (2013) Aging Society and Environmental Health Challenges.

Journal of Environmental Health Perspective, pp. a68-a69.
Ingle G. and Nath A. (2008) Geriatric Health in India: Concerns and Solutions.
Journal of Indian Community Medicine, pp. 214-218.
Jaison J. & Das K. (2020) Mental health concerns related to COVID-19

outbreak in the middle-aged and elderly population. Haryana, North India.
Journal of Geriatric Mental Health, pp. 100-104.
Kaplan D. & Berkman B. (2022) Religion and Spirituality in Older Adults.
Kiau H.B. (2016) Emotional Changes Among Older Person.
Milbank Q. (2018) Does a Higher Income Have Positive Health Effects? Using
the Earned Income Tax Credit to Explore the Income-Health Gradient.
Journal of Population Health and Policy, pp. 694-727.
Moncatar T.J. & Nakamura K. (2019) Health Status and Health Facility
Utilization of Community-Dwelling Elderly Living Alone in the Philippines:
A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. Japan: Tokyo, Japan.
Narmatha D. (2022) Social and health concerns of elderly women. Rural area in
Tirupur District Tamil Nadu. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
11(8):p 4447-4451.
54
Ocansey & Parmar (2013) Preparing nurses and nursing students to care for
older adults in lower and middle-income countries: A scoping review.
International Journal of Nursing Studies,Volume 92, April 2019, Pages 121-
134.
Ren Q. and Treiman D. (2015) Living Arrangements of the Elderly in China

and Consequences for Their Emotional Well-being. China: Taylor &
Francis.
Swinkels J. & Tilburg T. (2022) Why do spouses provide personal care? A

study among care‐receiving Dutch community‐dwelling older adults.
Shah B. & Prabhakar AK. (1997) Chronic morbidity profile among elderly.
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
Taylor D. (2014) Physical activity is medicine for older adults. Post graduate
Medical Journal. Northcote, Auckland 0627, New Zealand.
World Health Organization (2017) Integrated care for older people.
Xu X. & Li J. (2016) Improving Psychosocial Well-Being of Older Adults

Through Exergaming: The Moderation Effects of Intergenerational
Communication and Age Cohorts. Journal of Game Health, pp. 389-397.
APPENDIX A
Dean Recommending Approval Letter
55
SCHOOL OF NURSING
November 21, 2022

Research Adviser
Kalibo, Aklan
Sir:
Good day!
I am Mafelyn F. Delgado, a third-year nursing students of Saint Gabriel College, I will be

conducting a research proposal entitled “Level of Geriatric Care Given Among Elderly in
Barangay Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan”. This study will be conducted to describe the
demographic profile of the elderlies and to determine the Level of Geriatric Care Given Among
Elderly in terms of physical, environmental, mental, emotional, psychosocial and spiritual.
In this regard, we would like to ask your assistance as an expert in this field to be our
research adviser with our research paper.
Your favorable response regarding this request and making this study achievable are
highly appreciated. APPENDIX B
Research Adviser's Approval and Certificate
Yours truly,
MAFELYN F. DELGADO
Researcher
Recommendation Approval: 56 Approved By:
NESTORIO M. MOLAS, JR., RN, MN, PhD (c) DR. MIKKO JAN D. LOPEZ
Dean of the College of Nursing Research Adviser
APPENDIX C
57
Validators and Certification
APPENDIX C
58

SCHOOL OF NURSING
March 13, 2023
CERTIFICATE OF VALIDATION
This is to certify that the questionnaire used by Mafelyn F. Delgado level 3 Nursing
students had undergone validation by experts. The experts can attest that the questionnaire had
passed through careful examination and were proven substantially useful for thesis entitled:
"LEVEL OF GERIATRIC CARE GIVEN AMONG ELDERLY IN BARANGAY
LAGUINBANWA, IBAJAY, AKLAN”
CERTIFIED BY:
APRIL JOY A. TALAS RN, MAN, LPT

Validator’s Name
APPENDIX C
59
60
APPENDIX C

SCHOOL OF NURSING
March 15, 2023
CERTIFIED BY:
RICHEL JOHN TEODOSIO, MAT, PhD (u)

APPENDIX C Validator’s Name
61
APPENDIX C
62
SCHOOL OF NURSING
March 12, 2023
CERTIFIED BY:
JENNYFEL R. DINGLASAN, PhD

Validator’s Name
APPENDIX D
Barangay Captain Consent and Approval Letter
63
SCHOOL OF NURSING
May 15 , 2023
HON. ERMAR F. SITJAR

