ZIET BHUBANESWAR

Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction

CASE BASED STUDY QUESTIONS

Q1. According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, there will be an EMF induced
in the second winding. If the circuit of this secondary winding is closed, then a current will
flow through it. This is the basic working principle of a transformer. Let us use electrical
symbols to help visualize this. The winding which receives electrical power from the source
is known as the „primary winding‟. In the diagram below this is the „First Coil‟. The
winding which gives the desired output voltage due to mutual induction is commonly known
as the ‘secondary winding’. This is the ‘Second Coil’ . A transformer that increases voltage
between the primary to secondary windings is defined as a step-up transformer. Conversely, a
transformer that decreases voltage between the primary to secondary windings is defined as a
step-down transformer. Whether the transformer increases or decreases the voltage level
depends on the relative number of turns between the primary and secondary side of the
transformer. If there are more turns on the primary coil than the secondary coil than the
voltage will decrease (step down). If there are less turns on the primary coil than the
secondary coil than the voltage will increase (step up). While the diagram of the transformer
above is theoretically possible in an ideal transformer – it is not very practical. This is
because in the open air only a very tiny portion of the flux produced from the first coil will
link with the second coil. So the current that flows through the closed circuit connected to the
secondary winding will be extremely small (and difficult to measure). The rate of change of
flux linkage depends upon the amount of linked flux with the second winding. So ideally
almost all of the flux of primary winding should link to the secondary winding. This is
effectively and efficiently done by using a core type transformer. This provides a low
reluctance path common to both of the windings.

i. The secondary winding of which of the following transformers is always kept closed?

(a) Current transformer

(b) Voltage transformer

(c) Power transformer

(d) Step down transformer

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 1

ii. If the supply frequency of a transformer increases, the secondary output voltage of The
transformer

(a) Increase

(b)Decrease

(c)Remain the same

(d)Any of the above

iii. The open-circuit test in a transformer is used to measure

(a)Copper loss

(b)Winding loss

(c)Total loss

(d)Core loss

iv. Lamination of the transformer core is made of

(a)Cast Iron

(b)Silicon Steel

(c) Aluminium

(d)Cast Steel

v. A transformer transform

(a)Current

(b)Voltage & current

(c)Frequency

(d)Voltage

Q.2. Mutual Inductance between the two coils is defined as the property of the coil due to
which it opposes the change of current in the other coil, or you can say in the neighbouring
coil. When the current in the neighbouring coil changes, the flux sets up in the coil and
because of this, changing flux emf is induced in the coil called Mutually Induced emf and the
phenomenon is known as Mutual Inductance. The value of Mutual Inductance (M) depends

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 2

upon the following factors 1. Number of turns in the secondary or neighbouring coil 2. Cross-
sectional area 3. Closeness of the two coils.

Mutual Coupling In the Magnetic Circuit When on a magnetic core, two or more than two
coils are wound, the coils are said to be mutually coupled. The current, when passed in any of
the coils wound around the magnetic core, produces flux which links all the coils together
and also the one in which current is passed. Hence, there will be both self-induced emf and
mutual induced emf in each of the coils. The best example of the mutual inductance is the
transformer, which works on the principle of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction.
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction states that “ the magnitude of voltage is directly
proportional to the rate of change of flux.” which is explained in the topic Faraday’s Law of
Electromagnetic Induction.

i. The phenomenon due to which there is an induced current in one coil due to current in a
neighbouring coil is?

A. Electromagnetism

B. Susceptance

C. Mutual inductance

D. Steady current

ii. Mutual inductance between two magnetically coupled coils depends on

A. Permeability of the core material

B. Number of turns of the coils

C. Cross sectional area of their common core

D. All of the above

iii. Which of the following is unit of inductance?

A. Ohm

B. Henry

C. Ampere turns

D. Webers/meter

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 3

 iv. Which of the following circuit elements will oppose the change in circuit current?

A. Capacitance

B. Inductance

C. Resistance

D. All of the above

v. If in an iron cored coil the iron core is removed so as to make the air cored coil, the
inductance of the coil will be

A. More

B. Less

C. The same

D. None of these

Sl No Questions
Q3 Eddy Current Brake:

Eddy currents are loops of electrical current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic
field in the conductor according to Faraday's law of induction. By Lenz's law, an eddy current creates
a magnetic field that opposes the change in the magnetic field that created it, and thus eddy currents
react back on the source of the magnetic field.
An eddy current brake, also known as induction brake or electric brake is a device used to slow or
stop a moving object by dissipating its kinetic energy as heat. Unlike friction brakes, where the drag
force that stops the moving object is provided by friction between two surfaces pressed together, the
drag force in an eddy current brake is an electromagnetic force between a magnet and a
nearby conductive object in relative motion, due to eddy currents induced in the conductor
through electromagnetic induction.
i) Eddy currents are produced, when
a. A metal is kept in a steady magnetic field

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 4

 b. A metal is kept in varying magnetic field
c. A circular coil is placed in a magnetic field
d. Through a circular coil current is passed

ii) Eddy currents are always produced in a plane

a. Parallel to the direction of magnetic field
b. Perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field
c. Opposite to the direction of magnetic field
d. None of these

iii) Which of the following is not an application of eddy current?

a. Induction furnace
b. Galvanometer damping
c. Magnetic brake
d. X-ray crystallography

iv) The direction of eddy currents can be determined using

a. Faraday’s law
b. Ampere’s law
c. Lenz’s law
d. Gauss’s law

v) In induction furnace, heat is produced due to

a. Capacitor
b. Resistance
c. Eddy currents
d. None of these

Q4

AC generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The AC

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 5

 Generator’s input supply is mechanical energy supplied by steam turbines, gas turbines and
combustion engines. The output is alternating electrical power in the form of alternating voltage and
current.
AC generators work on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, which states
that electromotive force – EMF or voltage – is generated in a current-carrying conductor that cuts a
uniform magnetic field. This can either be achieved by rotating a conducting coil in a static magnetic
field or rotating the magnetic field containing the stationary conductor.

