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Assignment 2

This document provides details and instructions for Assignment #2 of STAT 1012: Statistics for Life Sciences. It includes 6 problems covering material from Chapters 2-3 of the lecture notes. Students are to submit written soft copies via Blackboard by October 16th at 6:30pm. The problems involve calculating probabilities, relative risks, and other statistics for COVID vaccine trials, Mendelian genetics, discrete random variables, binomial distributions, and Poisson distributions. Students are encouraged to show work for partial credit.

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31 views3 pages

Assignment 2

This document provides details and instructions for Assignment #2 of STAT 1012: Statistics for Life Sciences. It includes 6 problems covering material from Chapters 2-3 of the lecture notes. Students are to submit written soft copies via Blackboard by October 16th at 6:30pm. The problems involve calculating probabilities, relative risks, and other statistics for COVID vaccine trials, Mendelian genetics, discrete random variables, binomial distributions, and Poisson distributions. Students are encouraged to show work for partial credit.

Uploaded by

makabigail7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STAT 1012: Statistics for Life Sciences

2022-23 Term 1
Assignment #2

Due: Oct 16th, 2022 (Sun) at 6:30pm


Total Score: 100 points
This assignment covers material from Chapter 2 to Chapter 3 of the lecture notes.
You are encouraged to show your calculation steps in detail, so as to obtain partial scores in
case of incorrect answers.
How to turn in the assignment? (1) Written Softcopy Via Blackboard System (2) During the
lecture/ tutorial sessions, or (2) Assignment drop box outside Lady Shaw Building (LSB)
Room 123

Problem 1 [9 points]: We have a study of COVID-19 booster vaccine in a group of 10,000


volunteers of age 55 or above in Hong Kong. 50% of the volunteers inject the booster
vaccine and the rest of them inject placebo. After 2 weeks observation, we found that 10%
of volunteers test positive in vaccine group and meanwhile 25% of volunteers test positive
in placebo group.
(a) [3 points] Please calculate the rate of testing positive in the whole volunteers group.
(b) [3 points] Please calculate the Relative risk of testing positive given taking the COVID-19
vaccine. What conclusion can we draw based on this result?
(c) [3 points] What is the conditional probability that the volunteers have the vaccine given
that he has test positive?

Problem 2 [19 points] Suppose the genotype of Betty is unknown, but the genotypes of her
four grandparents are given by the chart below:

Grandparents: BA AO AB AB

Parents: Father ?? Mother ??

Child: Betty ??

(a) [2 points] What is the probability that genotype of both Father and Mother are AB?
(b) [3 points] What is the probability that genotype of Betty is AB?
The people with genotype AA, AO will have Phenotype A; BB, BO will have Phenotype B.
(c) [3 points] What is the probability that Betty’s Phenotype is B?
(d) [5 points] Are the blood type of Betty and Betty’s brother independent or not? Why?
What is the probability that both Betty’s and Betty’s brother’s Phenotype are B?
[Will Betty’s blood type independence with Betty’s brother’s blood type?]
(e) [3 points] Given that Father’s phenotype is B, what’s the conditional probability that
Betty’s Phenotype is also B?
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(f) [3 points] Given that Betty’s phenotype is B, what’s the conditional probability that
Father’s Phenotype is also B?

Problem 3 [24 points] Consider a discrete random variable 𝑋 with CDF (Cumulative
Distribution Function) 𝐹(𝑥) specified below:

(a) [3 Points] Sketch the probability mass function (PMF) of X


(b) [2 Points] Please calculate the value of Pr(2 < 𝑋 ≤ 3) and Pr(𝑋 = 5)
(c) [2 Points] Please calculate the value of Pr(𝑋 = 4) and Pr(3 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 5)
(d) [2 Points] Please calculate the value of Pr(𝑋 = 6) and Pr(3 < 𝑋 ≤ 7|4 < X < 8)
(e) [4 Points] Please compute the population mean 𝜇 = E(𝑋), population variance 𝜎 2 =
𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) and E[(𝑋 + 3)2 ]
(f) [3 Points] Compute Pr(𝜇 − 𝜎 < 𝑋 ≤ 𝜇 + 𝜎).
(g) [3 Points] If we transform the random variable 𝑋 to 𝑌 as 𝑌 = 2𝑋 − 1, please find
the Expect value of 𝑌 and the Variance of 𝑌.
(h) [5 Points] If we transform the random variable 𝑋 to 𝑍 as 𝑍 = 𝑋 2 , please find the
Probability Mass Function (PMF) of 𝑍, the CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) of 𝑍,
and graph the CDF plot.

Problem 4 [15 points]: There are 135 students in Grade 1. Suppose the probability that a
student live in the Lamma Island is 0.02. Let X be the total number of students Grade 1 who
lives in the Lamma Island.
(a) [2 points] What probability distribution (including its parameters) does X follow?
(b) [3 points] What is the probability that at most 3 students live in the Lamma Island?
(c) [3 points] Sketch the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of X up to x = 3.5.
(d) [3 Points] What’s the expectation values and variance of 𝑋? What’s the shape of the
distribution of 𝑋 (Right-skewed, left-skewed or symmetric)
(e) [4 points] If we randomly choose 10 students in the class and find that 5 of them are live
in Lamma Island. What conclusion can we draw from it?

Problem 5 [15 points]: Let the independent random variable 𝑋 and 𝑌 have binomial
distributions with parameters 𝑛𝑋 = 2, 𝑝𝑋 = 𝑝 and 𝑛𝑌 = 4, 𝑝𝑌 = 𝑝, respectively. If
Pr(𝑋 ≥ 1) = 7/16
(a) [3 points] Please find 𝑝 and Pr (𝑌 ≥ 2).
(b) [4 points] Please compute Pr (𝑋 = 𝑌).
(c) [4 points] Please compute Pr (𝑋 > 𝑌).

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(d) [4 points] Please find the mode of 𝑋 and 𝑌. Are the distributions of 𝑋 and 𝑌
right-skewed, left-skewed or symmetric?

Problem 6 [18 points]: The number of cracks in a section of highway that is significant
enough to require repair is assumed to follow a Poisson distribution. Let 𝑋 be the number
of cracks in 20km, and we have the information that the probability of 4 cracks in 20km is
equal to the probability of 5 cracks in 20km (Pr(𝑋 = 4) = Pr(𝑋 = 5))
(a) [3 points] Please find the Expect value 𝑋 (The expect cracks in 20km) and the
Variance of 𝑋.
(b) [3 points] Find the number of cracks in 20km which have the largest probability.
(c) [4 points] What’s the probability that at least one crack requires repair in 5km of the
highway?
(d) [4 points] Let 𝑌 be the number of cracks in 5km, sketch the (CDF) Cumulative
Distribution Function and graph up to 𝑦 = 4.5.
(e) [4 points] If we should order the material to fix the cracks beforehand, how many
packages of the material (One package for one crack) shall we order to ensure that all
the cracks in 5km can be fixed with at least 95% chance?

- End of Assignment -

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