Barangay Captain Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan
Municipality of Ibajay
Province of Aklan
Dear Hon. Ermar F. Sitjar,
I am Mafelyn F. Delgado, a third-year nursing students of Saint Gabriel College. I

currently conducting a research study with the title of “Level of Geriatric Care Given Among
Elderly in Barangay Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan”. This study aims to determine the Level of
Geriatric Care Given Among Elderly in Barangay Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan
In this connection, I would like to ask permission from your good office to allow me to
conduct a survey among the selected senior citizens in your barangay. Rest assured that the data
gathered will be strictly for research purposes only and will be kept with utmost confidentiality.
I am looking forward for a favourable response regarding this matter. Thank you!
APPENDIX E
Respondent's Inform Consent Letter
64
SCHOOL OF NURSING
Dear Sir/Madam:
Good Day!
I am Mafelyn F. Delgado, a third-year nursing students of Saint Gabriel College. I

currently conducting a research study with the title of “The Level of Geriatric Care Among
Elderly in Barangay Laguinbanwa, Ibajay, Aklan”. This study aims to determine the The
Level of Geriatric Care Among Elderly in Barangay Laguinbanwa of Ibajay.
In this regard, I would like to ask your participation by answering the research
questionnaires prepared by the researcher and rest assured that all the information derived herein
will be treated with utmost confidentiality. In administering the questionnaire, I will render the
health protocol in accordance to the government rule due to pandemic and we will collect the
questionnaire after five days
Thank you and more power!
Respectfully yours,
MAFELYN F. DELGADO
Researcher
APPENDIX F
INSTRUCTION: Please answer the question and put a tick mark (✔) on the appropriate
boxes or by filling in the blanks. Rest assured that all the information derived herein will be
treated with utmost confidentiality.
PART I: DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
65
Name (optional): Date for Conducting the Survey:
Age:
60 – 69 years old
70 – 79 years old
80 years old and above

Sex:
Male
Female
Monthly Income:
Below 5,000
5,001 – 10,000
10,001 – 15,000
15,001 – 20,000
20, 001 and above

Civil Status: Single
Married
Separated
Widowed
Location (purok): Purok 3
Purok 4
Purok 5
Purok 6
PART II: GERIATRIC CARE GIVEN AMONG ELDERLY IN TERMS OF PHYSICAL,

ENVIRONMENTAL, MENTAL, EMOTIONAL, SPIRITUAL & PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH.
General Directions: Please put a check (✔) in the box to indicate your answer to determine the level
of geriatric care given among elderly. Use the following scale below as guide:
1 = Very Poor
2 = Poor
3 = Acceptable
66
4 = Good
5 = Very Good
PHYSICAL HEALTH Very Good Acceptable Poor Very

Good Poor
As an elderly individual, I maintain a
healthy diet (no trans-fats, low sugar,
fresh produce, and whole grains).
As an elderly individual, I use
mobility aids such as, wheelchair,
rollator, walking stick and hearing
aid.
As an elderly individual, I do
morning exercises like, walking,
yoga and Zumba.
As an elderly individual, I am free of
chronic aches, pains, ailments, and
diseases.
As an elderly individual, I am still
capable of carrying out autonomous
everyday tasks including eating,
dressing, and taking a shower.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Very Good Acceptable Poor Very

Good Poor
As an elderly individual, I live in a
healthy environment with clean air,
water, and low/no indoor pollution.
As an elderly individual, I fall asleep
easily and sleep soundly.
As an elderly individual, I have a
strong connection with and
appreciation for my body, home, and
environment.
As an elderly individual, I have more
than enough energy to meet all of my
daily responsibilities.
As an elderly individual, I feel
energized and empowered by nature.
MENTAL HEALTH Very Good Acceptable Poor Very Poor

Good
As an elderly individual, my
outlook on life is basically
optimistic.
67
As an elderly individual, I
maintain peace of mind and
tranquility.
am able to adjust my beliefs
and attitudes as a result of
learning from painful
experiences.
accept my strengths and
weaknesses as part of who I
am.
view problem situations as
“challenges” not as obstacles.
EMOTIONAL HEALTH Very Good Acceptable Poor Very Poor

Good
accept both of my positive
and negative feelings.
get spend too much time
alone.
have difficulty asking for
what I want or what I need.
feel an emptiness as if
something is missing in my
life.
As an elderly individual, In
general, I handle stressful
situations without becoming
anxious.
SPIRITUAL HEALTH Very Good Acceptable Poor Very Poor

Good
As an elderly individual, I have a
faith in God, saints and angels.
As an elderly individual, I pray

every day and night.
68
As an elderly individual, I make
time to attend services at a place
of worship.
As an elderly individual, I go to
prayer meetings with other who
share my beliefs.
believed that worshipping can
help me to improve my health
and well-being.