i) AC generator works on the principle of

a. Mutual Induction
b. Electromagnetic induction
c. Self Induction
d. None of these

ii) In AC generator, current in the circuit will maximum, when

a. Flux linked with the coil maximum
b. Flux linked with the coil zero
c. Angle between magnetic field and area vector is zero
d. None of these

iii) An AC generator consists of a coil of 1000 turns and cross-sectional area of 10-2 m2, rotating with an
angular speed of 100rpm in a uniform magnetic field of 4.2 x 10-2 T. The maximum emf produced in
the coil is
a. 1.4 V
b. 3.4 V
c. 4.4 V
d. 5.0 V

iv) The rate of change of flux is greatest at θ equal to

a. 900, 2700
b. 900, 450
c. 600, 900
d. 1800, 900

v) AC generator is a device that converts

a. Electrical energy into mechanical energy

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 6

 b. Mechanical energy into electrical energy
c. Mechanical energy into heat energy
d. All of these

Q5. The migratory pattern of bird is one the mysteries in the field of biology, and indeed all
of science. Every winter birds from Siberia fly unerringly to water spots in the Indian
subcontinent. There has been a suggestion that electromagnetic induction may provide a clue
to these migratory patterns. The earth’s magnetic field has existed throughout evolutionary
history. It would of great benefit to migratory birds to use this field to determine the
direction. As far as we know birds contain no ferromagnetic material. So electromagnetic
induction seems to be the only reasonable mechanism to determine direction.
a. If magnetic field of earth is 4×10-5T, two relevant points of anatomy of the bird be
separated by the distance l= 2cm and the velocity of the bird be 10 m/s, then the motional emf
of bird is
(i) 8µV (ii) 4µV (iii) 12µV (iv)0µV
b. A induced emf is called back emf because
(i) Induced emf produced in a circuit always opposes the cause that produced it
(ii) Induced emf produced in a circuit always supports the cause that produced it.
(iii) The induced emf remains unaffected by the cause that produced it
(iv) The induced emf remains constant
c. Metallic wire coil is stationary in a non-uniform magnetic field. The emf induced in it will
be
(i) Maximum (ii) Minimum
(iii) Zero (iv) Independent of the magnetic field
d. The inductance l of a solenoid depends upon its radius r as
(i) l α r (ii) l α r2 (iii) l α r3 (iv) l α r-1
e. The S.I unit of inductance is
i. henry
ii. weber
iii. tesla
iv. gauss

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 7

Q6 Migration Of Birds:

The migratory birds patterns is one of the mysteries in the field of science. For example, every winter birds
from Siberia fly unerringly to water spots in the Indian sub- continent. There has been a suggestion that
electromagnetic induction may provide a clue to the migratory patterns. The earth’s magnetic field has
existed throughout evolutionary history. It would be of great benefit to migratory birds to use this field to
determine the direction. As far as we know birds contains no ferromagnetic materials. So, electromagnetic
induction seems to be the only reasonable mechanism to determine the direction. Consider the optimal case
where the magnetic field B, the velocity of the bird v and two relevant points of its anatomy separated by a
distance l, all three are mutually perpendicular. From the formula for motional emf i.e., ε=Blv

Certain kinds of fishes are able to detect small potential differences. However, in these fishes, special cells
have been identified. Thus, the migration patterns of birds continues to remains a mystery.
i. An emf is produced in a coil, which is not connected to an external voltage source. This can be due to
(a) the coil being in a time varying magnetic field
(b) the coil moving in a time varying magnetic field
(c) the coil moving out of constant magnetic field
(d) All of the above
ii. A circular coil expands radially in a region of magnetic field and no electromotive force is produced in
the coil. This can be because
(a) the magnetic field is in the same plane as the circular coil and it may or may not vary
(b) the magnetic field has a perpendicular ( to the plane of the coil) component whose magnitude is
decreasing suitably.
(c) there is constant magnetic field in the perpendicular ( to the plane of their coil) direction.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
iii. A migratory Siberian bird is flying in the sky with a velocity of 10 m/s and the distance between two
feathers is 2 cm. The earth’s magnetic field B perpendicular to the feather is 4 x 10-5 T. Then emf generated

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 8

 between the two feathers is
(a) 4 μV
(b) 6 μV
(c) 8 μV
(d) 10 μV
iv. An airplane having a wing span of 35 m flies due north with speed of 90 m/s, given B = 4 X 10-5 T. the
potential difference between the tips of the wings will be
(a) 0.126 V
(b) 1.26 V
(c) 12.6 V
(d) 0.013 V
v. A moving conductor’s coil produces an induced emf. This is in accordance with
(a) Lenz’s Law
(b) Coulomb’s Law
(c) Faraday’s Law
(d) Ampere’s Law
Q7 Electromagnetic damping: Take two hollow thin cylindrical pipes of equal internal diameters made of
aluminium and PVC, respectively. Fix them vertically with clamps on retort stands. Take a small cylindrical
magnet having diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pipes and drop it through each pipe in
such a way that the magnet does not touch the sides of the pipes during its fall. You will observe that the
magnet dropped through the PVC pipe takes the same time to come out of the pipe, as it would take when
dropped through the same height without the pipe. Now instead of PVC pipe use an aluminium pipe. Note
the time it takes to come out of the pipe in each case. You will see that the magnet takes much longer time in
the case of aluminium pipe. Why is it so? It is due to the eddy currents that are generated in the aluminium
pipe which oppose the change in magnetic flux, i.e., the motion of the magnet. The retarding force due to the
eddy currents inhibits the motion of the magnet. Such phenomena are referred to as electromagnetic
damping. Note that eddy currents are not generated in PVC pipe, as its material is an insulator whereas
aluminium is a conductor.
Physicist Foucault (1819-1868) discovered this effect.
i. Eddy current is generated in a:
(a) metallic pipe
(b) PVC pipe
(cx) Carbon fiber pipe

