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Laila

This document contains solutions to an exercise sheet on applications of mathematics for chemistry. It includes: 1) Solving a complex equation for z and finding the solution is 2 - 4i. 2) Calculating all six solutions to a complex equation involving roots, two solutions are given exactly as 2 + i and -2 - i. 3) Describing the set of complex numbers that satisfy an inequality involving absolute value and arguing it is the area above a defined parabola. 4) Analyzing monotonicity and boundedness of sequences involving polynomials, trigonometric functions and limits. 5) Using definitions to show convergence of a specific sequence.

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14 views2 pages

Laila

This document contains solutions to an exercise sheet on applications of mathematics for chemistry. It includes: 1) Solving a complex equation for z and finding the solution is 2 - 4i. 2) Calculating all six solutions to a complex equation involving roots, two solutions are given exactly as 2 + i and -2 - i. 3) Describing the set of complex numbers that satisfy an inequality involving absolute value and arguing it is the area above a defined parabola. 4) Analyzing monotonicity and boundedness of sequences involving polynomials, trigonometric functions and limits. 5) Using definitions to show convergence of a specific sequence.

Uploaded by

samiroh63
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise Sheet 5 to

Applications of Mathematics for Chemistry I


WS 2020/21
due at 18.11.2020

z−i
33. Solve the equation 25 · = 26 − 7i for z ∈ C.
1+z
34. Calculate all solutions to the equation z 6 = −117 + 44i for z ∈ C.

35. Determine and draw a sketch of the set A := {z ∈ C : |z − i| ≤ Im(z) + 1} in the


complex plane.

36. Are the following sequences monotone? Are they bounded?


r
1 n4 n4 p
an := n2 5 − 2 bn := 2 − 2 cn := 1 + cos (n2 )
n n +3 n +2

37. Calculate the limits of the following sequences, if existent (α ∈ R):


2
n3 − 5n2 α + n12 − 4α2 √ √
an := bn := cn := n2 + 3 − n2 + 1
α + n12 − 2α

5n2 − 1

n3 + n
38. Use Definition 5.1 to show the convergence of the sequence an := 2 .
n − 3n3
cos(n)
39. Let an := . First use Definition 5.7 to show that an is a Cauchy sequence.
n2 + 1
Then show the same result using Theorem 5.8.
 
1
40. Show that the sequence an := 4 + 2 cos(nπ) is not convergent.
n
Solutions to Exercise Sheet 5 from
Applications of Mathematics for Chemistry I

z−i
33. 25 · = 26 − 7i ⇔ 25z − 25i = (26 − 7i)z + (26 − 7i) ⇔
1+z
(26 + 18i)(−1 − 7i) 100 − 200i
⇔ (−1 + 7i)z = 26 + 18i ⇔ z = = = 2 − 4i
(−1 + 7i)(−1 − 7i) 50
34. To calculate all solutions to the equation z 6 = z0 := −117 + 44i, we use polar
coordinates of z0 and formula (4.2):
√
 
44
r = 117 + 44 = 125 and ϕ = arctan −
2 2 + π ≈ 2.781886 (quadrant 2)
117
Now the 6 solutions zk for k = 0, . . . , 5 are:
    
1 1 1
zk = r cos
6 (ϕ + 2kπ) + i sin (ϕ + 2kπ)
6 6
The solutions z0 = 2 + i and z3 = −2 − i can be given exactly. This can be checked
by calculating the 6th power.
p
35. Let z = x + yi with x, y ∈ R. Then x + yi ∈ A ⇔ x2 + (y − 1)2 ≤ y + 1.
Obviously y + 1 ≥ 0 and
x2
x2 + (y − 1)2 ≤ (y + 1)2 ⇔ x2 + y 2 − 2y + 1 ≤ y 2 + 2y + 1 ⇔ y ≥ .
4
Hence, A is the area above the parabola 4y = x2 , including the boundary.
   
−2 4 1 4 1
36. Note that 5 − n > 0: an < an+1 ⇔ n 5 − 2 < (n + 1) 5 −
n (n + 1)2
⇔ 5n4 − n2 < 5(n + 1)4 − (n + 1)2 = 5(n4 + 4n3 + 6n2 + 4n + 1) − n2 − 2n − 1
⇔ 0 < 20n3 + 30n2 + 18n + 4, which is obviously true.
Thus: an is strictly monotonically increasing.
r
1
an is not bounded, since 5 − 2 ≥ 2 for all n and n2 → ∞.
n
n4 (n2 + 2) − n4 (n2 + 3) −n4 −1
bn = = = → −1.
2 2
(n + 2)(n + 3) 4 2
n + 5n + 6 1 + 5n + 6n−4
−2

The denominator is strictly decreasing, hence the fraction is strictly monotonically


decreasing due to the negative sign. Since bn is convergent, it is also bounded.

cn : Calculation of some values shows that cn can never get monotone, due to √ the
oscillatory behaviour of cos. But since | cos(x)| ≤ 1, cn is bounded by 0 ≤ cn ≤ 2.

37. For all n ≥ 10 it holds: 5n2 ≤ 12 n3


1 3
2
n 1
Thus: an ≥ = n ⇒ an is unbounded and hence not convergent.
5n2 10

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