SCHOOL OF NURSING
PSYCHOSOCIAL Very Good Acceptable Poor Very

HEALTH Good Poor
As an elderly individual, I can
see my extended family in March 30, 2023
person.
As an elderly individual, I spend

time doing things with my
family. CERTIFICATE
As an elderly individual, I make

time to connect with young
children, either my own or
This is to certify that MAFELYN F. DELGADO who is working on the research paper
someone else's.
entitled "THE LEVEL OF GERIATRIC CARE GIVEN AMONG ELDERLY" has
As an elderly individual, I feel a
sense of belonging to a group or
conferred with me for the statistical analysis of their research paper. I acknowledged the efforts
community.
to consider my judgements regarding the statistics of their paper.
attended events that bring people
together like community events.
This certification was issued for whatever purpose it may serve

APPENDIX G
Statistician's Letter and Certification
CERTIFIED BY:
69
Statistician
APPENDIX H
SPSS Results
FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=Age Sex Monthly Income Civil Status Purok / ORDER = ANALYSIS.
Frequencies
70
Notes
Output Created 30-MAR-2023 19:20:39
Comments
Input Active Dataset DataSet0
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in
Working Data 60
File
Missing Value Handling Definition of User-defined missing values are
Missing treated as missing.
Cases Used Statistics are based on all cases
with valid data.
Syntax FREQUENCIES
VARIABLES=Age sex
MonthlyIncome CivilStatus Purok
/ORDER=ANALYSIS.
Resources Processor Time 00:00:00.00
Elapsed Time 00:00:00.00
Statistics
Monthly
Age Sex Income Civil Status Purok
N Valid 60 60 60 60 60
Missing 0 0 0 0 0
Frequency Table
Age
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 1.00 34 56.7 56.7 56.7
2.00 20 33.3 33.3 90.0
3.00 6 10.0 10.0 100.0
71
Total 60 100.0 100.0
Sex
Cumulative
Valid 1.00 22 36.7 36.7 36.7
2.00 38 63.3 63.3 100.0
Total 60 100.0 100.0
Monthly Income
Cumulative
Valid 1.00 34 56.7 56.7 56.7
2.00 10 16.7 16.7 73.3
3.00 7 11.7 11.7 85.0
4.00 3 5.0 5.0 90.0
5.00 6 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 60 100.0 100.0
Civil Status
Cumulative
Valid 2.00 41 68.3 68.3 68.3
4.00 19 31.7 31.7 100.0
Total 60 100.0 100.0
Purok
72
Cumulative
Valid 3.00 15 25.0 25.0 25.0
4.00 15 25.0 25.0 50.0
5.00 15 25.0 25.0 75.0
6.00 15 25.0 25.0 100.0
Total 60 100.0 100.0
COMPUTE Overall=
Mean(Physical,Environmental,Mental,Emotional,Spiritual,Psychos
ocial). EXECUTE.DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=Physical Environmental
Mental Emotional Spiritual Psychosocial
Overall/STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV MIN MAX.
Descriptives
Notes
Comments
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in
Working Data 60
File
Missing Value Definition of User defined missing
Handling Missing values are treated as
missing.
Cases Used All non-missing data are
used.
73
Syntax DESCRIPTIVES
VARIABLES=Physical
Environmental Mental
Emotional Spiritual
Psychosocial Overall
/STATISTICS=MEAN
STDDEV MIN MAX.
Descriptive Statistics
Std.
N Minimum Maximum Mean Deviation
Physical 60 1.80 3.60 2.6400 .38409
Environmental 60 2.60 4.80 3.4233 .45412
Mental 60 1.80 5.00 3.3000 .59432
Emotional 60 2.60 5.00 3.8300 .35286
Spiritual 60 3.20 5.00 4.4433 .55368
Psychosocial 60 1.60 5.00 3.7633 .60112
Overall 60 2.80 4.33 3.5667 .27855
Valid N
60
(listwise)
MEANS TABLES=Overall BY Age sex Monthly Income Civil

Status Purok /CELLS=MEAN COUNT STDDEV.
Means
Notes
Comments
74
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
Split File <none>
N of Rows in
Working Data 60
File
Missing Value Definition of For each dependent
Handling Missing variable in a table, user-
defined missing values
for the dependent and all
grouping variables are
treated as missing.
Cases Used Cases used for each
table have no missing
values in any
independent variable,
and not all dependent
variables have missing
values.
Syntax MEANS
TABLES=Overall BY
Age sex MonthlyIncome
CivilStatus Purok
/CELLS=MEAN
COUNT STDDEV.
Case Processing Summary

