College of Engineering

NUMERICAL METHODS AND ANALYSIS -

LABORATORY
(GEN0130L)

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 3

Roots of Non-Linear Function: Open - Point Methods

FINAL GRADE

Name of Student:
Date of Performance:
Date of Submission:
Name of Instructor:
Signature of Instructor:

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LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 3

Roots of Non-Linear Function: Open – Point Methods
OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this laboratory exercise, the students are expected to be:

1. To demonstrate the characteristics of open method in solving non-linear transcendental and

polynomial functions.
2. To be able to learn how to use Fixed Point Iteration method (MOSS) on non-linear functions.
3. To be able to learn how to use Secant method on non-linear functions.
4. To be able to learn how to use Newton-Raphson method on non-linear functions.

MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:

Quantity Materials/Equipment

1 Computer (with MS Excel)

INTRODUCTION:
One of the most frequently encountered task of applied mathematics is that of finding a
function or, equivalently, the roots of the equation. Many applications requires finding roots of a
single equation or a system of equations. For example, the location of the maximal and minimal
points of a function. Many scientific problems require the estimation of its physical properties. With
this, the non-linear equations appears in variety of forms. A special category of nonlinear equations
comprises equations which contains trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.

For this laboratory report, solution methods for open pint methods were presented using excel.
Given the Secant Method, Newton-Rhapson Method and Method of Successive Substitute as a
solutions and methods for finding the roots of the equations. With this, we would be able to find
the roots using different methods with the given if polynomial and transcendental function .

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DISCUSSION:

 Fixed Point Iteration (MOSS) METHOD

This method is applicable to both polynomial and transcendental equations.

Steps:

1. Specify an initial value 𝑋0 to be used for the iterative process and convergence test.
2. Formulate an iterative formula by rewriting the given function from the given form f (𝑋0 ) =0
to the form, x = f(x). Obtain all possible iterative formula from the given function.
3. Test each possible iterative formula for convergence by substituting the initial value 𝑋0 to
the first derivative of the possible iterative function f(x). If 0</f’(𝑋0 )/< 1 then the iterative
formula is congruent. If /f’(𝑋0 )/ > 1 then the iterative formula is divergent.
4. Select from among the possible convergent iterative formula the /f’(𝑋0 )/ closest to 0 and
rewrite the iterative formula using the variables 𝑋𝑛 (previous table) and 𝑋𝑛−1 (new value).
5. Begin the iteration by substituting the initial value 𝑋0 to the iterative formula and compute
for the new value 𝑋𝑛−1 . Substitute 𝑋𝑛−1 to 𝑋𝑛 and compute for a new root value. The
process is repeated until the terminating condition is satisfied.

 SECANT METHOD

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To continue the process, disregard 𝑋0 and substitute the previous 𝑋1 to 𝑋0 then substitute
the computed 𝑋2 to 𝑋1 .Recompute for a new root estimate value 𝑋2 . The process is repeated until
the terminating condition is satisfied.

 NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD

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PROCEDURES:
1.) Turn on and log in to your computer terminals.
2.) Click on MS Excel and prepare 3 excel worksheets for (a) Fixed Point Iteration (MOSS)
Method, (b) Secant Method and (c) Newton-Raphson Method on the same file.
3.) Rename the worksheets by right clicking the lower left hand tab flap “sheet 1” to “Fixed
Point”, “sheet 2” to “Secant” and “sheet 3” to “Newton-Raphson”.
4.) Obtain a root from the given polynomial function (a) and transcendental function (b) with
the terminating criteria provided by your instructor using the worksheet for the fixed point
iteration method.
5.) Provide a column devoted for the initial/previous values 𝑥0 , the computed root estimate 𝑥1 ,
along with their respective functions 𝑓(𝑥0 ), 𝑓(𝑥1 ), and a remarks column.
6.) Manually determine several possible iterative formulas and their respective derivatives for
the convergence test and note them down on your worksheet.
7.) Program the excel worksheet to automatically compute/test the initial value 𝑥0 for
convergence and for the new root estimate 𝑥1 from the assumed initial value 𝑥0 . The
remarks column should be programmed to automatically display if the iterative process
needs to be continued (“continue”) or stop (“terminate”).
8.) Copy the program to repeat the process until the remarks column displays “terminate”.
9.) Fill in the fixed point iteration table provided in the data sheet (table 3.1 and table 3.4) with
the last 10 iterations made from the convergent iterative formula.
10.) Obtain a root from the given polynomial function (a) and transcendental function (b) with its
terminating criteria provided by your instructor using the worksheet for the Secant Method.
11.) Provide a column devoted for the initial/previous values 𝑥0 and 𝑥1 , the computed root
estimate 𝑥2 , along with their respective functions 𝑓(𝑥0 ), 𝑓(𝑥1 ) and 𝑓(𝑥2 ) respectively, and
a remarks column.

12.) Program the excel worksheet to automatically compute for the new root estimate 𝑥2 , (using
its specified iterative formula) from the given values 𝑥0 and 𝑥1 along with their respective
functions 𝑓(𝑥0 ), 𝑓(𝑥1 ) and 𝑓(𝑥2 ). The remarks column should be programmed automatically
display if the iterative process needs to continued (“continue”) or stop (“terminate”).
13.) Copy the program to repeat the process until the remarks column display “terminate”.
14.) Fill in the Secant table provided in the data sheet (table 3.2 and table 3.5) with last 10
iterations made that is convergent.

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15.) Obtain a root from the given polynomial function (a) and transcendental function (b) with
the terminating criteria provided by your instructor using the worksheet for the Newton-
Raphson Method.
16.) Provide a column devoted for the initial/previous values𝑥0 , the computed root estimate 𝑥1 ,
along with their respective functions𝑓(𝑥0 ),𝑓(𝑥1 ), and a remarks column.
17.) Program the excel worksheet to automatically compute/test the initial value 𝑥0 for
convergence and for the new root estimate 𝑥1 from the assumed initial value𝑥0 . The remarks
column should be programmed to automatically display if the iterative process needs to be
continued (“continue”) or stop (“terminate”).
18.) Copy the program to repeat the process until the remarks column displays “terminate”
19.) Fill in the fixed point iteration table provided in the data sheet (table 3.3 and table 3.6) with
last 10 iterations made that is convergent.
20.) Save your work using a specified file name given by your instructor on your “my documents”.

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DATA SHEET

Given functions:
a. Polynomial Function: 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
b. Transcendental Function: 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒍𝒏 (𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝒙)

Terminating Conditions: 10 iterations

Table 3.1 Fixed Point Iteration(MOSS) Method (Sample Excel Output)

Polynomial Function (a): Root 1 =

𝒙𝟎 𝒙𝟏 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟎 ) 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟏 ) Remarks

Table 3.2 Secant Method (Sample Excel Output)

Polynomial Function (a): Root 2 =

𝒙𝟎 𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟎 ) 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟏 ) 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟐 ) Remarks

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Table 3.3 Newton-Raphson Method (Sample Excel Output)

Polynomial Function (a): Root 3 =

𝒙𝟎 𝒙𝟏 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟎 ) 𝒇′(𝒙𝟎 ) 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟏 ) Remarks

Table 3.4 Fixed Point Iteration(MOSS) Method (Sample Excel Output)

Transcendental Function (b): Root 1 =

𝒙𝟎 𝒙𝟏 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟎 ) 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟏 ) Remarks

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Table 3.5 Secant Method (Sample Excel Output)

Transcendental Function (b): Root 2 =

𝒙𝟎 𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟎 ) 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟏 ) 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟐 ) Remarks

Table 3.6 Newton-Raphson Method (Sample Excel Output)

Transcendental Function (b): Root 3 =

𝒙𝟎 𝒙𝟏 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟎 ) 𝒇′(𝒙𝟎 ) 𝒇 (𝒙 𝟏 ) Remarks

Approved by:

Instructor

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GRAPH:

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DISCUSSION OF RESULTS:

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CONCLUSION:

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PROBLEMS/EXERCISES:
1.) What function command is used for the changing output format of a cell to a text? Show
the syntax.

2.) Evaluate 2 Chapter problems from the book Numerical Methods for Engineers (By Chapra
and Canale) involving Fixed Point Iteration (MOSS) Method (Chapter 6) using your excel
Fixed Point Iteration Method worksheet.

3.) Evaluate 2 Chapter problems from the book Numerical Methods for Engineers (By Chapra
and Canale) involving Secant Method (Chapter 6) using your excel Secant Method
worksheet.

4.) Evaluate 2 Chapter problems from the book Numerical Methods for Engineers (By Chapra
and Canale) involving Newton-Raphson Method (Chapter 5) using your excel Newton-
Raphson Method worksheet.

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