Ai Viva Question
Ai Viva Question
Answer:
Answer:
The basic components of knowledge representation in PROLOG include facts, rules, and queries.
Facts represent information, rules define relationships, and queries retrieve information based on
the defined rules.
Answer:
4. How does the PROLOG Integrated Development Environment (IDE) facilitate programming in
PROLOG?
Answer:
The PROLOG IDE provides features like syntax highlighting, code completion, and debugging tools,
making it easier for developers to write, test, and debug PROLOG programs.
Answer:
% Addition example
add(X, Y, Z) :- Z is X + Y.
Answer:
In PROLOG, boolean expressions are represented through logical predicates. For example:
% AND example
logical_and(X, Y) :- X, Y.
% OR example
logical_or(X, _) :- X.
logical_or(_, Y) :- Y.
7. Discuss decision-making strategies in PROLOG with examples.
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Answer:
Answer:
Recursion in PROLOG involves a predicate calling itself. It's significant for solving problems that can
be broken down into simpler instances of the same problem.
Answer:
% Factorial example using recursion
factorial(0, 1).
factorial(N, Result) :- N > 0, N1 is N - 1, factorial(N1, SubResult), Result is N *
SubResult.
11. How does looping through recursion differ from traditional looping in other languages?
Answer:
PROLOG doesn't have traditional loops like those in other languages. Instead, recursion is used for
repetitive tasks, and the recursion itself acts as a form of looping.
12. Discuss the utility of lists in PROLOG and how they solve various problems.
Answer:
Lists in PROLOG are versatile and can represent sequences of elements. They are used for pattern
matching, storing data, and solving problems that involve collections.
Answer:
% Sum of elements in a list
sum_list([], 0).
sum_list([Head | Tail], Sum) :- sum_list(Tail, SubSum), Sum is Head + SubSum.
14. Explain the concepts of Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth-First Search (DFS).
Answer:
BFS explores nodes level by level, while DFS explores as far as possible along each branch before
backtracking.
15. Implement BFS and DFS algorithms for goal searching in PROLOG, using an example puzzle.
16. Discuss the A* search algorithm and its advantages over blind search techniques.
Answer:
A* is an informed search algorithm that uses heuristics to estimate the cost of reaching the goal. It is
more efficient than blind search techniques because it considers both the cost to reach the current
state and the estimated cost to reach the goal.
18. Define Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSP) and their significance in AI.
Answer:
CSP involves finding a solution that satisfies a set of constraints. It is significant in AI for modeling
and solving problems where variables must satisfy certain conditions.
4. How does the PROLOG Integrated Development Environment (IDE) facilitate programming in
PROLOG?
11. How does looping through recursion differ from traditional looping in other languages?
12. Discuss the utility of lists in PROLOG and how they solve various problems.
14. Explain the concepts of Breadth-First Search (BFS) and Depth-First Search (DFS).
15. Implement BFS and DFS algorithms for goal searching in PROLOG, using an example puzzle.
16. Discuss the A* search algorithm and its advantages over blind search techniques.
18. Define Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSP) and their significance in AI.
20. Explain the concept of Adversarial Search in the context of game playing.
21. Demonstrate the implementation of the alpha-beta pruning strategy in PROLOG for game
playing.