Cases
Included Excluded Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Overall * Age 60 100.0% 0 0.0% 60 100.0%
Overall * sex 60 100.0% 0 0.0% 60 100.0%
Overall *
60 100.0% 0 0.0% 60 100.0%
Monthly Income
75
Overall * Civil
60 100.0% 0 0.0% 60 100.0%
Status
Overall * Purok 60 100.0% 0 0.0% 60 100.0%
Overall * Age
Overall
Std.
Age Mean N Deviation
1.00 3.6539 34 .25545
2.00 3.4933 20 .23881
3.00 3.3167 6 .34625
Total 3.5667 60 .27855
Overall * sex
Overall
Std.
sex Mean N Deviation
1.00 3.5136 22 .33470
2.00 3.5974 38 .23979
Total 3.5667 60 .27855
Overall * Monthly Income

Overall
MonthlyIncom Std.
e Mean N Deviation
1.00 3.5882 34 .25740
2.00 3.6100 10 .35348
3.00 3.5714 7 .24070
4.00 3.2778 3 .41678
5.00 3.5111 6 .23158
Total 3.5667 60 .27855
Overall * civil Status
76
Overall
civil Std.
Status Mean N Deviation
2.00 3.6211 41 .27098
4.00 3.4491 19 .26419
Total 3.5667 60 .27855
Overall * Purok
Overall
Std.
Purok Mean N Deviation
3.00 3.6733 15 .35349
4.00 3.4178 15 .28726
5.00 3.5022 15 .23720
6.00 3.6733 15 .10328
Total 3.5667 60 .27855
RECODE Overall (1.00 thru 1.80=1) (1.81 thru 2.60=2)

(2.61 thru 3.40=3) (3.41 thru 4.20=4) (4.21
thru 5=5) INTO Group_Over.
EXECUTE.
CROSSTABS
/TABLES=Age sex MonthlyIncome CivilStatus Purok BY
Group_Over
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ
/CELLS=COUNT
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
Crosstabs
Notes
Comments
Filter <none>
Weight <none>
77
Split File <none>
N of Rows in
Working Data 60
File
Missing Value Definition of User-defined missing values are
Handling Missing treated as missing.
Cases Used Statistics for each table are based
on all the cases with valid data in
the specified range(s) for all
variables in each table.
Syntax CROSSTABS
/TABLES=Age sex Monthly
Income civil Status Purok BY
Group Over
/FORMAT=AVALUE
TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ
/CELLS=COUNT
/COUNT ROUND CELL.
Dimensions
2
Requested
Cells Available 524245
Case Processing Summary

Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Age * Group
59 98.3% 1 1.7% 60 100.0%
Over
sex * Group
59 98.3% 1 1.7% 60 100.0%
Over
Monthly Income
59 98.3% 1 1.7% 60 100.0%
* Group Over
civil Status *
59 98.3% 1 1.7% 60 100.0%
Group Over
78
Purok * Group
59 98.3% 1 1.7% 60 100.0%
Over
Age * Group_Over
Crosstab
Count
Group_Over
3.00 4.00 5.00 Total
Age 1.00 3 29 1 33
2.00 8 12 0 20
3.00 4 2 0 6
Total 15 43 1 59
Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-
12.698 4 .013
Square
Likelihood Ratio 13.011 4 .011
Linear-by-Linear
12.135 1 .000
Association
N of Valid Cases 59
Sex * Group_Over
Crosstab
Count
Group_Over
3.00 4.00 5.00 Total
sex 1.00 7 15 0 22
79
2.00 8 28 1 37
Total 15 43 1 59
Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-
1.265 2 .531
Square
Linear-by-Linear
1.050 1 .305
Association
N of Valid Cases 59
Monthly Income * Group_Over
Crosstab
Count
Group_Over
3.00 4.00 5.00 Total
Monthly 1.00 9 24 0 33
Income 2.00 2 7 1 10
3.00 1 6 0 7
4.00 1 2 0 3
5.00 2 4 0 6
Total 15 43 1 59
Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-
5.840 8 .665
Square
80
Linear-by-Linear
.010 1 .921
Association
N of Valid Cases 59
civil Status * Group_Over
Crosstab
Count
Group_Over
3.00 4.00 5.00 Total
CivilStatu 2.00 7 33 1 41
s 4.00 8 10 0 18
Total 15 43 1 59
Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-
5.192 2 .075
Square
Linear-by-Linear
5.085 1 .024
Association
N of Valid Cases 59
Purok * Group_Over
Crosstab
Count
Group_Over
3.00 4.00 5.00 Total
Purok 3.00 2 11 1 14
81
4.00 9 6 0 15
5.00 4 11 0 15
6.00 0 15 0 15
Total 15 43 1 59
Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance
Value df (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-
18.575 6 .005
Square
Linear-by-Linear
1.194 1 .275
Association
N of Valid Cases 59
APPENDIX I
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Details
Name : MAFELYN FERNANDEZ DELGADO
82
Date & Place of Birth : IBAJAY, 16TH DECEMBER 2001
Sex : FEMALE
Address : LAGUINBANWA, IBAJAY, AKLAN
Marital Status : SINGLE
Contact No. : 09690352557
Email : [email protected]
Education
2007 – 2006 ST. PETER PAROCHIAL SCHOOL

