Master of Business Administration for International

Students, Ming Chuan University

Thesis Format and Example for IMBA

1. Binding Order and submission

Thesis should be bound in the order as below:

(1). Front Cover

(2). Book Spine (Appendix B)
(3). Verification letter from the Oral Examination Committee (both Chinese
and English)
(4). Acknowledgments (Appendix D)
(5). Abstract (Appendix E)
(6). Table of Contents (Appendix F)
(7). List of Figures (Appendix F)
(8). List of Tables (Appendix F)
(9). Thesis body
(10). References (Appendix G)
(11). Appendixes
(12). Explanation of Symbols (if necessary) (Appendix H)
2. Regulations of Thesis Format

(1) Text size and paper requirement:

a. The thesis should be printed on A4 paper (210mm * 297mm).
(Appendix A)
b. Margins: Every page of your thesis must have the following margins:
Top: 2.5cm, Left: 3cm, Right: 2cm, Bottom: 2.5cm. (Appendix A)
c. Font: The thesis body should be in English; written from left to right
and row by row. Foreign resources quoted should be noted in original
language by parentheses.
d. Pagination: (1) Use Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, V, VI...) to number
the pages from English Abstract to List of Tables. (2) Use Arabic
numerals (1, 2, 3…) to number the rest of the pages. (3) Leave 1cm
for page number at the center in the bottom.
e. Front cover: Include school name, the title of the thesis, full name of
the department or graduate program, student’s name, advisor’s name
and the date of graduation. For students applying for graduation in
July, August, please print Year **, June on the front cover. (Appendix
C)
f. Hardbound cover: Please bind your thesis on the left hand side. The
front hardbound cover should include all the contents of the front
cover.
g. Thesis approval sheet has to be signed by your adviser and the
director of the research institute after the oral exam.
h. Verification letter from the Oral Examination Committee should
typewrite (not in handwriting) including your name, department
name, thesis topic and the date of oral exam. Binding it in your thesis
after being signed by the oral examiners, your adviser and the
director of the research institute.

(2) Upload the e-file to http://cloud.ncl.edu.tw/mcu/ After uploading, the

“Letter of authority of thesis in E-file” will appear. Print 3 copies of it.

(3) Acknowledgments: see Appendix D.

(4) Abstract: It should include purposes, sources, methods and results of the
research should be noted in one page about 500 words. (Appendix E )

(5) Table of Contents: Arrange it according to the “Binding Order”

mentioned.
(6) List of Figures and Tables: Number all the figures in sequential order.

(7) Thesis body:

a. Chapter and section Number: Use “CHAPTER ONE, CHAPTER
TWO……” to number chapters and use “1.1, 1.1.1, 1, (1), a, (a) etc”
for sections depending on their order. For example,
CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHOD

(All Capital, Size 18, Boldface, Center)

3.1 Xxxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxx(size 16, boldface, Left)
3.1.1 Xxxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxx (size 14, boldface, Left)
1. XXXXX

(1) XXXXX

a. XXXXX

(a) XXXXX

b. Chapter Titles and Section Order:

(a) Chapter number and name should be at the top and center of the
page.

(b) Section and paragraph numbers should be at the left side of the
page.

c. Line Spacing: Set “1.5 lines” between lines. Use single space under the
name of the chapter.
d. Alignment: Justified.
e. Word Spacing: Standard.

f. Between paragraphs: .05 line, (2 lines)

 g. Font type: Type of “Times New Roman, Calibri, Cambria”, and
Chapter content size 14. Reference size 14. Line Space: 1.5 lines,
Between paragraphs Space: 2 lines.

h. Mathematical Expressions: Number each formula with parenthesis

according to their order in the thesis. For example below:

[ ]
∞
∂C /∂ ( RPP )=Η − ∑ f ( D ) bA/Q (35 )
D=RPP /S

[ ]
∞
∂C /∂Q=H /2−σS A /Q− ∑ ( SD−RPP ) f ( D ) bA /Q2 (36 )
D =RPP /S

when (35)and (36)=0, we obtain the best condition result:

i. Footnotes：
(a) Use footnotes to make incidental comments, amplification, or
acknowledgements.
(b) Number the footnotes in order and put the numbers on the upper
right corner of the related words or sentences. Number the footnotes
consecutively within the same chapter and start over in new ones.
(c) Mark the footnotes with their assigned numbers on the bottom of
the page. Use a line to separate the main text and footnotes. You can
use the bottom of the next page if the space is not enough. A sample
is as follows:
For other problems, which are apparently even more difficult, ….
NP - complete 2
2
The authors are grateful to M. L. Fisher and B. J. Lageweg for their
useful comments.
 －－－－－－
－－－－－－
j. Figures and Tables Arrangement:
－－－－－－
(a) Table number and name should be above the tables; figure number
and name under the fingers. Reference sources and comments
should all be put under the tables and figures.
Table 1 ×××××

Figure 3 ×××××
Reference sources：×××× Reference sources：××××
(b) Texts inside tables or figures should be typed, not written.

(8) Referencing: All references should be listed individually on a new page

after the main text. English references should order in front of the Chinese
references and sorting by letters of the alphabet. Chinese references
should be sorted by numbers. (Appendix G )
(9) Appendixes and Questionnaires: Copious data, materials, figures, tables
and so forth can be put in a new page as Appendixes.
(10) Instruction of Notification (Explanation of Symbols): List and explain
all mathematical notations or any other particular notations used in the
thesis in one page. It is not necessary to number the notations. (Appendix
H)
(11) Number of Copies:
a. To department office: Depending on the regulations of each
department.
b. To MCU Library: Depending on the regulations of library.
3. In-text Citations

(1) Write short direct quotations (between 3 and 40 words) with one author
a. Copy the words exactly from the original source.
b. Add “double quotation marks” around the copied words.
c. Include the family/source name, year and page number
Example:
Tayeb (1996, 59) states that “in all societies the majority of people want to
do well”.

Author’s family name year page

Or “In all societies the majority of people want to do well” (Tayeb, 1996, 59).

(2) Write short direct quotations with two authors

Example:
Bean and Papadkis (1998, 218) say that “over popular support for the
welfare state remained strong between 1985 and 1990”.
Or “Over popular support for the welfare state remained strong between 1985
and 1990” (Bean and Papadkis, 1998, 218).

(3) Write short direct quotations with more than three authors
List the first named author followed by et al. which means ‘and others’.
Note the use of the full stop after ‘al’.
Example:
First time show:

In the process approach “management performs the functions of

planning, organizing, leading and controlling” (Wasserstein, Zappula, Rosen,
Gerstman, and Rock, 2003, 49)
Wasserstein, Zappula, Rosen, Gerstman, and Rock (2003, 49) wrote
“management performs the functions of planning, organizing, leading and
controlling”, the process approach.

Second time show:

In the process approach “management performs the functions of planning,
organizing, leading and controlling” (Wasserstein et al., 2003, 49).
Wassersteinet al. (2003, 49) wrote “management performs the functions
of planning, organizing, leading and controlling”, the process approach.

(4) One author quoted in the work of another (direct quotations)

When you want to use a direct quote found in another source include the
 original author’s name, the words cited in, and the secondary source’s
name, year and page number.
Example:
Original author secondary source author page

Midooka (cited in Putnis and Petelin, 1999, 74) said “communicative

behaviours can be influenced by cultural values.”

(5) Write indirect quotations (paraphrases and summaries)

a. Change the original source words into your own words.
b. Summaries include: family name and year.
Example:

One author:
Lomas (1998) concerned about Australia’s transportation policies.

Two authors:
Lomas and Greenberger (1998) concerned about Australia’s transportation
policies.

Three or more authors

First time show:

Lomas, Greenberger, Redfox, and Bulesky (1998) mentioned that Australia

government must serially concerned transportation policies.

Australia’s transportation policies must be serially concerned by government

(Lomas, Greenberger, Redfox, and Bulesky, 1998).

Second time show:

Lomas et al. (1998) mentioned that Australia government must serially

concerned transportation policies.

Australia’s transportation policies must be serially concerned by government

(Lomas et al., 1998).
4. The Reference List
 Write the reference list in alphabetical order by family/source name.
 Names in your reference list must be the same as names in the in-text
citations.
 Do NOT use number or bullets in the reference list.

(1) One author (from books)

Family name year publication city (location)
Harris, R. A. (2002). Using Sources Effectively. Glendale: Pyrczak Publishing.
First/middle initials title of book (italics) publishing company

(2) Two authors (from books)

Note that for the second (and subsequent) authors, the initials are written in
front of their family name.
Purdie, N.M., and Smith, D.W. (1999). Case Studies in Teaching and
Learning. Sydney: Prentice Hall.

(3) Authors unknown (from books)

Use the title in italics. Example below:
The Macquarie Dictionary. 1999. West End: Herron Publications.

(4) One author quoted in the work of another (from books)

Original author secondary source
Midooka, K. cited in Putnis, P. (1999), 74. Professional Communication.
Sydney: Prentice Hall. Page

(5) Journal article

Family name year title of article title of journal (italics)
French, E. (2001). Approaches to Equity Management, British Journal of
Management, 12(4), 267-285.
Volume, issue start-end page numbers
1. Holbrook, M. B., and Schindler, R. M. (1989). Some Exploratory Findings on
the Development of Musical Tastes, Journal of Consumer Research, 16(3),
19-24.

2. Pullig, C., Simmons, C. J., and Netemeyer, R. G. (2006). Brand Dilution:

When Do New Brands Hurt Existing Brands? Journal of Marketing, 70(2),
52-66.

(6) Newspapers
Family name year title of story name of newspaper
Alexander, M. B. (2003). Charter a Course for Green Units. Sunday Mail,
December 7, 13.

Di Rado, A. C. (1995). Trekking Through College: Classes Explore Modern

Society -Using the World of Star Trek. Los Angeles Times, March 15, A3.

(7) Websites
Epsicokhan, J. J. (2004). Confessions of a closet trekkie. Retrieved October
12, 2009, from Jammer's Reviews, Web site:
http://www.jammersreviews.com/articles/confessions.php.

Book

Author, A. A. (1993). Book Title. (2nd ed.), Location: Publisher.

1. Aaker, D. A. (1991). Managing Brand Equity, New York: The Free Press.

2. Davis, S. M., and Dunn, M. (2002). Building the Brand-driven Business:

Operationalize Your Brand to Drive Profitable Growth, New York: The Free
Press.
3. Engel, J. F., Blockwell, R. D., and Miniard, P. W. (1990). Consumer
Behavior (14th ed.), Orlando: Dryden Press.

Parts of Books

Some books are a collection of chapters by various contributors. You cite

them the same way as above, but the chapter is cited first (with the title not in
italics), followed by the details of the book in which it appears.

e.g.

Grimshaw, R. and Templeton, R. (1995). Aspects of engineering services in

design and development. In: Waterhouse, M. and Crook, G. (eds.)
Management and business studies in the Built Environment, New York:
The Free Press.

Report or Governmental Publish

Author, A. A. (1990, June). Report Title, Symposium Title, Place, xx-xx.

1. Chen, Y. K. (1976). A Network Approach to the Capacitated Lot-Size

Problem, Unpublished Manuscript, The Wharton School, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, 1-10.

2. Cook, S. A. (1971). The Complexity of Theorem-Procedures, 3rd Annual

ACM Symposium, Theory of Computing, 151-158.

3. Hungerford, N. L. (1986). Factors Perceived by Teachers and

Administrators as Simulative and Supportive of Professional Growth,
Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, State University of Michigan, East
Lansing, Michigan.
4. Lichstein, K. L., Johnson, R. S., Womack, T. D., Dean, J. E., and Childers, C.
K. (1990). Relaxation Therapy for Poly-pharmacy Use in Elderly Insomniacs
and Noninsomniacs, In T. L. Rosenthal (Chair), Reducing Medication in
Geriatric Populations, Symposium Conducted at the Meeting of the First
International Congress of Behavioral Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden.

Conference or Thesis or Dissertation

Author, A. A. (1990, June). Report Title, Symposium Title, Place, xx-xx.

1. Chen, Y. K. (1976). A Network Approach to the Capacitated Lot-Size

Problem, Unpublished Manuscript, The Wharton School, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, 1-10.

2. Cook, S. A. (1971). The Complexity of Theorem-Procedures, 3rd Annual

ACM Symposium, Theory of Computing, 151-158.

3. Hungerford, N. L. (1986). Factors Perceived by Teachers and

Administrators as Simulative and Supportive of Professional Growth,
Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, State University of Michigan, East
Lansing, Michigan.

4. Lichstein, K. L., Johnson, R. S., Womack, T. D., Dean, J. E., and Childers,
C. K. (1990). Relaxation Therapy for Poly-pharmacy Use in Elderly
Insomniacs and Noninsomniacs, In T. L. Rosenthal (Chair), Reducing
Medication in Geriatric Populations, Symposium Conducted at the
Meeting of the First International Congress of Behavioral Medicine,
Uppsala, Sweden.

Accepted by Journal Reviewers but not printed (Published)

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., and Author, C. C. (in press). Title of Article, Title
of Periodical.

1. Auckerman, M., and Kieffer, S. C. (in press). Race Differences in Face-ism,

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Web Resource

1. Emmons, G. (2005). Turning On the Tap: Is Water the Next Oil? Retrieved
October 18, 2005, from HBS Working Knowledge, Web site:
http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item.jhtml?id=5049ett=globalization.
 Appendix A

Text size and Typing Range

Appendix B Book Spine

Department of Business Administration A Comparison of Influential Factors for Buying Decision between By Pandya Dhaneswara
Ming Chuan University Different Ethnic Groups: a Study in Indonesian Donut Market June 2016
 Appendix C

Ming Chuan University

Department of Business Administration

Impact of Human Resource Management Practices

on FPT Corporation’s Performance

Advisor: Chang-lung Hsieh, Ph. D.

謝昌隆 博士

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree of
Master of Business Administration

By Le Thi Van Anh

黎氏雲英
June, 2007
 Appendix D

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to acknowledge the help of several individuals because without

their assistance, guidance, and understanding this research would not have been
possible. Firstly, I am very grateful to my advisor Dr. Hsieh Chang Lung. His
patience, time, and commitment, in addition to his constant encouragement,
effort, constructive comments, support, and individualized attention were a
major source of inspiration. I learned many of the best parts of research from
him. Thank you for trusting in me. The other members of my committee were
also great assets. Thanks to Mr. Bui Quang Ngoc, Mr. Tran Trong Hung from
FPT for their precious comments and helps to collect data for this thesis.
I wish to give my sincerest and deepest gratitude to my family, my
younger sister, my honey and all of my sweet friends for their encouragement,
and great support. I love you all my dears.
To all my classmates especially to Jenny, Thu, Neeraj, Bere, Lananh, and
my relatives, I appreciate your contribution, encouragement, and support.
I would also like to thank those who agreed to participate in this study.
The generous contribution of their time and experience made this study a reality.

May 2009
Le Thi Van Anh
 Appendix E

ABSTRACT

This study examined the Impact of Human Resource Management (HRM)

Practice on FPT Corporation’s Performance. The impact of HRM practices has
become popular in recent years, for reviews, see Appelbaum, Bailey, and
Kalleberg (1994); Huselid (1995); and Ichniowski et al. (1994). The literature
included studies focusing on the performance effects of specific HRM practices,
such as training (Bartel, 1994; Knoke and Kalleberg, 1994) and information
sharing (Kleiner and Bouillon, 1988), and researches examining the influence of
systems of such practices on organizational outcomes (Huselid, 1995; Huselid
and Becker, 1994; Ichniowski et al., 1994; MacDuffie, 1995). In this study, the
HRM practices included employee recruitment, employee training, and incentive
compensation. This study examined how these three skills affect FPT
Corporation’s performance.
Questionnaires were given personally to 400 managerial and non-
managerial employees in all over 15 member companies of FPT Corporation;
there were 375 questionnaires returning, in which 320 completely responses
were used for the statistical analysis. The collected data were computed and
analyzed through factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, descriptive statistics,
correlation, and multiple regression analysis.
The findings of the study were generalized as follows: (1) The HRM
practices including recruitment, employee training, and incentive compensation
were applied fairly good in FPT Corporation, (2) These HRM practices affected
significantly FPT Corporation’s performance. The most significant influence
was incentive compensation variable.
Key Words: HRM practices, Firm performance, Recruitment, Employee
Training, Incentive Compensation Financial Performance, and Employee
Perceived Organization Performance.
 Appendix F

TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................I

ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................II

TABLE OF CONTENTS...........................................................................................III

LIST OF TABLES.....................................................................................................V

LIST OF FIGURE
................................................................................................................................
. VI

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION.........................................................................1

1.1 Background and Motivations...........................................................................1

1.2 Research Questions..........................................................................................3

1.3 Thesis Structure ..............................................................................................3

CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................5

2.1 Internet of Things........................................................................................... 5

2.1.1 Definition of Internet of Things............................................................... 5

2.1.2 Layers of Internet of Things.................................................................... 6

2.2 Supply Chain Management............................................................................10

 2.2.1 Definition of Supply Chain Management................................................10

2.2.2 Supply Chain Management Characterization..........................................12

CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................16

3.1 Research Model and Hypotheses ..................................................................16

3.1.1 Research Framework...............................................................................17

3.1.2 Aesthetic aspect and satisfaction.............................................................18

3.1.3 Satisfaction and reuse intention...............................................................19

3.2 Instrument Development ..............................................................................19

3.2.1 Aesthetic aspect ......................................................................................19

3.2.2 Satisfaction..............................................................................................20

3.3 Data collection................................................................................................25

3.3.1 Company Background and Justification..................................................25

CHAPTER FOUR RESEARCH FINDINGS..........................................................26

4.1 Descriptive Statistics.....................................................................................26

4.1.1 Industry and Management.......................................................................28

4.1.2 Business Process......................................................................................32

4.2 Factor Analysis and Reliability Analysis.......................................................42

4.2.1 Issues in Production Executions..............................................................42

 4.2.2 Issues in Material Managements.............................................................44

4.3 Correlation Analysis.........................................................................................48

4.4 Regression Analysis.........................................................................................54

4.5 Summary of Findings.......................................................................................56

CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION......................................65

5.1 Major Findings...............................................................................................65

5.2 Discussions....................................................................................................68

5.3 Managerial Implications................................................................................69

5.4 Limitations and Future Research...................................................................70

REFERENCES........................................................................................................72

APPENDIX..............................................................................................................75
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 3 Layers of IoT Framework by Datang Telecom Group........................9

Figure 2-2 Two areas of Supply Chain Management System..................................11

Figure 3-1 Research Framework..............................................................................17

Figure 4-1 BPF for Production Execution in-House................................................29

Figure 4-2 BPF for Goods Receipt from Vendor.....................................................32

Figure 4-3 BPF for Goods Issue to Production Order.............................................34

Figure 4-4 BPF for Goods Receipt from Production Order.....................................36

 LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1 Supply Chain Characterizations..............................................................12

Table 3-1 Questions Mapping..................................................................................21

Table 3-2 Questions List..........................................................................................22

Table 4-1 Current Situation Findings.......................................................................60

Table 4-2 Issues, Solutions and Challenges Findings..............................................62

Table 4-3 Major Findings Correlations....................................................................64

 Appendix G

Reference
1. Aaker, D. A. (1991). Managing Brand Equity, New York: The Free Press.
2. Assaker, G., Vinzi, V. E., and O’Connor, P. (2011). Examining the Effect of
Novelty Seeking, Satisfaction, and Destination Image on Tourists’ Return
Pattern: A Two Factor, Non-Linear Latent Growth Model. Tourism
Management, 32(4), 890-901.
3. Allianz SE Group (Allianz) (2015). Public Policy and Economic Research
Allianz Global Wealth Report 2014.Retrieved September 11,2015 from
https://www.allianz.com/v14114
04269000/media/press/document/Allianz_Global_Wealth_Report_2014_en.
pdf.
4. Baker, D. A., and Crompton, J. L. (2000). Quality, Satisfaction and
Behavioral Intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 785-804.
5. Baloglu, S. (2002). Dimensions of Customer Loyalty: Separating Friends
From Well Wishers. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration
Quarterly, 43(1), 47-59.
6. Bowlby, J. (1975). Attachment Theory, Separation Anxiety, and Mourning.
American Handbook of Psychiatry, 6, 292-309.
7. Bricker, K. S., and Kerstetter, D. L. (2000). Level of Specialization and
Place Attachment: An Exploratory Study of Whitewater Recreationists.
Leisure Sciences, 22(4), 233-257.
8. Broderick, A. J., and Mueller, R. D. (1999). A Theoretical and Empirical
Exegesis of the Consumer Involvement Construct: The Psychology of the
Food Shopper. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 7(4), 97-108.
9. Brown, G., and Raymond, C. (2007). The Relationship between Place
Attachment and Landscape Values: Toward Mapping Place Attachment.
Applied Geography, 27(2), 89-111.
10. Chen, Y. K. (1976). A Network Approach to the Capacitated Lot-Size
Problem, Unpublished Manuscript, The Wharton School, University of
 Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, 1-10.

11. Cook, S. A. (1971). The Complexity of Theorem-Procedures, 3rd Annual

ACM Symposium, Theory of Computing, 151-158.

12. Costa, P. T., Jr., and Mccrae, R. R. (1992). The NEO-Personality Inventory
Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.

13. Davis, S. M., and Dunn, M. (2002). Building the Brand-driven Business:
Operationalize Your Brand to Drive Profitable Growth, New York: The
Free Press.

14. Emmons, G. (2005). Turning On the Tap: Is Water the Next Oil? HBS
Working Knowledge, Retrieved October 18, 2005, from
http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item.jhtml?id=5049ett=globalization.

15. Engel, J. F., Blockwell, R. D., and Miniard, P. W. (1990). Consumer

Behavior (14th ed.), Orlando: Dryden Press.

16. Holbrook, M. B., and Schindler, R. M. (1989). Some Exploratory Findings

on the Development of Musical Tastes, Journal of Consumer Research,
16(3), 19-24.

17. Hungerford, N. L. (1986, June). Factors Perceived by Teachers and

Administrators as Simulative and Supportive of Professional Growth,
Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, State University of Michigan, East
Lansing, Michigan.

18. Kao, Y. F., Louvieris, P., Powell-Perry, J. and Buhalis, D. (2005). E-

satisfaction of NTO’s Website Case Study: Singapore Tourism Board’s
Taiwan Website. In Few, A. J. (ed.), Information and Communication
Technologies in Tourism 2005. Proceedings of the International Conference
in Innsbruck. Springer, Austria, 227-237.
19. Lichstein, K. L., Johnson, R. S., Womack, T. D., Dean, J. E., and Childers,
C. K. (1990, June). Relaxation Therapy for Poly-pharmacy Use in Elderly
Insomniacs and Noninsomniacs, In T. L. Rosenthal (Chair), Reducing
Medication in Geriatric Populations, Symposium Conducted at the
Meeting of the First International Congress of Behavioral Medicine,
Uppsala, Sweden.

20. Pervin, L. A. (1989). Personality: Theory and Research (5th.Ed.). New

York: John Wiley and Sons.
21. Pullig, C., Simmons, C. J., and Netemeyer, R. G. (2006). Brand Dilution:
When Do New Brands Hurt Existing Brands? Journal of Marketing, 70(2),
52-66.

22. Simpson, B. H. (1975). Improving the Measurement of Chassis

Dynamometer Fuel Economy. Society of Automotive Engineers Technical
Paper Series 750002.
 Appendix H

Instruction of Notification (Explanation of Symbols)

SIM ：stress induced martensite

σP-M ：critical stress to induce SIM

γ ：surface tension force

Δμ ：chemical potential gradient

Ω ：atomic volume

T.D. ：theoretical density