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 9

 (d) Alloy pipe
ii. Eddy current was first observed by:
(a) Helmhotlz
(b) Foucault
(c) D'Arsonval
(d) Shock ley
iii. What is electromagnetic damping?
(a) Generation of electromagnetic wave during the passage of a magnet through a metal pipe
(b) Change of the direction of propagation of electromagnetic wave due to a variable magnetic flux
(c) Change of the frequency of electromagnetic wave due to a variable magnetic flux
(d) To slow down the motion of a magnet moving through a metal pipe due to electromagnetically induced
current.
iv. To observe electromagnetic damping a magnet should be dropped through a metal pipe and:
(a) the magnet should not touch inner wall of the pipe
(b) the magnet should touch the inner wall of the pipe
(c) it does not matter whether the magnet touches the inner wall of the pipe or not.
(d) the magnet should be larger in size than the diameter of the pipe
v. A piece of wood and a bar magnet of same dimension is dropped through an aluminium pipe. Which of
the following statements is true?
(a) The piece of wood will take more time to come out from the pipe
(b) The bar magnet will take more time to come out from the pipe
(c) Both will take same time to come out from the pipe
(d) The time required will depend on the mass of the wooden piece and the mass of the bar magnet.
Q8 ELECTROMAGNET

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 10

.

Step1-Start by lowering the electromagnet by pushing the Raise/Lower Switch.

Step2- Push the Power button to send electricity through the electromagnet.
Step3- Push the Raise/Lower switch to lift the truck and bring it to the crusher.
Step 4- Push Power to stop electricity from flowing into the electromagnet.

In this experiment you used electricity to make a temporary magnet called an electromagnet. As long
as the electric current was on, the iron crane was a magnet and could pick up ferromagnetic objects.
When the electricity was turned off, the magnetizing cause was no longer present, so the object was not
attracted to the iron crane.
i-Electricity is able to make a magnet-
a)by simply wrapping wire that has an electrical current running through it
b)push and pull magnet
c)by using battery
d)push and pull conducting wire
ii-what are the different factor responsible for from step 1 to step 4
a)electromagnet
b) eddy current

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 11

 c)self induction
d)mutual induction
iii- what happens to the electromagnet when the current is OFF.
a)magnetic field decreases
b) magnetic field increses
c)magnetic field dissapears
d)none of these
iv.All of the following are true of both magnetism and electricity EXCEPT:
a) like poles and charges repel; opposites attract
(b) the strength of attraction and repulsion of electric charges or magnetic poles varies inversely as the
square of the distance between the charges or poles
(c) it is possible to isolate a single positive or negative electric charge or a single north or south
magnetic pole
(d) the forces of attraction or repulsion between two magnetic poles on either pole or between two
electric charges on either charge are of equal strength.

Q9 What are Eddy current?

Eddy currents were first observed in 1824 by scientist and then Prime Minister of France, François
Arago. He realized that it was possible to magnetize most conductive objects and was the first to
witness rotary magnetism. Ten years later, Lenz’s Law was postulated by Heinrich Lenz, but it wasn’t
until 1855 that the French physicist Léon Foucault officially discovered eddy currents. He found that
the force needed to rotate a copper disk when its rim is placed between the poles of a magnet, such as a
horseshoe magnet, increases and the disk is heated by the induced eddy currents.
The heating effect originates from the transformation of electric energy into heat energy and is used in
induction heating devices, like some cookers and welders. The resistance felt by the eddy currents in a
conductor causes Joule heating and the amount of heat generated is proportional to the current squared.
However, for applications like motors, generators and transformers, this heat is considered wasted
energy and as such, eddy currents need to be minimized. This can be achieved by laminating the metal
cores of these devices, where each core is made up of multiple insulated sheets of metal. This splits the
core in many individual magnetic circuits and restricts the flow of the eddy currents through it, reducing
the amount of heat generated through Joule heating.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 12

 i. Eddy current do not cause
a)sparkling
b)heating
c)loss of energy
d)damping

ii-Which of the following will not increase the size and effect of eddy current?
a)low resistivity materials
b)strong magnetic field
c)thicker materials
d)thinner material
iii-which of the following is not an application of eddy current?
a)ammeter
b)galvanometer
c)speedometer
d)energy meters
iv-Identify the law which is used to find out the direction of eddy currents
a)lenz’s law
b) faraday law
c)ampere circuital law
d)maxwells law
Sl.No Read the passage given below and answer the following questions……..
.
Q.10
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, also known as Faraday’s law is the basic law of
electromagnetism which helps us to predict how a magnetic field would interact with an electric circuit
to produce an electromotive force (EMF). This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 13

Faraday’s Experiment: Relationship Between Induced EMF and Flux

1. In the first experiment, he proved that when the strength of the magnetic field is varied, only
then-current is induced. An ammeter was connected to a loop of wire; the ammeter deflected
when a magnet was moved towards the wire.
2. In the second experiment, he proved that passing a current through an iron rod would make it
electromagnetic. He observed that when a relative motion exists between the magnet and the
coil, an electromotive force will be induced. When the magnet was rotated about its axis,
no electromotive force was observed, but when the magnet was rotated about its own axis then
the induced electromotive force was produced. Thus, there was no deflection in the ammeter
when the magnet was held stationary.
3. While conducting the third experiment, he recorded that the Galvanometer did not show any
deflection and no induced current was produced in the coil when the coil was moved in a
stationary magnetic field. The ammeter deflected in the opposite direction when the magnet was
moved away from the loop.

i.As per Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, an e.m.f. is induced in a conductor

whenever it
(A) Lies perpendicular to the magnetic flux
(B) Lies in a magnetic field
(C) Cuts magnetic flux
(D) Moves parallel to the direction of the magnetic field

ii.According to Faraday’s law, EMF stands for

a) Electromagnetic field
b) Electromagnetic force
c) Electromagnetic friction
d) Electromotive force
iii. For time varying currents, the field or waves will be
a) Electrostatic
b) Magneto static
c) Electromagnetic
d) Electrical
iv. Find the displacement current when the flux density is given by t3 at 2 seconds.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 14

 a) 3
b) 6
c) 12
d) 27
v. Which of the following statements is true?
a) E is the cross product of v and B
b) B is the cross product of v and E
c) E is the dot product of v and B
d) B is the dot product of v and E

Sl.No Read the passage given below and answer the following questions……..
.
Q11 Definition: Mutual Inductance between the two coils is defined as the property of the coil due to which
it opposes the change of current in the other coil, or you can say in the neighbouring coil. When the
current in the neighbouring coil changes, the flux sets up in the coil and because of this, changing flux
emf is induced in the coil called Mutually Induced emf and the phenomenon is known as Mutual
Inductance.
The value of Mutual Inductance (M) depends upon the following factors

1. Number of turns in the secondary or neighboring coil

2. Cross-sectional area
3. Closeness of the two coils

Mutual Coupling In the Magnetic Circuit

When on a magnetic core, two or more than two coils are wound, the coils are said to be mutually
coupled. The current, when passed in any of the coils wound around the magnetic core, produces flux
which links all the coils together and also the one in which current is passed. Hence, there will be both
self-induced emf and mutual induced emf in each of the coils.
The best example of the mutual inductance is the transformer, which works on the principle
of Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction.
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction states that “ the magnitude of voltage is directly
proportional to the rate of change of flux.” which is explained in the topic Faraday’s Law of
Electromagnetic Induction.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 15

 i. The phenomenon due to which there is an induced current in one coil due to current in a neighbouring
coil is?

A. Electromagnetism
B.Susceptance
C.Mutual inductance
D.Steady current

ii. Mutual inductance between two magnetically coupled coils depends on

A. Permeability of the core material
B. Number of turns of the coils
C. Cross sectional area of their common core
D. All of the above

iii. Which of the following is unit of inductance?

A. Ohm
B. Henry
C. Ampere turns
D. Webers/meter
iv. Which of the following circuit elements will oppose the change in circuit current?
A. Capacitance
B. Inductance
C. Resistance
D. All of the above
v. If in an iron cored coil the iron core is removed so as to make the air cored coil, the inductance of
the coil will be
A. More
B. Less
C. The same
D. None of these
Q12. Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
Electromagnetic damping: Take two hollow thin cylindrical pipes of equal internal diameters made
of aluminium and PVC, respectively. Fix them vertically with clamps on retort stands. Take a small
cylindrical magnet having diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pipes and drop it

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 16

through each pipe in such a way that the magnet
does not touch the sides of the pipes during its fall. You will observe that the magnet dropped through
the PVC pipe takes the same time to come out of the pipe as it would take when dropped through the
same height without the pipe.
Now instead of PVC pipe use an aluminium pipe. Note the time it takes to come out of the pipe in each
case. You will see that the magnet takes much longer time in the case of aluminium pipe. Why is it so ?
It is due to the eddy currents that are generated in the aluminium pipe which oppose the change in
magnetic flux, i.e., the motion of the magnet. The retarding force due to the eddy currents inhibits the
motion of the magnet. Such phenomena are referred to as electromagnetic damping. Note that eddy
currents are not generated in PVC pipe as its material is an insulator whereas
aluminium is a conductor. This effect was discovered by physicist Foucault (1819-1868).
i. Eddy current is generated in a:
(A) metallic pipe.
(B) PVC pipe.
(C) glass pipe.
(D) wooden pipe.
ii. Eddy current was first observed by:
(A) Helmhotlz
(B) Foucault
(C) D'Arsonval
(D) Shock ley
iii. What is electromagnetic damping ?
(A) Generation of electromagnetic wave during the passage of a magnet through a metal pipe
(B) Change of the direction of propagation of electromagnetic wave due to a variable magnetic flux
(C) Change of the frequency of electromagnetic wave due to a variable magnetic flux
(D) To slow down the motion of a magnet moving through a metal pipe due to electromagnetically
induced current.
iv. To observe electromagnetic damping a magnet should be dropped through a metal pipe and:
(A) the magnet should not touch inner wall of the pipe.
(B) the magnet should touch the inner wall of the pipe.
(C) it does not matter whether the magnet touches the inner wall of the pipe or not.
(D) the magnet should be larger in size than the diameter of the pipe.
v. A piece of wood and a bar magnet of same dimension is dropped through an aluminium pipe. Which

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 17

 of the following statements is true ?

(A) The piece of wood will take more time to come out from the pipe.
(B) The bar magnet will take more time to come out from the pipe.
(C) Both will take same time to come out from the pipe.
(D) The time required will depend on the mass of the wooden piece and the mass of the bar magnet.
Q13.. Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
Bottle Dynamo: A bottle dynamo is a small generator to generate electricity to power the bicycle light.
Is is not a dynamo. Dynamo generates DC but a bottle dynamo generates AC. Newer models are now
available with a rectifier. The available DC can power the light and small electronic gadgets. This is
also known as sidewall generator since it operates using a roller placed on the sidewall of bicycle tyre.
When the bicycle is in motion, the dynamo roller is engaged and electricity is generated as the tyre
spins the roller. When engaged, a dynamo requires the bicycle rider to exert more effort to maintain a
given speed than would otherwise be necessary when the dynamo is not present or disengaged.
Bottle dynamos can be completely disengaged during day time when cycle light is not in use. In wet
conditions, the roller on a bottle dynamo can slip against the surface of the tyre, which interrupts the
electricity generated. This cause the lights to go out intermittently.

i.Why bottle dynamo is not a dynamo ?

(A) It generates AC only
(B) It generates DC only
(C) It looks like a bottle
(D) It requires no fuel to operate
ii. Can you recharge the battery of your mobile phone with the help of bottle dynamo ?
(A) Yes
(B) No
(C) Yes, when a rectifier is used
(D) Yes, when a transformer is used
iii. Bottle generator generates electricity:

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 18

 (A) when fuel is poured in the bottle.
(B) when cycle is in motion.
(C) when it is mounted properly.
(D) when wind blows.
iv. Bulb of bicycle light glows:
(A) with AC supply only.
(B) with DC supply only.
(C) with both AC and DC supply.
(D) only when AC supply is rectified.
v. Which one of the following is not an advantage of the newer model of bottle dynamo ?
(A) Works intermittently when it roller slips on tyre
(B) Small electronic gadgets can be charged
(C) Can be easily disengaged during day time
(D) Requires no fuel
Q14. MIGRATION BIRDS:
The migratory birds is one of the mysteries in the field of science . For example, every winter birds
from Siberia fly unerringly to water spots in the Indian subcontinent. There has been a suggestion that
electromagnetic induction may provide a clue to the migratory patterns. The earth’s magnetic field has
existed throughout evolutionary historyIt would be of great benefit to migratory birds to use this field to
determine the direction. As far as we know birds contain no ferromagnetic material. So,
electromagnetic induction seems to be the only reasonable mechanism to determine the direction.
Consider the optimal case where the magnetic field B , The velocity of the bird v and two relevant
points of its anatomy separated by a distance l,all three are mutually perpendicular.From the formula
for motional emf.
i.e., ε=Blv
Certain kinds of fishes are able to detect small potential differences. However , in these fishes, special
cells have been identified which detect small voltage differences. In birds no such cells have been
identified . Thus, the migration patterns of birds continue to remain a mystery.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
i An emf is produced in a coil , which is not connected to an external voltage source. This can be due to
A. The coil being in a time varying magnetic field
B. The coil moving in a time varying magnetic field
C. The coil moving out a constant magnetic field

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 19

 D. The magnetic flux through the coil is changing with time.

ii A circular coil expands radially in a region of magnetic field and no electromotive force is produced in
the coil. This can be because
A. The magnetic field is in the same plane as the circular coil and it may not vary
B. The magnetic field is a perpendicular ( to the plane of the coil) component whose magnitude is
decreasing suitably.
C. There is a constant magnetic field in the perpendicular( to the plane of the coil) direction.
D. The magnetic may not vary or remain constant throughout
iii A migratory Siberian bird is flying in the sky with a velocity of 10 m/s amd the distance between two
feathers is 2 cm. The earth ‘s magnetic field B perpendicular to the feathers is 4 × 10 -
5
T . Then emf generated between the two feathers is
A. 4μ V
B. 6μ V
C. 8μ V

D. D. 10μ V

iv An aeroplane having a wing span of 35 m flies due north with a speed of 90 m/s, given B = 4 × 10 -5 T
. The potential difference between the tips of the wings will be
A. 0.126 V
B. 1.26 V
C. 12.6 V
D. 0.013 V

v A moving conductor’s coil produces an induced emf. This is in accordance with

A. Lenz’s law
B. Coulomb’s law
C. Faraday’s law
D. Ampere’s law

Q15.
Induction in Coils:
Three identical coils A, B, and C are placed with their planes parallel to each other.Coil A is carrying
current 2 amp and C 2 amp as shown in the figure.Coil B and C are fixed. Coil A can move
coaxially with the other two coils. The two coils are equidistant from coil B.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 20

 Read the above passage and answer the following questions:

i What is the induced current in coil B when all the coils are stationary?
A. 0 amp.
B. 2 amp.
C. 4 amp.
D. 6 amp.

ii If the coil A is moved towards B with a constant velocity what is the direction of induced current in B
?
A. No current induced
B. Clockwise
C. Anticlockwise
D. For the half of the circumference clockwise and the other half side anticlockwise.

iii Now if the coils A and C are removed and a bar magnet is rotated in front of coil B along its axis with
angular speed 20 r.p.s. What is the induced current in coil B?
A. 0 amp.
B. 2.2 amp.
C. 3.6amp.
D. 4.8amp.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 21

iv Now if the coils A and C are removed and a bar magnet is rotated in front of coil B along an axis
perpendicular to the bar magnet with angular speed 20 r.p.s. What is the induced current in coil B?
A. 20 B2r2π
B. B2r2 /π
C. 20 Br2π
D. 10 B2r2/π

v If the bar magnet is passed through the coil B with a constant speed, which of the following graph
represents the emf developed correctly?

Q16. Currents can be induced not only in conducting coils, but also in conducting sheets or blocks. Current is
induced in solid metallic masses when the magnetic flux threading through them changes. Such
currents flow in the form of irregularly shaped loops throughout the body of the metal. These currents
look like eddies or whirlpools in water so they are known as eddy currents. Eddy currents have both
undesirable effects and practically useful applications. For example it causes unnecessary heating and
wastage of power in electric motors, dynamos and in the cores of transformers.
(i) The working of speedometers of trains is based on

(a) wattless currents (b) eddy currents

(c) alternating currents (d) pulsating currents

(ii) Identify the wrong statement

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 22

 (a) Eddy currents are produced in a steady magnetic field

(b) Induction furnace uses eddy currents to produce heat.

(c) Eddy currents can be used to produce braking force in moving trains

(d) Power meters work on the principle of eddy currents.

(iii) Which of the following is the best method to reduce eddy currents?

(a) Laminating core (b) Using thick wires

(c) By reducing hysteresis loss (d) None of these

(iv) The direction of eddy currents is given by

(a) Fleming's left hand rule (b) Biot-Savart law

(c) Lenz's law (d) Ampere-circuital law

(v) Eddy currents can be used to heat localised tissues of the human body. This branch of medical
therapy is called

(a) Hyperthermia (b) Diathermy

(c) Inductothermy (d) none of these

Q17. The emf induced across the ends of a conductor due to its motion in a magnetic field is called motional
emf. It is produced due to the magnetic Lorentz force acting on the free electrons of the conductor. For
a circuit shown in figure, if a conductor of length l moves with velocity v in a magnetic field B
perpendicular to both its length and the direction of the magnetic field, then all the induced parametres
are possible in the circuit.

(i) Direction of current induced in a wire moving in a magnetic field is found using

(a) Fleming's left hand rule (b) Fleming's right hand rule

(c) Ampere's rule (d) Right hand clasp rule

(ii) A conducting rod of length l is moving in a transverse magnetic field of strength B with velocity v.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 23

The resistance of the rod is R. The current in the rod is

(a) Blv/R (b) Blv (c) zero (d) B2v2l2/R

(iii) A 0.1 m long conductor carrying a current of 50 A is held perpendicular to a magnetic field of 1.25
mT. The mechanical power required to move the conductor with a speed of 1 m s-1 is

(a) 62.5 mW (b) 625 mW (c) 6.25 mW (d) 12.5 mW

(iv) A bicycle generator creates 1.5 V at 15 km/hr.The EMF generated at 10 km/hr is

(a) 1.5 volts (b) 2volts (c) 0.5volts (d) 1 volt

(v) The dimensional formula for emf E in MKS system will be

(a) [ML2 T−3 A−1] (b) [ML2 T−1 A] (c) [ML2 A] (d) [MLT−2 A−2]

Question 18

Lenz's law states that the direction of induced current in a circuit is such that it opposes the
change which produces it. Thus, if the magnetic flux linked with a closed circuit increases,
the induced current flows in such a direction that magnetic flux is created in the opposite
direction of the original magnetic flux. If the magnetic flux linked with the closed circuit
decreases, the induced current flows in such a direction so as to create magnetic flux in the
direction of the original flux.

(i) Which of the following statements is correct?

(a) The induced e.rn.f is not in the direction opposing the change in magnetic flux so as to
oppose the cause which produces it.
(b) The relative motion between the coil and magnet produces change in magnetic flux.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 24

(c) Emf is induced only if the magnet is moved towards coil.
(d) Emf is induced only if the coil is moved towards magnet

(ii) The polarity of induced emf is given by

(a) Ampere's circuital law (b) Biot-Savart law

(c) Lenz's law (d) Fleming's right hand rule

(iii) Lenz's law is a consequence of the law of conservation of

(a) charge (b) mass (c) momentum (d) energy

(iv) Near a circular loop of conducting wire as shown in the figure, an electron moves along
a straight line. The direction of the induced current if any in the loop is

(a) variable (b) clockwise

(c) anticlockwise (d) zero

(v) Two identical circular coils A and B are kept in a horizontal tube side by side without
touching each other. If the current in coil A increases with time, in response, the coil B.

(a) is attracted by A (c) is repelled

(c) is repelled (d) rotates

Question 19

Mutual inductance is the phenomenon of inducing emf in a coil, due to a change of current in
the neighbouring coil. The amount of mutual inductance that links one coil to another
depends very much on the relative positioning of the two coils, their geometry and relative
separation between them. Mutual inductance between the two coils increases μr times if the
coils are wound over an iron core of relative permeability μr.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 25

 (i) A short solenoid of radius a, number of turns per unit length nI' and length L is kept
coaxially inside a very long solenoid of radius b, number of turns per unit length n2• What is
the mutual inductance of the system?

(a) μ0πb2n1n2L (a) (b) μ0πa2n1n2L2 (b) (c) μ0πa2n1n2L (c) (d) μ0πb2n1n2L2 (d)
μ0πb2n1n2L μ0πa2n1n2L2 μ0πa2n1n2L μ0πb2n1n2L2

(ii) If a change in current of 0.01 A in one coil produces a change in magnetic flux of 2 x l0-2
weber in another coil, then the mutual inductance between coils is

(a) 0 (b) 0.5 H (c) 2 H (d) 3 H

(iii) Mutual inductance of two coils can be increased by

(a) decreasing the number of turns in the coils

(b) increasing the number of turns in the coils
(c) winding the coils on wooden cores
(d) none of these

(iv) When a sheet of iron is placed in between the two co-axial coils, then the mutual
inductance between the coils will

(a) increase (b) decrease

(c) remains same (d) cannot be predicted

(v) The SI unit of mutual inductance is

(a)
(b) mho (c) henry (d) none of these
ohm
Q Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 26

20. same:
Electromagnetic damping: Take two hollow thin cylindrical pipes of equal
internal diameters made of aluminium and PVC, respectively. Fix them vertically
with clamps on retort stands. Take a small cylindrical magnet having diameter
slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pipes and drop it through each pipe
in such a way that the magnet
does not touch the sides of the pipes during its fall. You will observe that the
magnet dropped through the PVC pipe takes the same time to come out of the pipe
as it would take when dropped through the same height without the pipe.
Now instead of PVC pipe use an aluminium pipe. Note the time it takes to come
out of the pipe in each case. You will see that the magnet takes much longer time in
the case of aluminium pipe. Why is it so ? It is due to the eddy currents that are
generated in the aluminium pipe which oppose the change in magnetic flux, i.e., the
motion of the magnet. The retarding force due to the eddy currents inhibits the
motion of the magnet. Such phenomena are referred to as electromagnetic
damping. Note that eddy currents are not generated in PVC pipe as its material is
an insulator whereas
aluminium is a conductor. This effect was discovered by physicist Foucault (1819-
1868).
i. Eddy current is generated in a:
(A) metallic pipe.
(B) PVC pipe.
(C) glass pipe.
(D) wooden pipe.
ii. Eddy current was first observed by:
(A) Helmhotlz
(B) Foucault
(C) D'Arsonval
(D) Shock ley
iii. What is electromagnetic damping ?
(A) Generation of electromagnetic wave during the passage of a magnet through a
metal pipe
(B) Change of the direction of propagation of electromagnetic wave due to a

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 27

 variable magnetic flux
(C) Change of the frequency of electromagnetic wave due to a variable magnetic
flux
(D) To slow down the motion of a magnet moving through a metal pipe due to
electromagnetically induced current.
iv. To observe electromagnetic damping a magnet should be dropped through a
metal pipe and:
(A) the magnet should not touch inner wall of the pipe.
(B) the magnet should touch the inner wall of the pipe.
(C) it does not matter whether the magnet touches the inner wall of the pipe or not.
(D) the magnet should be larger in size than the diameter of the pipe.
v. A piece of wood and a bar magnet of same dimension is dropped through an
aluminium pipe. Which of the following statements is true ?
(A) The piece of wood will take more time to come out from the pipe.
(B) The bar magnet will take more time to come out from the pipe.
(C) Both will take same time to come out from the pipe.
(D) The time required will depend on the mass of the wooden piece and the mass of
the bar magnet.
Q Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the
21. same:
Bottle Dynamo: A bottle dynamo is a small generator to generate electricity to
power the bicycle light.
Is is not a dynamo. Dynamo generates DC but a bottle dynamo generates AC.
Newer models are now available with a rectifier. The available DC can power the
light and small electronic gadgets. This is also known as sidewall generator since it
operates using a roller placed on the sidewall of bicycle tyre. When the bicycle is in
motion, the dynamo roller is engaged and electricity is generated as the tyre spins
the roller. When engaged, a dynamo requires the bicycle rider to exert more effort
to maintain a given speed than would otherwise be necessary when the dynamo is
not present or disengaged.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 28

 Bottle dynamos can be completely disengaged during day time when cycle light is
not in use. In wet conditions, the roller on a bottle dynamo can slip against the
surface of the tyre, which interrupts the electricity generated. This cause the lights
to go out intermittently.
i. Why bottle dynamo is not a dynamo?
(A) It generates AC only
(B) It generates DC only
(C) It looks like a bottle
(D) It requires no fuel to operate

ii. Can you recharge the battery of your mobile phone with the help of bottle
dynamo?
(A) Yes
(B) No
(C) Yes, when a rectifier is used
(D) Yes, when a transformer is used
iii. Bottle generator generates electricity:
(A) when fuel is poured in the bottle.
(B) when cycle is in motion.
(C) when it is mounted properly.
(D) when wind blows.
iv. Bulb of bicycle light glows:
(A) with AC supply only.
(B) with DC supply only.
(C) with both AC and DC supply.
(D) only when AC supply is rectified.
v. Which one of the following is not an advantages of newer model of bottle
dynamo ?
(A) Works intermittently when it roller slips on tyre
(B) Small electronic gadgets can be charged
(C) Can be easily disengaged during day time
(D) Requires no fuel
Sl.N Read the passage given below and answer the following questions

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 29

o.
Q 22 Electromagnetic induction is defined as the production of an electromotive force across an
electric conductor in the changing magnetic field. The discovery of induction was done by
Michael Faraday in the year 1831. Electromagnetic induction finds many applications such as in
electrical components which includes transformers, inductors, and other devices such as electric
motors and generators. Alternating current is defined as an electric current which reverses in
direction periodically. In most of the electric power circuits, the waveform of alternating current
is the sine wave.
(i) How to increase the energy stored in an inductor by four times?
(a) By doubling the current
(b) This is not possible
(c) By doubling the inductance
(d) By making current 2–√ times
(ii) Consider an inductor whose linear dimensions are tripled and the total number of turns per
unit length is kept constant, what happens to the self-inductance?
(a) 9 times
(b) 3 times
(c) 27 times
(d) 13 times
(iii) Lenz law is based on which of the following conservation
(a) Charge
(b) Mass
(c) Momentum
(d) Energy
(iv) What will be the acceleration of the falling bar magnet which passes through the ring such
that the ring is held horizontally and the bar magnet is dropped along the axis of the ring?
(a) It depends on the diameter of the ring and the length of the magnet
(b) It is equal due to gravity
(c) It is less than due to gravity
(d) It is more than due to gravity
Q Mutual inductance is the phenomenon of inducing emf in a coil, due to a change of current in
23. the neighboring coil. The amount of mutual inductance that links one coil to another depends
very much on the relative positioning of the two coils, their geometry and relative separation

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 30

 between them. Mutual inductance between the two coils increases u, times if the coils are
wound over an iron core of relative permeability.
(i) If a change in current of 0.01 A in one coil produces a change in magnetic flux of 2 x 10-2
weber in another coil, then the mutual inductance between coils is
(a) 0 (b) 0.5 H (c) 2 H (d) 3 H
(ii) Mutual inductance of two coils can be increased by
(a) decreasing the number of turns in the coils
(b) increasing the number of turns in the coils
(c) winding the coils on wooden cores
(d) none of these.
(iii) When a sheet of iron is placed in between the two co-axial coils, then the mutual inductance
between the coils will
(a) increase (b)decrease
(c) remains same (d) cannot be predicted
(iv) The SI unit of mutual inductance is
(a) ohm (b) mho
(c) henry (d) none of these
Q 24 Given figure shows a metal rod PQ resting on the smooth rails AB and positioned between the
poles of a permanent magnet. The rails, the rod, and the magnetic field are in three mutual
perpendicular directions. A galvanometer G connects the rails through a switch K.
Length of the rod = 15 cm, B = 0.50 T, resistance of the closed loop containing the rod = 9.0
mΩ. Assume the field to be uniform.
a. Suppose K is open and the rod is moved with a speed of 12 cm s-1 in the
direction shown. Give the polarity and magnitude of the induced emf.

(b) Is there an excess charge built up at the ends of the rods when K is open? What if K is
closed?

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 31

 (c) With K open and the rod moving uniformly, there is no net force on the electrons in the rod
PQ even though they do experience magnetic force due to the motion of the rod. Explain.
(d) What is the retarding force on the rod when K is closed?
(e) How much power is required (by an external agent) to keep the rod moving at the same
speed (=12 cm/ sec) when K is closed? How much power is required when K is open?
Q 25 Electromagnetic induction is defined as the production of an electromotive force across an
electric conductor in the changing magnetic field. The discovery of induction was done by
Michael Faraday in the year 1831. Electromagnetic induction finds many applications such as in
electrical components which includes transformers, inductors, and other devices such as electric
motors and generators. Alternating current is defined as an electric current which reverse in
direction periodically. In most of the electric power circuits, the waveform of alternating current
is the sine wave.
i . How to increase the energy stored in an inductor by four times?
(a) By doubling the current
(b) This is not possible
(c) By doubling the inductance
(d) By making current 2 times
ii. Consider an inductor whose linear dimensions are tripled and the total number of turns per
unit length is kept constant, what happens to the self-inductance?
(a) 9 times
(b) 3 times
(c) 27 times
(d) 13 times
iii. Lenz law is based on which of the following conservation
(a) Charge
(b) Mass
(c) Momentum
(d) Energy
iv. What will be the acceleration of the falling bar magnet which passes through the ring such
that the ring is held horizontally and the bar magnet is dropped along the axis of the ring?

(a) It depends on the diameter of the ring and the length of the magnet

(b) It is equal due to gravity

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 32

 (c) It is less than due to gravity

ANSWER KEY
SET-I
1 (i) 1(ii) 1(iii) 1(iv) 1(v)
a c d b b
2 (i) 2(ii) 2(iii) 2(iv) 2(v)
C D B B B
3 (i) 3(ii) 3(iii) 3(iv) 3(v)
b b d c c
4 (i) 4(ii) 4(iii) 4(iv) 4(v)
b b c a b
5 (a) 5 (b) 5 (c) 5 (d) 5 (e)
i i iii ii i
6 (i) 6(ii) 6(iii) 6(iv) 6(v)
d d c a c
7(i) 7(ii) 7(iii) 7(iv) 7(v)
a b d a b
8 (i) 8 (ii) 8 (iii) 8 (iv)
a a c A
9 (i) 9 (ii) 9 (iii) 9 (iv)

a d a a

10 (i) 10 (ii) 10 (iii) 10 (iv) 10 (v)

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 33

C D C C A
11 (i) 11 (ii) 11 (iii) 11 (iv) 11 (v)
C D B B B
12 (i) 12 (ii) 12 (iii) 12 (iv) 12 (v)
A B D A B
13 (i) 13 (ii) 13 (iii) 13 (iv) 13 (v)
A C B C A
14(i) 14 (ii) 14 (iii) 14 (iv) 14 (v)
D D C A A
15(i) 15 (ii) 15(iii) 15 (iv) 15 (v)
A C A C A
16(i) 16(ii) 16(iii) 16 (iv) 16 (v)
b a a c c
17(i) 17 (ii) 17(iii) 17 (iv) 17 (v)
b a c d a
18(i) 18(ii) 18(iii) 18 (iv) 18 (v)
b c d a c
19(i) 19 (ii) 19(iii) 19 (iv) 19 (v)
c c b a c
20(i) 20(ii) 20(iii) 20 (iv) 20 (v)
A B D A B
21(i) 21 (ii) 21(iii) 21 (iv) 21 (v)
A C B C A
22(i) 22(ii) 22(iii) 22 (iv)
a b d c
23(i) 23 (ii) 23(iii) 23 (iv)
c b a c
Q.No.24 (a) EMF = vBL = 0.12 0.50 x 0.15 = 9.0 mV; P positive end and Q negative end.
(b) Yes. When K is closed, the excess charge is maintained by the continuous flow
of current.
(c) Magnetic force is cancelled by the electric force set-up due to the excess charge
of opposite signs at the ends of the rod.

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 34

 (d) Retarding force = IBL =9 mV / 9 mΩ x 0.5 T x 0.15 m
= 75 x 10-3 N
e) Power expended by an external agent against the above retarding force to keep
the rod moving uniformly at 12 cm s-1
= 75 x 10-3 x 12 x 10-2 = 9.0 x 10-3 W
When K is open, no power is expended.
25(i) 25 (ii) 25(iii) 25 (iv)
a b d c
PREPARED BY :

PGTs OF BHUBANESWAR, GUWAHATI,KOLKOTA

,RANCHI,SILCHAR,TINSUKIA regions.

VETTED BY : KOLKOTA REGION

ZIET BHUBANESWAR 10/10/2021 Page 35