KINDER GARTEN GRADUATE
AWARDED AS MOST BEHAVE
BEST IN SCIENCE
2013 – 2014 IBAJAY CENTRAL SCHOOL

ELEMENTARY DRADUATE
WITH HONORS
2017 – 2018 MELCHOR MEMORIAL SCHOOL,

INC.
JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETER
WITH HONORS
BEST IN CULTURE & ARTS
BEST IN ENGLISH
2019 – 2020 MELCHOR MEMORIAL SCHOOL, INC.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE
UNDER THE STRAND STEM
WITH HONORS
BEST IN CULTURE & ARTS
BEST IN ENGLISH
2 ND PLACE IN RADIO
BROADCASTING
2023 – PRESENT SAINT GABRIEL COLLEGE

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
CHARACTER REFERENCES:
CAPT. ERMAR F. SITJAR
Barangay Captain of Laguinbanwa Ibajay
HON. JULIO ESTOLLOSO

Municipal Vice Mayor of Ibajay
83
NESTORIO M. MOLAS JR., RN, MN, PhD
Dean of the College of Nursing
84

MFD Level of Geriatric Care Given Among Elderly

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MFD Level of Geriatric Care Given Among Elderly

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

MFD Level of Geriatric Care Given Among Elderly

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LEVEL OF GERIATRIC CARE GIVEN AMONG ELDERLY IN

A Research Paper Presented to the

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

RESEARCH PAPER APPROVAL SHEET

This Paper, “LEVEL OF GERIATRIC CARE GIVEN AMONG ELDELRY IN BARANGAY

DR. MIKKO JAN D. LOPEZ

CHARRIE C. MOLAS RN, MAN LYLE C. IBABAO, MPA, Phd

Engr. ERDYN J. MAGBIRO, EdD, MBA

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree,

NESTORIO M. MOLAS JR. RN, MN.

RICHIE G. BAYURAN, RPh, MS RANDALL ANSELMO S. LEGASPI

and blessings, this study would not have been possible;

for the continuous support, patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immersion in

To the questionnaire validators, Dr. Richel John Teodosio, Dr. Jennyfel R.

without her shared expertise.

who served as our respondents.

the information and important data of the study.

inspire me to strive harder and reach for my dreams.

paper. I love you, Dong.

access to quality health care.

I. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Significance of the Study 7

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1 Research paradigm of the study 7

2 Five (5) Point Likert Scale 23

3 Mean Range Scale 27

1 Demographic Profile of the Respondents 28

A Dean’s Recommending and Approval Letter 55

B Research Adviser’s Approval Letter 56

C Validator’s Letter and Certification 57

D Barangay Captain’s Consent and Approval Letter 63

E Respondent’s Inform Consent Letter 64

G Statistician’s Letter and Certification 69

Background of the Study

care tends to the physical, psychological, socioeconomic, cultural, and spiritual

requirements of an elderly person.

role of those in the health care services. It is a collaboration of their family,

According to Bakerjian (2022), including patients and their families as

partners in care results in more meaningful person-centered care, more successful

preventative and treatment programs, and better outcomes. Practitioners must

coordinating care across patients' numerous healthcare settings. Additionally, in

additionally experience cognitive, social, or functioning issues.

According to Asadzadeh et.al (2022), Population aging had become a global

intervention, and planning and policies-making of governments, the quality of life of

the elderly is severely impaired.

According to World Health Organization (2022), hearing loss, cataracts and

According to Awing (2021), family caregivers' knowledge and practices are

essential, especially in providing care to geriatric patients. Having a proper

and practices of caregivers in providing care. Family caregiving role is broad in

Programs should be made under geriatric to train caregivers for them to be

caregivers are adequately prepared. Geriatric programs should be developed to

issues that affect the elderly.

This study was conducted to know if these ageing individuals of Barangay

thus, they need proper care and treatment.

spend their twilight years with joy in their hearts.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM