VMS Upgrade and

Installation Supplement:
VAX–11/780, 785
Order Number: AA–LB29B–TE

June 1990

This document supplements the current version of VMS Upgrade and

Installation Manual with information specific to the VAX–11/780 and VAX–
11/785 computers. This information includes startup, shutdown, and backup
procedures.

Revision/Update Information: This supplement supersedes the Version

5.0 VMS Installation and Operations:
VAX–11/780, 785 manual.
Software Version: VMS Version 5.4

digital equipment corporation

maynard, massachusetts
June 1990

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should
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Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear
in this document.
The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be
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No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is
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© Digital Equipment Corporation 1990.

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ZK4448
Production Note
This book was produced with the VAX DOCUMENT electronic publishing
system, a software tool developed and sold by Digital. In this system,
writers use an ASCII text editor to create source files containing text and
English-like code; this code labels the structural elements of the document,
such as chapters, paragraphs, and tables. The VAX DOCUMENT software,
which runs on the VMS operating system, interprets the code to format
the text, generate a table of contents and index, and paginate the entire
document. Writers can print the document on the terminal or line printer,
or they can use Digital-supported devices, such as the LN03 laser printer
and PostScript printers (PrintServer 40 or LN03R ScriptPrinter), to
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Contents

PREFACE v

CHAPTER 1 CONSOLE SUBSYSTEM 1–1

1.1 CONSOLE TERMINAL 1–2

1.2 CONTROL PANEL 1–2

1.2.1 Indicator Lights 1–2
1.2.2 Switches 1–3
1.2.2.1 Auto Restart Switch • 1–3
1.2.2.2 Boot Switch • 1–3
1.2.2.3 Keylock Switch • 1–3

1.3 CONSOLE DISKETTE DRIVE 1–4

1.3.1 Inserting and Removing a Floppy Diskette 1–4

1.4 CONSOLE COMMAND LANGUAGE 1–7

CHAPTER 2 INSTALLING THE VMS OPERATING SYSTEM 2–1

2.1 BEFORE INSTALLING VMS 2–1

2.2 TURNING ON THE SYSTEM 2–3

2.3 BOOTING STANDALONE BACKUP 2–3

2.4 BOOTING THE NEW SYSTEM DISK 2–5

2.4.1 Booting from a Local System Disk 2–6
2.4.2 Booting from an HSC Drive 2–6

v
Contents

CHAPTER 3 STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN PROCEDURES 3–1

3.1 BOOTING THE SYSTEM 3–1

3.1.1 Booting from a Local Drive 3–3
3.1.2 Booting from an HSC Drive 3–4
3.1.3 Creating Default Boot Command Procedures 3–5
3.1.3.1 Booting with DEFBOO.CMD • 3–7
3.1.4 Booting with DEFGEN.CMD—Conversational Boot 3–8

3.2 BOOTING FROM SYSF DURING AN UPGRADE 3–10

3.3 BOOTING FROM A DIFFERENT DIRECTORY ON THE SYSTEM

DISK 3–11

3.4 BOOTING WITH XDELTA 3–13

3.5 IF THE SYSTEM DOES NOT BOOT 3–13

3.6 SHUTTING DOWN THE SYSTEM 3–14

3.6.1 Orderly Shutdown with SHUTDOWN.COM 3–14
3.6.2 Emergency Shutdown With OPCCRASH.EXE 3–14
3.6.3 Emergency Shutdown with CRASH 3–15

CHAPTER 4 BACKUP PROCEDURES 4–1

4.1 USING STANDALONE BACKUP 4–2

4.1.1 Installing Standalone BACKUP on the System Disk 4–2
4.1.2 Booting Standalone BACKUP from the System Disk 4–3
4.1.3 Installing Standalone BACKUP on Floppy Diskettes 4–4
4.1.4 Booting Standalone BACKUP from Floppy Diskettes 4–7

4.2 BACKING UP THE SYSTEM DISK 4–9

4.3 RESTORING THE SYSTEM DISK 4–11

vi
 Contents

4.4 BACKING UP THE CONSOLE RX01 4–12

APPENDIX A INITIALIZING MULTIPORT (SHARED) MEMORY UNITS A–1

GLOSSARY Glossary–1

INDEX

FIGURES
1–1 VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785 Console Subsystem 1–1
1–2 VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785 Control Panel 1–2
1–3 Console Diskette Drive 1–5
1–4 Inserting a Floppy Diskette 1–6

TABLES
1–1 VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785 Indicator Lights on the Control
Panel 1–2
1–2 Keylock Switch Settings 1–3
1–3 Commonly Used Console Mode Commands 1–7
2–1 Device Names for the VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785 Devices 2–2
3–1 Device Codes for VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785 Disks 3–3
3–2 SYSGEN Commands Used in SYSBOOT 3–9
A–1 Values for Multiport Memory Structures A–2

vii
Preface
VMS Upgrade and Installation Supplement: VAX–11/780, 785 contains
installation and upgrade information specific to the VAX–11/780 and
VAX–11/785 computers. Use it in conjunction with the VMS Upgrade and
Installation Manual.
IMPORTANT: When you are ready to upgrade, install, or update the VMS
operating system, use the supplied documentation as follows:
1 Read all release-specific cover letters (if any) included with
your distribution kit.
2 Read the most current version of theVMS Release Notes.
3 Consult the VMS Upgrade and Installation Manual for the
VMS version that you are installing or upgrading to. It is
your primary source of step-by-step upgrade and installation
procedures.
4 Refer to this supplement for computer-specific information
when the VMS Upgrade and Installation Manual directs you to
do so.
5 Store this supplement and the VMS Upgrade and Installation
Manual in the binder that contains theVMS Release Notes.

Intended Audience
VMS Upgrade and Installation Supplement: VAX–11/780, 785 is intended
for anyone responsible for installing or upgrading the VMS operating
system on a VAX–11/780 or VAX–11/785 computer.

Document Structure
This manual is organized as follows:
• Chapter 1 describes the console subsystem.
• Chapter 2 describes some of the tasks you need to perform when you
install the VMS operating system.
• Chapter 3 contains instructions for starting up the system. It also
describes system shutdown procedures.
• Chapter 4 describes backup procedures you should perform on a
regular basis.

Appendix A provides instructions for initializing multiport memory units.

The Glossary defines key terms used in this manual.

v
Preface

Associated Documents
You should have access to the following documents:
• VMS Upgrade and Installation Manual, which is your primary source
of upgrade and installation information. Use the VMS Upgrade
and Installation Manual in conjunction with VMS Upgrade and
Installation Supplement: VAX–11/780, 785 when you are performing
an installation or upgrade.
• VMS Release Notes, which provides important information on various
aspects of the VMS operating system. You should read the VMS
Release Notes before installing, upgrading, or updating the VMS
operating system.
• Hardware manuals supplied with your VAX computer. These manuals
contain detailed information about your system hardware.

Conventions
The following conventions are used in this manual:
Ctrl/x A sequence such as Ctrl/x indicates that you must
hold down the key labeled Ctrl while you press
another key or a pointing device button.
A vertical ellipsis indicates the omission of items from
. a code example or command format; the items are
. omitted because they are not important to the topic
. being discussed.
red ink Red ink indicates information that you must enter from
the keyboard or a screen object that you must choose
or click on.
For online versions of the book, user input is shown in
bold.
boldface text Boldface text represents the introduction of a new
term or the name of an argument, an attribute, or a
reason.
Boldface text is also used to show user input in online
versions of the book.
UPPERCASE TEXT Uppercase letters indicate that you must enter a
command (for example, enter OPEN/READ), or they
indicate the name of a routine, the name of a file, the
name of a file protection code, or the abbreviation for
a system privilege.
numbers Unless otherwise noted, all numbers in the text are
assumed to be decimal. Nondecimal radixes—binary,
octal, or hexadecimal—are explicitly indicated.

vi
1 Console Subsystem

Before you install the VMS operating system, you need to be familiar with
the console subsystem. The console subsystem consists of the following:
• Console terminal
• LSI-11 microcomputer
• Control panel
• Console diskette drive
• Console command language
• Remote diagnostic port

In general, use the console subsystem to examine and deposit data in

memory or computer registers, stop the computer, and boot the operating
system. During installation, use the console susbsystem to boot the
computer and monitor the installation process.
Figure 1–1 VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785 Console Subsystem

Central
Processor
Unit

M
e System
LSI−11 m Console
Port for o Block
Microcomputer
r Storage
Remote Device
y
Diagnostics

Console
Terminal

ZK−0999−GE

This chapter describes the parts of the console subsystem that you use
to install the VMS operating system. For a complete description of the
console subsystem, see the hardware manual for the VAX–11/780 and
VAX–11/785.

1–1
 Console Subsystem
1.1 Console Terminal

1.1 Console Terminal

There are two types of console terminals:
• The Local console terminal is a hardcopy terminal attached to the
system that prints a log of computer activities. Use it to control and
monitor system operations.
• The remote console terminal is optional. If you purchase one, Digital
diagnostics centers use a remote console terminal (located at the
diagnostics center) to control system operations during diagnostic
testing.

1.2 Control Panel

The VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785 control panels are identical. The panel
is located on the front of the computer and consists of four indicator lights
and three switches. Figure 1–2 shows the control panel.
Figure 1–2 VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785 Control Panel

LOCAL
LOCAL REMOTE/
OFF DISABLE DISABLE
ATTN RUN POWER REMOTE

OFF REMOTE
AUTO
digi ta l VAX 11/780 RESTART BOOT

ON

ZK−0776−GE

1.2.1 Indicator Lights

Table 1–1 describes the indicator lights on the VAX–11/780 and VAX–11
/785 control panels.

Table 1–1 VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785 Indicator Lights on the Control

Panel
Label Function

Attn Glows red when the computer is stopped and the console
subsystem is in console mode.
Run Glows green when the computer is running and the console
subsystem is in program mode.
Power Glows green when power is supplied to the computer.
Remote Glows red when the computer is stopped and the remote
diagnostic port is enabled.

1–2
 Console Subsystem
1.2 Control Panel

1.2.2 Switches
The control panel has the following switches:
• Auto Restart switch
• Boot switch
• Five-position keylock switch

1.2.2.1 Auto Restart Switch

The Auto Restart switch has the following settings:
On The system reboots automatically when one of the events listed
below occurs.
Off The console-mode prompt (>>>) appears on the console terminal
when one of the events listed below occurs.
The setting of the Auto Restart switch determines what happens after any
of the following events:
• The power is turned on.
• A power failure occurs (if the battery backup unit did not save the
contents of memory).
• A shutdown occurs (if you entered Y at the auto reboot prompt).
• The microprogram detects an error halt condition (for example, a
HALT instruction executed in kernel mode).

Set the Auto Restart switch to On during normal system operations.

1.2.2.2 Boot Switch

Push the Boot switch to the On position to boot the system with the
default boot command procedure. This spring-loaded switch Returns to Off
when you release it.

1.2.2.3 Keylock Switch

The five-position keylock switch controls system power and determines
how the system responds to commands from local and remote console
terminals. Table 1–2 describes each keylock switch setting. Note that the
power supply to the system is turned off only when the keylock switch is
set to Off.

Table 1–2 Keylock Switch Settings

Setting Meaning

Off Power is supplied to the battery backup unit and to the

time-of-year clock, but not to the computer.

(continued on next page)

1–3
 Console Subsystem
1.2 Control Panel

Table 1–2 (Cont.) Keylock Switch Settings

Setting Meaning
Local Disable1 You cannot use the local console terminal in console mode to
control the system. You can use it in program mode as a user
terminal. A Digital diagnostics center cannot use the remote
console terminal when the switch is set to Local Disable.
Local You can use the local console terminal in console mode to
control the system. You can use it in program mode as a user
terminal. A Digital diagnostics center cannot use the remote
console terminal when the switch is set to Local.
Remote Disable A Digital diagnostics center can use the remote console
terminal in program mode, but not in console mode. You
cannot use the local console terminal.
Remote A Digital diagnostics center is in control of the system. You
cannot use the local console terminal. However, the Digital
diagnostics center can enter commands to restore control to
the local console terminal.

1 Pressing the Boot switch to On has no effect because BOOT is a console mode command.

1.3 Console Diskette Drive

The console subsystem has a single floppy diskette drive, referred to as
the console diskette drive. The floppy diskette drive holds RX01 floppy
diskettes and is assigned the device name CSA1. The console RX01
floppy diskette contains the command procedures used to boot (load) the
operating system from the system disk into computer memory. It also is
used to do the following tasks:
• Install updates
• Install optional software products
• Boot standalone BACKUP

1.3.1 Inserting and Removing a Floppy Diskette

To insert a floppy diskette in the console diskette drive, do the following:
1 Unlatch and open the CPU cabinet doors.
2 The diskette drive assembly is a rectangular, unpainted steel box in
the lower right-hand corner of the cabinet. There is a black handle on
the right of the drive assembly. Figure 1–3 shows the location of the
console diskette drive. Pull the handle to swing out the drive until it
is perpendicular to the cabinet. If you do not swing it out far enough,
or if you swing it out too far, you will not be able to insert the floppy
diskette.

1–4
 Console Subsystem
1.3 Console Diskette Drive

Figure 1–3 Console Diskette Drive

Drive Disk Drive Assembly Handle

ZK−7437−GE

3 Press the black door latch on the top of the diskette drive to unlock the
diskette slot cover. The cover will spring open.
4 Check the drive to be sure that it is empty. (If a floppy diskette is
already in the drive, remove it and place it in a protective paper
envelope.) Hold the floppy diskette so that the label is at the top and
faces towards the right. The oval slot on the floppy diskette should be
at the bottom. Figure 1–4 shows how to insert the floppy diskette in
the drive.

1–5
Console Subsystem
1.3 Console Diskette Drive

Figure 1–4 Inserting a Floppy Diskette

ZK−7438−SC

5 Close the diskette slot cover.

6 Swing the drive assembly back into the cabinet.
7 Close and latch the cabinet doors.

To remove a floppy diskette from the drive, open the diskette slot cover.
Lift the floppy diskette firmly but gently out of the drive, taking care
not to touch any exposed platter surfaces. Place the floppy diskette in a
protective paper envelope.

1–6
 Console Subsystem
1.4 Console Command Language

1.4 Console Command Language

The console subsystem Runs in two different modes, console mode and
program mode.
• Console mode — When the console subsystem is in console mode,
the VMS operating system is not running and the console-mode
prompt (>>>) is displayed. The CPU can be running or it can be
stopped. When the CPU is running, it responds to a limited number
of commands. When the CPU is stopped, it responds to all console
mode commands. To stop the CPU, enter the HALT command at the
console-mode prompt (>>>).
To go from console mode to program mode, boot the VMS operating
system as described in Chapter 3.
• Program mode — When the console subsystem is in program mode,
the VMS operating system is running and the dollar-sign prompt ($) is
displayed. You can enter DCL commands, Run programs, and receive
system messages.
If the VMS operating system is running and you want to go to console
mode, follow the shutdown procedure described in Chapter 3. You
can also press Ctrl/P to suspend program mode temporarily and go to
console mode. To get back to program mode, enter the CONTINUE
command at the console-mode prompt (>>>).

Table 1–3 describes the console mode commands you use during the
installation procedure.

Table 1–3 Commonly Used Console Mode Commands

Command Definition

BOOT Executes a boot command procedure that loads a VAX software

program into memory. The boot command procedure transfers
control to the program in memory and puts the console subsystem
in program mode. During the installation procedure use the
abbreviation, B, for the BOOT command.
DEPOSIT Puts a value in the specified register or memory location. During
the installation procedure use the abbreviation, D, for the DEPOSIT
command.
HALT Completes the execution of the instruction in process and stops the
CPU.

For more information on the console subsystem and command language,

see the hardware manuals supplied with your VAX computer.

1–7
2 Installing the VMS Operating System

The VMS Upgrade and Installation Manual is your primary source

for step-by-step upgrade and installation procedures. Start any VMS
installation or upgrade by following the instructions in the VMS Upgrade
and Installation Manual.
Refer to this chapter for installation information specific to the VAX–11
/780 and VAX–11/785 computers. For example, before installing VMS you
need to know how to determine device names for the drives that you will
use for the distribution media and the the system disk. In addition to
helping you determine device names, this chapter also provides instruction
for the following functions:
• Turning on the system
• Booting standalone BACKUP
• Booting the new system disk

Note: The screen displays and examples in this manual depict the
installation of a particular VMS version. Your screen displays
reflect the version that you are installing.
If you are installing the VMS operating system on a VAX computer that is part of a VAXcluster
environment, see also the VMS VAXcluster Manual.

2.1 Before Installing VMS

At different times during the installation, the installation procedure
prompts you to identify which drive contains the distribution media and
which drive contains the system disk. You refer to a drive by its device
name which has the following format:
ddcu
where:
• dd is the device code. The device code tells what type of drive you are
using.
• c is the controller designation. A controller designation can be one of
the alphabetic letters A through Z. The controller designation, along
with the unit number, identifies the location of the drive.
• u is the unit number. A unit number can be a decimal number in
the range of 0 to n.1 The unit number, along with the controller
designation, identifies the location of the drive.

1
The first drive on a controller is usually assigned a unit number of zero, the next drive is assigned a unit
number of one, and so on. The range is determined by the bus that supports the device. For example, UDA
disks can have unit numbers in the range of 0 to 254.

2–1
Installing the VMS Operating System
2.1 Before Installing VMS

Note: The only part of the name you can readily modify is the unit
number. The device code is fixed and the controller designation is
made when the hardware is installed.
For example, CSA1 is the device name for the console diskette drive. CS
is the device code. A names the controller (the controller provides the
interface between the computer and the drive). 1 is the unit number.
If a drive is connected to an HSC device, precede the device name with the
name of the HSC and a dollar sign ( $ ). For example:
TROUT$DJA0

In the preceding example, TROUT is the name of the HSC device and
DJA0 is the device name for an RA60 drive connected to it.
Table 2–1 lists the device codes for the different drives that can be part of
a VAX–11/780 or a VAX–11/785 system.

Table 2–1 Device Names for the VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785 Devices
Used in a Device Used in a Boot
Device Name Name

Console diskette drive CSA1 CS11

RA60 disk drive DJ DU
RA70, RA80, RA81, and RA82 disk DU DU
drives
RK07 disk drive DM DM
RM03, RM05, RM80, and RP07 disk DR DB
drives
TS11 and TU80 magnetic tape drives MS –
TA78, TA81, TU81, and TU81-plus MU –
magnetic tape drives
TE16, TU45, and TU77 magnetic MT –
tape drives
TU78 magnetic tape drive MF –

1 Standalone BACKUP is the only thing you can boot from the console diskette drive.

You may select any disk drive to hold the system disk but be sure the
capacity of the disk can accommodate the size of the VMS operating
system. Keep in mind that a system disk in a VAXcluster environment
needs more space for the operating system than a system disk for a
standalone system.
Due to space limitations, the RK07 might not be a good choice for a system
disk. Depending on the size of the computer’s memory, all the VMS files
might not fit on one RK07 disk and you cannot upgrade an RK07 system
disk.
Return to the VMS Upgrade and Installation Manual to continue.

2–2
 Installing the VMS Operating System
2.2 Turning On the System

2.2 Turning On the System

These instructions assume that the system is not turned on when you
start the installation. The following steps describe turning on the system
and setting the switches on the processor control panel.
1 Turn on the console terminal.
2 Check the console diskette drive in the console subsystem. Make sure
the console RX01 is in the drive.
3 Set the Auto Restart switch to Off.
4 From the Off position, set the keylock switch to Local.
5 As power is applied to the system, the Attn and Power lights go on.
The console program boots into memory. The program displays a
message similar to the following:
LOAD DONE, 2000 MICROWORDS LOADED
VER: PCS=04-04 WCS=01-C CON=V06-00-C

6 Return to the VMS Upgrade and Installation Manual to continue.

2.3 Booting Standalone BACKUP

This section describes the steps for booting standalone BACKUP.
Standalone BACKUP lets you transfer the VMS required save set from the
distribution magnetic tape to your system disk. You need the five floppy
diskettes from the VMS distribution kit. They are labeled as follows:

Paper Label1 Volume Label2

S/A BKUP RX01 1/5 SYSTEM_1

S/A BKUP RX01 2/5 SYSTEM_2
S/A BKUP RX01 3/5 SYSTEM_3
S/A BKUP RX01 4/5 SYSTEM_4
S/A BKUP RX01 5/5 BACKUP

1A paper label is a label affixed to a floppy diskette.

2A volume label is the name the VMS operating system uses to refer to a floppy diskette.
During installation the procedure displays the volume label, not the paper label, in messages.

The procedure asks you to place the five floppy diskettes containing
standalone BACKUP, successively, in the console drive.
1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive. To
boot standalone BACKUP from the console drive, enter the following
command and press Return:
>>> B CS1

The procedure displays the following messages:

CPU HALTED
INIT SEQ DONE
LOAD DONE, 0000A400 BYTES LOADED

2–3
Installing the VMS Operating System
2.3 Booting Standalone BACKUP

Notice that the red Attn light goes off and the green Run light goes on.
The procedure displays the following message:
Please remove the volume "78x console" from the console device.
Insert the first standalone system volume and enter "YES" when ready:

2 Remove the console RX01 and insert the floppy diskette labeled S/A
BKUP RX01 1/5 in the drive. When you are ready to continue, type Y
and press Return. The procedure displays the following message:
Resuming load operation on volume "SYSTEM_1", please stand by...

The console drive makes clicking noises while it is working.

Approximately five minutes later, the procedure displays the following
message:
Please remove the volume "SYSTEM_1" from the console device.
Insert the next standalone system volume and enter "YES" when ready:

3 Remove the S/A BKUP RX01 1/5 floppy diskette and insert the floppy
diskette labeled S/A BKUP RX01 2/5 in the drive. When you are ready
to continue, type Y and press Return. The procedure displays the
following message:
Resuming load operation on volume "SYSTEM_2", please stand by...

Approximately one minute later the procedure displays the following

messages:
VAX/VMS Version V5.4 Major version id = 1 Minor version id = 0
Please remove the volume "SYSTEM_2" from the console device.
Insert the next standalone system volume and enter "YES" when ready:)

4 Remove the S/A BKUP RX01 2/5 floppy diskette and insert the floppy
diskette labeled S/A BKUP RX01 3/5 in the drive. When you are ready
to continue, type Y and press Return. The procedure displays the
following message:
Resuming load operation on volume "SYSTEM_3", please stand by...

Approximately three minutes later the procedure displays the following

message:
Please remove the volume "SYSTEM_3" from the console device.
Insert the next standalone system volume and enter "YES" when ready:

5 Remove the S/A BKUP RX01 3/5 floppy diskette and insert the floppy
diskette labeled S/A BKUP RX01 4/5 in the drive. When you are ready
to continue, type Y and press Return. The procedure displays the
following message:
Resuming load operation on volume "SYSTEM_4", please stand by...

6 The procedure might ask you for the date and time. Enter the date
and time using the 24-hour clock format and press Return. For
example:
PLEASE ENTER DATE AND TIME (DD-MMM-YYYY HH:MM) 19-Jun-1990 15:00

7 The procedure displays a list of the Local devices on your system and,
if you have them, HSC and MSCP-served devices. For example:

2–4
 Installing the VMS Operating System
2.3 Booting Standalone BACKUP

Available device DJA2: device type RA60

Available device DJA3: device type RA60
.
.
.

Check the list of devices. If the list is incomplete, make sure that all
the drives are properly connected to the system. See your hardware
manuals for details.
8 The procedure displays the following messages:
Please remove the volume "SYSTEM_4" from the console device.
Insert the standalone application volume and enter "YES" when ready:

Remove the S/A BKUP RX01 4/5 floppy diskette and insert the floppy
diskette labeled S/A BKUP RX01 5/5 in the drive. When you are ready
to continue, type Y and press Return. The procedure displays the
following message:
Resuming load operation on volume "BACKUP", please stand by...

9 When standalone BACKUP finishes booting, it displays an

identification message followed by the dollar-sign prompt ($):
%BACKUP-I-IDENT, standalone BACKUP V5.4; the date is 19-JUN-1990 15:00
$

Note: Do not remove the S/A BKUP RX01 5/5 floppy diskette from the
drive until you are asked to do so.

2.4 Booting the new System Disk

The required save set on the distribution kit is restored to the system disk
when you type the BACKUP command to start the installation. During
the process, the procedure displays the following message:

% BACKUP-I-STARTVERIFY, starting verification pass

This message indicates that the required save set has been restored to the
system disk and the files are being checked for errors. Approximately five
minutes later, the procedure displays the following message:

%BACKUP-I-PROCDONE, Operation completed. Processing finished at 19-JUN-1990 15:00

If you do not want to perform another standalone BACKUP operation,
use the console to halt the system.
If you do want to perform another standalone BACKUP operation,
ensure the standalone application volume is online and ready.
Enter "YES" to continue:
To continue the installation, halt the system and boot the system disk
using the appropriate procedure described in the following sections.
When the boot is complete, the procedure displays some messages
including warning messages that the VMS license is not registerd. You can
ignore these warnings and continue with the installation. After you finish
the installation, follow the instructions for registering the VMS license.

2–5
 Installing the VMS Operating System
2.4 Booting the new System Disk

When the installation procedure prompts for it, enter the date and time
using the 24-hour clock format. After you enter the date and time,
Return to the VMS Upgrade and Installation Manual to continue with
the installation. If the system does not boot, a hardware or software
problem might exist. Refer to Section 3.5 for the symptoms of hardware
and software problems and the actions you can take to correct these
problems.

2.4.1 Booting from a Local System Disk

To boot the new system from a Local system disk, use the following
procedure:
1 If the system is not in console mode, press Ctrl/P.
2 At the console mode prompt (>>>), enter the following command:
>>> HALT

3 Remove the S/A BKUP RX01 5/5 floppy diskette and insert the console
RX01 in the console floppy diskette drive.
4 Boot the Local system disk. For example, if the system disk is on an
RP06 disk drive designated as unit one, enter the following command:
>>> B DBA1

Booting the operating system into memory from the disk takes several
minutes. During the boot process, the installation procedure displays
the following messages:
CPU HALTED
INIT SEQ DONE
.
.
.
LOAD DONE, 000A400 BYTES LOADED
5 When the boot is complete, the procedure displays some messages
including warning messages that the VMS license is not registerd. You
can ignore these warnings and continue with the installation. After
you finish the installation, follow the instructions for registering the
VMS license.
6 Return to the VMS Upgrade and Installation Manual to continue.

2.4.2 Booting from an HSC Drive

To boot from an HSC system disk, use the following procedure. The
procedure assumes the VMS operating system is not Running.
1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive (CSA1)
and the keylock switch is set to Local.
2 Press Ctrl/P and enter the HALT command at the console prompt:
>>> HALT

2–6
 Installing the VMS Operating System
2.4 Booting the new System Disk

3 Deposit the HSC controller’s node number (in hexadecimal notation)

into register 2 (R2). For example, if the HSC controller is node number
12 (hexadecimal C), enter the following console command:
>>> DEPOSIT R2 C

Note: If the drive holding the HSC system disk is attached to two
HSC controllers, deposit both node numbers in register 2 (R2).
Put the greater number in hexadecimal digits 3 and 2. Put the
smaller number in digits 1 and 0. For example, if one HSC is
node number 18 (hexadecimal 12) and the other is node number
10 (hexadecimal A), add the following command:
DEPOSIT R2 120A

4 Deposit the HSC drive’s unit number (in hexadecimal notation) into
register 3 (R3). For example, if the HSC system disk is on the drive
assigned unit number 3, add the following line to the file:
>>> DEPOSIT R3 3

5 Enter the following command to boot the HSC system disk:

>>> @CIBOO.CMD

Note: You can also create default boot command procedures so that
the system automatically boots from a particular drive. To
create default boot command procedures, see Section 3.1.3.
6 Return to the VMS Upgrade and Installation Manual to continue.

2–7
3 Startup and Shutdown Procedures

During a VMS installation or upgrade, your system will shut down

and automatically restart (boot) the system several times. Although
the installation and upgrade procedures usually perform these tasks
automatically, you may have to manually shut down or boot the system.
Furthermore, you may have to occasionally boot the system during normal
operation.
This chapter describes the various methods for booting the system and
for shutting the system down. The method you use to boot the system
depends in part on where you have the system disk. If the system disk
is on a local drive, you boot the system by identifying the drive on the
command line. If the system disk is on an HSC drive(s), you must use
the console to establish the identity of the HSC drive(s) and then use the
CIBOO command procedures as described in Section 3.1.2.

3.1 Booting the System

Booting is the process of loading system software into memory. The VAX–
11/780 and VAX–11/785 use boot command procedures to boot the VMS
operating system from the system disk into memory. A boot command
procedure does the following:
• Sets up the system environment
• Deposits values in registers
• Tells the system what type of drive the system disk is on as well as the
controller designation and the unit number of the drive
• Loads the VMS operating system into memory
• Starts the CPU

The instructions for booting the system vary slightly for different types
of drives. Therefore, there is a boot command procedure for each type of
drive that the computer supports.
For example, you can boot an RP06 drive that has a unit number of zero
with the boot command procedure DB0BOO.CMD (assuming the controller
designation is A). If the drive has a unit number of one, use the boot
command procedure DB1BOO.CMD. Use CIBOO.CMD to boot from a
system disk on an HSC drive.
All boot command procedures are located on the console RX01. The console
RX01 must be in the console diskette drive (CSA1) whenever you boot the
system.
The boot process consists of the following steps:
1 You enter the BOOT command. The specified boot command procedure
deposits information in the general purpose registers.

3–1
Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.1 Booting the System

2 VMB.EXE, the primary boot program, is loaded into memory.

VMB.EXE is a program that allows access to the system disk.
VMB.EXE locates SYS$SYSTEM:SYSBOOT.EXE on the system disk
and loads it into memory.
3 SYSBOOT.EXE loads the SYSGEN parameters stored in
SYS$SYSTEM:VAXVMSSYS.PAR and checks the conversational boot
flag. If the flag is set, the procedure stops and displays the SYSBOOT>
prompt. If the flag is not set, SYSBOOT.EXE loads the VMS executive
into memory and transfers control to the VMS executive.
4 When the VMS executive finishes, it executes the SWAPPER process.
5 The SWAPPER creates the SYSINIT process.
6 SYSINIT creates the STARTUP process.
7 STARTUP executes SYS$SYSTEM:STARTUP.COM (unless you
indicated another file at the SYSBOOT> prompt) and SYSTARTUP_
V5.COM. The current values of SYSGEN parameters are written back
to VAXVMSSYS.PAR.
8 The boot process finishes, and you can log in to the VMS operating
system.

There are some restrictions for booting a VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785.

If you plan to boot from a UDA50-supported disk drive, you must keep in
mind the following restrictions when you configure the system:
• Each UNIBUS up to (but not including) the one that supports the
system disk must have exactly one UDA50. Each UNIBUS from the
system disk upwards can have up to the legally allowable number of
UDA50s.
• You can boot only from the first UDA50 on a UNIBUS (that is, the one
with the fixed CSR and vector).

Do not enter the following SYSGEN command on a VAX–11/780 computer

or a VAX–11/785 computer:
SYSGEN> CONNECT OPA1

Specifying CONNECT OPA1 on a VAX–11/780 or VAX–11/785 corrupts

the console software in such a way that you will not be able to do the
following:
• Access the console RX01—Any attempt to access the console RX01
results in an I/O timeout.
• Reboot the system from a system disk on an HSC drive—The system
cannot use the access path to the console interface board and displays
the following error message:
CANNOT FIND CI MICROCODE FILE

If you enter the CONNECT OPA1 command by mistake, turn off the power
to the console subsystem and reload the software on the console RX01.
The following sections describe how to boot from a local or an HSC drive.

3–2
 Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.1 Booting the System

3.1.1 Booting from a Local Drive

To boot from a system disk on a local drive, use the following procedure:
1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive (CSA1)
and the keylock switch is set to Local.
2 If the VMS operating system is not running, go to step 3.
If the VMS operating system is running, log in to the SYSTEM
account. Enter the following command and press Return:
$ @SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN

Answer the questions. When the procedure asks if an automatic

system reboot should be performed, press Return for NO. When the
procedure is finished, it displays the following message:
SYSTEM SHUTDOWN COMPLETE -- USE CONSOLE TO HALT SYSTEM

3 Press Ctrl/P. At the prompt, enter the HALT command and press
Return:
>>> HALT

4 Enter the BOOT command followed by the boot name for the drive that
holds the system disk. The format for a boot name is as follows:
ddu
where:
• dd is the device code (with some drives the device code is different
when it is part of a boot name, Table 3–1 lists the device codes to
use in boot names)
• u is the unit number

Table 3–1 Device Codes for VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785 Disks

Device Used in a Boot Name

RA60, RA80, RA81, and RA82 disk drives DU

RK07 disk drive DM
RM03, RM05, RM80, RP05, RP06, and DB
RP07 disk drives

For example, suppose the system disk is on an RA80 disk drive (DU is
the device code for the RA80 drive) with a unit number of zero. Enter
the following command and press Return:
>>> B DU0

If you have a VAX–11/785, you can also specify a boot name in one of
the following formats:
• ddc (c is the controller designation)
• dd

3–3
 Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.1 Booting the System

Depending on the format, there are several rules to follow for a VAX–
11/785. These rules are given in Section 3.1.

You can also create default boot command procedures so that the system
automatically boots from a particular drive. To create default boot
command procedures, see Section 3.1.3.

3.1.2 Booting from an HSC Drive

To boot from a system disk on an HSC drive, use the following procedure.
Note that all numeric entries are made in hexadecimal notation.
1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive (CSA1)
and the keylock switch is set to Local.
2 If the VMS operating system is not running, go to step 3.
If the VMS operating system is running, log in to the SYSTEM
account. Enter the following command and press Return:
$ @SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN

Answer the questions. When the procedure asks if an automatic

system reboot should be performed, press Return for NO. When the
procedure is finished, it displays the following message:
SYSTEM SHUTDOWN COMPLETE -- USE CONSOLE TO HALT SYSTEM

3 Press Ctrl/P. At the prompt, enter the HALT command and press
Return:
>>> HALT

4 Determine the unit number of the system disk and the node number
of the HSC controlling it. If the drive holding the system disk has two
HSC controllers, determine both node numbers.
5 Deposit the HSC node number in register 2 (R2) using the following
format:
>>> D R2 node-number

For example, if the HSC is node number 12 (hexadecimal C), enter the
following command and press Return:
>>> D R2 C

Note: If the drive holding the system disk is accessible to two

HSCs, deposit both node numbers. Put the greater number
in hexadecimal digits 3 and 2. Put the lesser number in
digits 1 and 0. For example, if one HSC is node number 18
(hexadecimal 12) and the other is node number 10 (hexadecimal
A), enter the following command and press Return:
>>> D R2 120A

6 Deposit the unit number of the drive holding the system disk in
register 3 (R3). Use the following format:
>>> D R3 unit-number

3–4
 Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.1 Booting the System

For example, if the drive holding the system disk has a unit number of
21 (hexadecimal 15), enter the following command and press Return:
>>> D R3 15

7 To boot the system disk, enter the following command and press
Return:
>>> @CIBOO.CMD

You can also create default boot command procedures so that the system
automatically boots from a particular drive. To create default boot
command procedures, see Section 3.1.3.

3.1.3 Creating Default Boot Command Procedures

To boot the system, you can enter the BOOT command and specify the boot
name for a particular drive. You can also create default boot command
procedures that boot the system automatically. There are two default boot
command procedures: DEFBOO.CMD and DEFGEN.CMD.
DEFBOO.CMD is the nonstop boot procedure. When you boot with
DEFBOO.CMD, you have no control over the system until the boot process
has finished. Use DEFGEN.CMD, the conversational boot procedure, when
you want to interrupt the boot process and change system parameters.
DEFGEN.CMD and DEFBOO.CMD do not exist on the console RX01.
However, Digital provides boot command procedures that you can edit and
rename using the following procedure.
Note: This procedure assumes that you have installed and booted the
VMS operating system and are logged into the SYSTEM account.
1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive (CSA1).
2 To connect the console drive to the system, enter the following
commands and press Return after each one:
$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:SYSGEN
SYSGEN> CONNECT CONSOLE
SYSGEN> EXIT

3 Use the Exchange Utility to display a list of the files on the console
RX01. Boot command procedures are files that start with either CI or
D and end with either BOO or GEN. The file type is CMD. Enter the
following command and press Return:
$ EXCHANGE DIRECTORY CSA1:C*,D*

The Exchange Utility displays a list of boot command procedures. For

example:
DUABOO.CMD CSABOO.CMD
CIBOO.CMD CIGEN.CMD
DU1BOO.CMD DUAGEN.CMD
.
.
.

4 If the system disk is on an HSC drive, copy and edit CIBOO.CMD and
CIGEN.CMD.

3–5
Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.1 Booting the System

If the system disk is on a local drive, copy and edit the files whose
first two letters match the device code of the drive holding the system
disk. For example, if the system disk is on an RP07 drive, find the
file names that begin with DB (DB is the device code for an RP07 disk
drive).
If the third character in the file name is a number, it stands for the
unit number of a drive with a controller designation of A. For example,
DB1BOO.CMD boots an RP07 disk drive with a controller designation
of A and a unit number of one.
If the third character in the file name is a letter, it stands for the
controller designation. There is no corresponding unit number. For
example, DBCBOO.CMD boots an RP07 disk drive with a controller
designation of C.
5 Use the Exchange Utility to copy the appropriate files from the console
RX01 to your current directory on the system disk. Enter the COPY
command in the following format:
$ EXCHANGE COPY CSA1:filename.CMD *

Substitute the file name of the boot command procedure for filename.
For example, to make a copy of CIBOO.CMD and CIGEN.CMD, enter
the following commands and press Return after each one:
$ EXCHANGE COPY CSA1:CIBOO.CMD *
$ EXCHANGE COPY CSA1:CIGEN.CMD *

6 If the third character of the file name is a number, go to step 7.

If the file name starts with CI or if the third character of the file name
is a letter, edit the file as follows:
a. Add a command to deposit the unit number of the drive holding
the system disk in register 3 (R3). Use hexadecimal notation.
For example, suppose the system disk is on an RP07 disk drive
with a controller designation of C and a unit number of three.
After you copy DBCBOO.CMD and DBCGEN.CMD, add the
following line to both files:
DEPOSIT R3 3 !DISK DRIVE UNIT NUMBER

Suppose the system disk is on an HSC-based RA60 disk drive

with a unit number of two. After you copy CIBOO.CMD and
CIGEN.CMD, add the following line to both files:
DEPOSIT R3 2 !DISK DRIVE UNIT NUMBER

b. If you copied CIBOO.CMD and CIGEN.CMD, add a command to

both files to deposit the HSC node number in register 2 (R2). Use
the following format:
DEPOSIT R2 node-number

Substitute a hexadecimal value between 0 and F for node-number.

For example, if the HSC is node number 12 (hexadecimal C), add
the following command:

3–6
 Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.1 Booting the System

DEPOSIT R2 C

Note: If the drive holding the system disk is attached to two

HSC controllers, deposit both node numbers in register 2
(R2). Put the greater number in hexadecimal digits 3 and
2. Put the smaller number in digits 1 and 0. For example,
if one HSC is node number 18 (hexadecimal 12) and the
other is node number 10 (hexadecimal A), add the following
command:
DEPOSIT R2 120A

7 Rename the files. Enter the RENAME command in the following

format:
$ RENAME filename.CMD DEFBOO.CMD
$ RENAME filename.CMD DEFGEN.CMD

Substitute the file name of the boot command procedure for filename.
For example, to rename CIBOO.CMD and CIGEN.CMD, enter the
following commands and press Return after each one:
$ RENAME CIBOO.CMD DEFBOO.CMD
$ RENAME CIGEN.CMD DEFGEN.CMD

8 Use the Exchange Utility to copy DEFBOO.CMD and DEFGEN.CMD

to the console RXO1. Enter the following commands and press Return
after each one:
$ EXCHANGE COPY DEFBOO.CMD CSA1:DEFBOO.CMD
$ EXCHANGE COPY DEFGEN.CMD CSA1:DEFGEN.CMD

9 When you are finished, enter the following command and press Return:
$ DISMOUNT CSA1

10 To secure the console RX01 from unauthorized access, you must enter
the following command and press Return:
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN/SYSTEM/NOWRITE/NOASSIST CSA1

Now you can use DEFBOO.CMD and DEFGEN.CMD to boot the VMS
operating system, as described in the following sections. If you change the
system configuration in the future, use the previous procedure to modify
DEFBOO.CMD and DEFGEN.CMD.

3.1.3.1 Booting with DEFBOO.CMD

You can cause the system to boot using DEFBOO.CMD when you do any
of the following:
• Set the Auto Restart switch to ON. Turn on the power. The system
uses DEFBOO.CMD to boot automatically.
• Set the keylock switch to Local. At the console-mode prompt (>>>),
enter the following command to execute DEFBOO.CMD:
>>> B

• Set the keylock switch to Local. When you see the console-mode
prompt (>>>) displayed on the console terminal, push the Boot switch.
The system executes DEFBOO.CMD.

3–7
 Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.1 Booting the System

• Set the Auto Restart switch to ON. Execute SHUTDOWN.COM and

specify the auto reboot option. The system uses DEFBOO.CMD to
reboot automatically.
• If the Auto Restart switch is set to On when the system shuts
down due to a bugcheck, the system uses DEFBOO.CMD to reboot
automatically.

The system sometimes uses DEFBOO.CMD when a power failure occurs.

If the Auto Restart switch is set to On when a power failure occurs and
the contents of memory are lost, the system executes DEFBOO.CMD when
power is restored.
If a power failure occurs and the battery backup unit saves the contents
of memory, the system restarts execution where it was interruped by the
power failure.

3.1.4 Booting with DEFGEN.CMD—Conversational Boot

A conversational boot is most commonly used in research and development
environments and during software upgrades. Perform a conversational
boot when you want to stop the boot process before it completes. The boot
process stops after it loads SYS$SYSTEM:SYSBOOT.EXE and displays
the SYSBOOT> prompt. At the SYSBOOT> prompt, you can enter certain
SYSGEN commands to do the following:
• Look at system parameter values
• Change system parameter values
• Specify another parameter file
• Specify another system startup command procedure
• Select the default system parameter file if you modified system
parameters to values that render the system unbootable
• Specify a minimum startup

There are several ways to perform a conversational boot. The following

procedure is the most direct:
1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive (CSA1)
and the keylock switch is set to Local.
2 If the VMS operating system is not running, go to step 3.
If the VMS operating system is running, log in to the SYSTEM
account. Enter the following command and press Return:
$ @SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN

Answer the questions. When the procedure asks if an automatic

system reboot should be performed, press Return for NO. When the
procedure is finished, it displays the following message:
SYSTEM SHUTDOWN COMPLETE - USE CONSOLE TO HALT SYSTEM

3–8
 Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.1 Booting the System

3 Press Ctrl/P. At the console-mode prompt (>>>), enter the HALT

command and press Return:
>>> HALT

4 To begin the conversational boot, enter the following command and

press Return:
>>> @DEFGEN

5 At the SYSBOOT> prompt, you can enter any of the SYSGEN

commands listed in Table 3–2. For more information about these
SYSGEN commands, see the VMS System Generation Utility Manual.
6 When you finish using the SYSGEN commands, enter the CONTINUE
command to complete the boot process.

Table 3–2 SYSGEN Commands Used in SYSBOOT

Command Description

CONTINUE Resumes the boot process.

DISABLE CHECKS Inhibits checking of parameter values specified
with the SET command.
ENABLE CHECKS Permits checking of parameter values specified
with the SET command.
HELP Displays a summary of the SYSBOOT
commands on the terminal screen.
SET parameter-name Establishes the value of a system parameter.
SET/STARTUP Sets the name of the system startup command
procedure.
SHOW [parameter-name] Displays active, current, default, maximum,
and minimum values for specific parameters.
Use qualifiers to display characteristics of
parameters grouped by categories.
USE [file-spec] Specifies a parameter file to be used as a
source of values (you must enter the entire file
specification including device and directory; you
cannot specify a logical name).

The following examples illustrate some operations you can perform during
a conversational boot.
You can enter the following commands to set the SYSGEN parameter
WSMAX to 512 and complete the boot process.
SYSBOOT> SET WSMAX 512
SYSBOOT> CONTINUE

When the VMS operating system displays the following message, the new
SYSGEN parameter value becomes active.
SYSTEM job terminated at 19-JUN-1990 15:00:00.00

If you modified the system parameters to values that render the system
unbootable, enter the following commands to boot using default values:
SYSBOOT> USE DEFAULT
SYSBOOT> CONTINUE

3–9
 Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.1 Booting the System

You can also use a conversational boot to specify a minimum startup. For
example, if you want to boot the system and avoid autoconfiguring all your
peripheral devices, enter the following command:
SYSBOOT> SET STARTUP_P1 "MIN"

This command initiates a minimum startup that performs the following

sequence of operations:
1 Starts the processes that control error logging, the job controller, and
the operator’s log
2 Installs known images
3 Defines the number of interactive users as eight
4 Logs off

Because this procedure does not call SYSTARTUP_V5.COM, it does not

autoconfigure the system’s peripheral devices.
The value of STARTUP_P1 is saved and affects future boot operations.
After the operating system boots, you can run SYSGEN to reset
STARTUP_P1. For example, enter the following commands to reset
STARTUP_P1 to its default value (null):
$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:SYSGEN
SYSGEN> USE CURRENT
SYSGEN> SET STARTUP_P1 ""
SYSGEN> WRITE CURRENT
SYSGEN> EXIT
$

3.2 Booting From SYSF During an Upgrade

When you perform a VMS upgrade, you must boot the system from
the SYSF directory on the system disk. To boot from [SYSF], create a
command procedure named SYSFBOO.CMD.
To create SYSFBOO.CMD, use the following procedure:
Note: This procedure assumes that you have installed and booted the
VMS operating system and are logged in to the SYSTEM account.
1 Make sure that the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive
(CSA1).
2 Log in to the SYSTEM account.
3 To connect the console drive, enter the following commands and press
Return after each one:
$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:SYSGEN
SYSGEN> CONNECT CONSOLE
SYSGEN> EXIT

4 Use the Exchange Utility to copy DEFBOO.CMD from the console

RX01 to your current directory on the system disk. Enter the following
command and press Return:
$ EXCHANGE COPY CSA1:DEFBOO.CMD *

3–10
 Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.2 Booting From SYSF During an Upgrade

5 Edit the line in DEFBOO.CMD line that deposits a value in register 5

(R5) as shown in the following code example:
DEPOSIT R5 F0000000

6 Rename DEFBOO.CMD to SYSFBOO.CMD as shown in the following

code example:
$ RENAME DEFBOO.CMD SYSFBOO.CMD

7 Use the Exchange Utility to copy SYSFBOO.CMD to the console RX01

as shown in the following code example:
$ EXCHANGE COPY SYSFBOO.CMD CSA1:SYnBOO.CMD

8 When you are finished, enter the following command and press Return:
$ DISMOUNT CSA1

9 To secure the console RX01 from unauthorized access, you must enter
the following command and press Return:
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN/SYSTEM/NOWRITE/NOASSIST CSA1

To boot from the SYSF root, use the following procedure:

1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive (CSA1)
and the keylock switch is set to Local.
2 If the VMS operating system is not running, go to step 2.
If the VMS operating system is running, log in to the SYSTEM
account. Enter the following command and press Return:
$ @SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN

Answer the questions. When the procedure asks if an automatic

system reboot should be performed, press Return for NO. When the
procedure is finished, it displays the following message:
SYSTEM SHUTDOWN COMPLETE - USE CONSOLE TO HALT SYSTEM

3 Press Ctrl/P. At the console-mode prompt (>>>), enter the HALT

command and press Return:
>>> HALT

4 Use the following command to boot from SYSF:

>>> B SYSF

3.3 Booting from a Different Directory on the System Disk

The VMS operating system is installed on the system disk in the root
directory named [SYS0]. You can use VMSKITBLD, described in the
Guide to Setting Up a VMS System, to add a copy of the VMS operating
system to another root directory on the system disk.
To boot from a directory other than [SYSO], create a command procedure
named SYnBOO.CMD, where n stands for the name of the other root
directory on the system disk. To create SYnBOO.CMD, use the following
procedure:

3–11
Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.3 Booting from a Different Directory on the System Disk

1 Make sure that the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive
(CSA1).
2 Log in to the SYSTEM account.
3 To connect the console drive, enter the following commands and press
Return after each one:
$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:SYSGEN
SYSGEN> CONNECT CONSOLE
SYSGEN> EXIT

4 Use the Exchange Utility to copy DEFBOO.CMD from the console

RX01 to your current directory on the system disk. Enter the following
command and press Return:
$ EXCHANGE COPY CSA1:DEFBOO.CMD *

5 Edit DEFBOO.CMD. Change the line that deposits a value in register

5 (R5). This line contains the comment !software boot flags. The value
is a hexadecimal number with eight bits. For example:
DEPOSIT R5 10000000 !software boot flags

Change the left-most digit of the value to reflect the name of the root
directory from which you want to boot. For example, if you want to
boot from the directory named [SYSC], change the line as follows:
DEPOSIT R5 C0000000 !software boot flags

6 Rename DEFBOO.CMD to SYnBOO.CMD, where n stands for the

name of the other root directory. Use the following format:
$ RENAME DEFBOO.CMD SYnBOO.CMD

For example, if the directory is named [SYSC], enter the following

command and press Return:
$ RENAME DEFBOO.CMD SYCBOO.CMD

7 Use the Exchange Utility to copy SYnBOO.CMD to the console RX01.

Use the following format:
$ EXCHANGE COPY SYnBOO.CMD CSA1:SYnBOO.CMD

For example, if the file name is SYCBOO.CMD, enter the following

command and press Return:
$ EXCHANGE COPY SYCBOO.CMD CSA1:SYCBOO.CMD

8 When you are finished, enter the following command and press Return:
$ DISMOUNT CSA1

9 To secure the console RX01 from unauthorized access, you must enter
the following command and press Return:
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN/SYSTEM/NOWRITE/NOASSIST CSA1

To boot from a different directory on the system disk, use the following
procedure:
1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive (CSA1)
and the keylock switch is set to Local.
2 If the VMS operating system is not running, go to step 2.

3–12
 Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.3 Booting from a Different Directory on the System Disk

If the VMS operating system is running, log in to the SYSTEM

account. Enter the following command and press Return:
$ @SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN

Answer the questions. When the procedure asks if an automatic

system reboot should be performed, press Return for NO. When the
procedure is finished, it displays the following message:
SYSTEM SHUTDOWN COMPLETE - USE CONSOLE TO HALT SYSTEM

3 Press Ctrl/P. At the console-mode prompt (>>>), enter the HALT

command and press Return:
>>> HALT

4 Use SYnBOO.CMD to boot from a different directory. For example, to

boot from [SYSC], enter the following command and press Return:
>>> B SYC

3.4 Booting with XDELTA

XDELTA is a debugging tool that system programmers use. To use
XDELTA, you need to boot the system in a special way. For information on
booting with XDELTA, see the VMS Delta/XDelta Utility Manual.

3.5 If the System Does Not Boot

If the system does not boot because a hardware problem occurs, a question
mark ( ? ) usually precedes the error message displayed on the console
terminal. Examples of hardware problems are a read error on a disk drive
or a console diskette, or a machine check error. If you suspect a hardware
problem, do the following:
1 Consult the hardware manual for your VAX computer.
2 Contact the appropriate Digital Customer Service representative.

When the operating system is loaded into memory, a message similar to

the following appears on the terminal screen:
SYSTEM job terminated at 19-JUN-1990 15:00:00.00

If the system does not display this message, a software problem has
probably occcurred. Do the following:
1 Try to boot the system again.
2 Place a backup copy of the system disk in another drive and try to boot
from it.

3–13
 Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.6 Shutting Down the System

3.6 Shutting Down the System

Before you shut down the VMS operating system, decide if you want the
VMS operating system to reboot automatically or if you want to enter
console-mode commands after the shutdown completes.
If you want the VMS operating system to reboot automatically, set the
Auto Restart switch to ON. If you want to enter console-mode commands,
stop the system after the shutdown completes.
You can perform the following three types of shutdown operations:
1 An orderly shutdown with SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN.COM–See
Section 3.6.1.
2 An emergency shutdown with OPCCRASH.EXE–See
Section 3.6.2.
3 An emergency shutdown with CRASH –See Section 3.6.3.

3.6.1 Orderly Shutdown with SHUTDOWN.COM

SHUTDOWN.COM shuts down the system while performing maintenance
functions such as disabling future logins, stopping the batch and printer
queues, dismounting mounted volumes, and stopping user processes. To
use the SHUTDOWN command procedure, log in to the SYSTEM account,
enter the following command, and press Return:
$ @SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN
To halt the system after the procedure completes, press Ctrl/P and enter
the HALT command at the console-mode prompt (>>>).
For more information about the SHUTDOWN command procedure, see the
Guide to Setting Up a VMS System.

3.6.2 Emergency Shutdown With OPCCRASH.EXE

If you cannot perform an orderly shutdown with SHUTDOWN.COM,
run the OPCCRASH emergency shutdown program. Enter the following
command and press Return:
$ RUN SYS$SYSTEM:OPCCRASH
To halt the system after the procedure completes, press Ctrl/P and enter
the HALT command at the console-mode prompt (>>>).
For more information about the OPCCRASH program, see the Guide to
Setting Up a VMS System.
If OPCCRASH fails, use the emergency crash procedure described in
Section 3.6.3

3–14
 Startup and Shutdown Procedures
3.6 Shutting Down the System

3.6.3 Emergency Shutdown with CRASH

Note: Use CRASH only if the system is hung and you cannot log in to the
SYSTEM account to use SHUTDOWN or OPCCRASH.
The CRASH command procedure causes the system to fail, resulting in
immediate shutdown. To force your system to fail with CRASH, do the
following:
1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive (CSA1)
and the keylock switch is set to Local.
2 Press Ctrl/P to stop the system. At the console-mode prompt (>>>),
enter the HALT command and press Return. For example:
>>> HALT

3 Enter the following command and press Return:

>>> @CRASH

CRASH displays a fatal bugcheck message as well as additional

messages and information. The procedure examines the program
counter (PC), the processor status longword (PSL), and the stack
pointers. It then deposits values in the PC and PSL to cause an
exception condition that sends the contents of memory to the dump
file on the system disk. Later you can read the dump file to determine
why the system did not respond.
4 CRASH halts the system, displays the contents of the program counter,
and displays the console-mode prompt (>>>).
If the Auto Restart switch is set to ON, the system reboots after
CRASH runs. If the system does not reboot automatically, reboot it
manually.
5 After the system reboots you can examine the dump file. To examine
the dump file, log in to the SYSTEM account. Enter the following
commands and press Return after each one:
$ ANALYZE/CRASH SYS$SYSTEM:SYSDUMP.DMP
SDA> SHOW CRASH

For more information about the System Dump Analyzer (SDA), see the
VMS System Dump Analyzer Utility Manual.

3–15
4 Backup Procedures

Use Standalone BACKUP to make a complete backup of the system disk.

Standalone BACKUP is a a version of the Backup Utility that Runs
without the support of the entire VMS system.
You should back up the system disk for the following reasons:
• In case a problem occurs during a VMS upgrade or update, or during
the installation of other software products. (Before you attempt any of
these procedures, you should back up the system disk.) If a problem
occurs, you can restore the backup copy of the system disk.
• To prevent the loss of system files if they are accidentally deleted.
(After you install or upgrade the VMS operating system, or any other
software products, you should back up the system disk.) If a system
file is deleted and renders the system disk inoperable, you can restore
the backup copy and continue to use the system.
• In case the drive that holds the system disk malfunctions. If you have
a backup copy of the VMS operating system, you can restore it to a
functioning disk and continue to use the system.
• In case the drive that holds the system disk malfunctions. If you have
a backup copy of the VMS operating system, you can restore it to a
functioning disk and continue to use the system.
• To eliminate disk fragmentation, which happens when files are stored
noncontiguously on the disk. The BACKUP command creates a copy of
the system on which files are stored contiguously.
— If the system disk is removable, eliminating disk fragmentation is
a one-step process. Use the backup copy as the new system disk.
Store the old system disk in a safe place.
— If you use a fixed (nonremovable) system disk, back it up to a disk
or magnetic tape. Then restore the files to the original system
disk.

This chapter contains information on the following:

• Installing and booting standalone BACKUP on the system disk
• Installing and booting standalone BACKUP on RX01 floppy diskettes
• Backing up and restoring the system disk

You should also make a copy of the console RX01 in case the original
becomes damaged. Section 4.4 describes using CONSCOPY.COM to do
this.

4–1
 Backup Procedures
4.1 Using Standalone BACKUP

4.1 Using Standalone BACKUP

Use standalone BACKUP to make a complete backup of the system disk. Standalone BACKUP is
a version of the Backup Utility that Runs without the support of the entire VMS operating system.
The VMS Backup Utility lets you create and restore backup copies of files,
directories, and user disks. However, because the Backup Utility copies
only what is on the disk and ignores sections of any open files contained
in memory, you should use it to back up user disks, not the system disk.
If you use the Backup Utility to create a copy of the system disk, the copy
will not contain portions of the files that were in memory and data about
files not yet written back to the disk (cache).
Before you use standalone BACKUP, you must shut down the VMS
operating system. The shutdown procedure sends the contents of the
caches back to the disk and closes any open files. By shutting the system
down and using standalone BACKUP, you can make an exact copy of the
system disk.
You can keep standalone BACKUP on the system disk, RX01 floppy
diskettes, or any other media that your system supports. Digital
recommends that you keep standalone BACKUP on the system disk
and on floppy diskettes. Usually you boot standalone BACKUP from the
system disk because it saves time. However, you need a copy of standalone
BACKUP on floppy diskettes in case the system disk becomes damaged.
If you have a magnetic tape distribution kit, you received standalone
BACKUP on floppy diskettes.

4.1.1 Installing Standalone BACKUP on the System Disk

You can install standalone BACKUP in any available root directory on
the system disk from [SYS1] to [SYSE]. However, Digital has established
[SYSE] as the standard directory for standalone BACKUP.
To install standalone BACKUP in [SYSE] on the system disk, use the
following procedure:
1 Log in to the SYSTEM account.
2 Enter the following command and press Return:
$ @SYS$UPDATE:STABACKIT SYS$SYSDEVICE:

The procedure places the files in the directories [SYSE.SYSEXE] and

[SYSE.SYS$LDR] on the system disk. It lists the files as they are
copied. When the procedure finishes, it displays the following message:
The kit is complete.

3 Create a boot command procedure that lets you boot standalone

BACKUP from [SYSE]. For more information, see Section 4.1.2.

4–2
 Backup Procedures
4.1 Using Standalone BACKUP

4.1.2 Booting Standalone BACKUP from the System Disk

You need a special boot command procedure to boot standalone BACKUP
from the system disk. Digital recommends that you modify an existing
boot command procedure. Ideally, this should be the default boot command
procedure, DEFBOO.CMD.
You can choose any unique name in the form xxxBOO.CMD for the
command procedure you create. However, Digital suggests you use an
existing file name and change the first letter to an X. For example, if you
use a copy of DEFBOO.CMD, name the new file XEFBOO.CMD.
To create a boot command procedure that boots standalone BACKUP from
[SYSE], use the following procedure. The procedure assumes you are
making a copy of DEFBOO.CMD and renaming it XEFBOO.CMD.
1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive (CSA1).
2 Log in to the SYSTEM account.
3 To connect the console drive to the system, enter the following
commands and press Return after each one:
$ Run SYS$SYSTEM:SYSGEN
SYSGEN> CONNECT CONSOLE
SYSGEN> EXIT

4 Use the Exchange Utility to copy DEFBOO.CMD to the current

directory on the system disk. Enter the following command and
press Return:
$ EXCHANGE COPY CSA1:DEFBOO.CMD XEFBOO.CMD

5 Edit XEFBOO.CMD. Change the line that deposits a value in register

5 (R5). Change the left-most digit so that it specifies the [SYSE]
directory. For example:
DEPOSIT R5 E0000000 !DESIGNATED ROOT IS SYSE

6 Exit from the editor to save the modified version of the file.
7 To copy XEFBOO.CMD to the console RX01, enter the following
command and press Return:
$ EXCHANGE COPY XEFBOO.CMD CSA1:XEFBOO.CMD

8 When you are finished, enter the following command and press Return:
$ DISMOUNT CSA1

9 To secure the console RX01 from unauthorized access, you must enter
the following command and press Return:
$ MOUNT/FOREIGN/SYSTEM/NOWRITE/NOASSIST CSA1

After you copy XEFBOO.CMD to the console RX01, you can use it to boot
standalone BACKUP from the system disk.
To boot standalone BACKUP from the system disk, use the following
procedure:
1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive (CSA1)
and the keylock switch is set to Local.

4–3
 Backup Procedures
4.1 Using Standalone BACKUP

2 If the VMS operating system is not running, go to step 3.

If the VMS operating system is running, log in to the SYSTEM
account. Enter the following command and press Return:
$ @SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN

Answer the questions. When the procedure asks if an automatic

system reboot should be performed, press Return for NO. When the
procedure is finished, it displays the following message:
SYSTEM SHUTDOWN COMPLETE -- USE CONSOLE TO HALT SYSTEM

3 Press Ctrl/P. At the console-mode prompt (>>>), enter the HALT

command and press Return. For example:
>>> HALT

4 Enter the following command and press Return:

>>> @XEFBOO

5 The procedure might ask you for the date and time. Enter the date
and time using the 24-hour clock format and press Return. For
example:
PLEASE ENTER DATE AND TIME (DD-MMM-YYYY HH:MM) 19-JUN-1990 15:00

6 The procedure displays a list of the local devices on your system and,
if you have them, HSC and MSCP-served devices. For example:
Available device MINE$DJA3: device type RA60
Available device MINE$DJA2: device type RA60
.
.
.

Check the list of devices. If the list is incomplete, make sure that all
the drives are properly connected to the system. See your hardware
manuals for details.
7 When standalone BACKUP finishes booting, it displays an
identification message followed by the dollar-sign prompt ($):
%BACKUP-I-IDENT, standalone BACKUP V5.4; the date is 19-JUN-1990 15:00
$

To make a backup copy of the system disk, go to Section 4.2.

To restore a backup copy of the system disk, go to Section 4.3.

4.1.3 Installing Standalone BACKUP on Floppy Diskettes

Digital recommends that you keep standalone BACKUP on floppy
diskettes in case the system disk becomes damaged. To install standalone
BACKUP on floppy diskettes, use the following procedure. The procedure
takes approximately 12 minutes.
Note: If you have the VMS magnetic tape distribution kit, you already
have standalone BACKUP on floppy diskettes. If the original
floppy diskettes become damaged or you want to make extra
copies, use this procedure.

4–4
 Backup Procedures
4.1 Using Standalone BACKUP

1 Obtain five RX01 floppy diskettes. Affix a paper label to each one. Use
a felt-tip pen to write a name on each one. Use the following names:
S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 1/5
S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 2/5
S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 3/5
S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 4/5
S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 5/5
A paper label is the label affixed to a diskette. The procedure displays
a volume label, not the paper label, in messages. A volume label is the
name the VMS operating system uses to refer to a floppy diskette.
2 Log in to the SYSTEM account.
3 Enter the following command and press Return:
$ @SYS$UPDATE:STABACKIT

4 The procedure asks you for the name of the target device. Type CSA1
and press Return. For example:
%STABACKIT-I-SYMDEL, all global symbols deleted
Enter the name of the device on which to build the kit: CSA1

5 The procedure displays the following messages. Press Return (for

YES) after each question.
The standalone kit requires five floppy diskettes. The first four
floppy diskettes contain the standalone VMS system files, the last
floppy diskette contains the BACKUP application image.
The system kit and the application kit can be built separately.
Do you want to build the system kit? [Yes/No, default Yes]:
Do you want to build the application kit? [Yes/No, default Yes]:

6 The procedure gives you two options that you can use to verify the
reliability of the standalone BACKUP kit. It asks if you want to use
the ANALYZE/MEDIA Utility to check for bad blocks on the target
floppy diskette. Using ANALYZE/MEDIA adds five minutes to the
time it takes the procedure to Run.
It also asks if you want to verify each file that it copies. This adds
another five minutes to the time it takes the procedure to Run.
Digital suggests that you type Y and press Return when the procedure
asks the following question:
Do you want to scan for bad blocks? [Yes/No, default No]:

The procedure displays the following message:

Do you want to verify copies? [Yes/No, default No]:

Press Return (for NO). Copy verification is only relevant for tape
media.
7 The procedure displays the following messages:
Sysgen parameters for standalone VMS have been placed in file
SYS$SYSROOT:<SYSUPD>VAXVMSSYS.PAR-TEMP-46E00121;1
Please place the first system floppy diskette in drive _CSA1:.
This volume will receive the volume label SYSTEM_1.
Enter "YES" when ready:

4–5
Backup Procedures
4.1 Using Standalone BACKUP

8 Insert the floppy diskette labeled S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 1/5 in the
console diskette drive. When you are ready to continue, type Y and
press Return.
The procedure displays the following message:
Analyzing floppy diskette in _CSA1: for bad blocks . . .

If there are not any bad blocks, the procedure displays the following
message:
%BAD-I-LST00BK, Device _CSA1: contains a total of 494 blocks; 0
defective blocks detected

If there are bad blocks, the procedure displays the following message:
Please replace the defective floppy diskette cartridge in _CSA1: with
another blank floppy diskette.

Discard the floppy diskette with bad blocks. Obtain and label a new
floppy diskette and insert it into the console diskette drive.
9 After running ANALYZE/MEDIA, the procedure mounts the floppy
diskette, copies a set of system files, and displays a number of
informational messages. For example:
%MOUNT-I_MOUNTED, SYSTEM_1 mounted on _CSA1:
%CREATE-I-CREATED, _CSA1:<SYS0.SYSEXE> created
%CREATE-I-CREATED, _CSA1:<SYS0.SYS$LDR> created
.
.
.

10 When the last file is copied, the procedure asks you to insert the next
floppy diskette. Remove the floppy diskette labeled S/A BKUP RX01
V5.4 1/5. Insert the floppy diskette labeled S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4
2/5. When you are ready to continue, type Y and press Return. For
example:
Please place the second system floppy diskette in drive _CSA1:.
This volume will receive the volume label SYSTEM_2.
Enter "YES" when ready: Y

The ANALYZE/MEDIA Utility Runs as described in the previous step.

11 Repeat steps 8 through 10 for each floppy diskette.
12 After files are copied to the last floppy diskette, the procedure displays
the following message:
The console volume will be mounted /NOWRITE for protection
Please make sure that the original console floppy diskette is
in the drive CSA1:.
Enter "YES" when ready:

13 Remove the floppy diskette labeled S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 5/5. Insert
the console RX01. When you are ready to continue, type Y and
press Return. When the procedure finishes, it displays the following
message:
The kit is complete.

4–6
 Backup Procedures
4.1 Using Standalone BACKUP

4.1.4 Booting Standalone BACKUP from Floppy Diskettes

If the system disk containing standalone BACKUP becomes unusable, you
can boot standalone BACKUP from RX01 floppy diskettes. You need the
five floppy diskettes that contain standalone BACKUP. They are labeled as
follows:

Paper Label1 Volume Label2

S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 1/5 SYSTEM_1

S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 2/5 SYSTEM_2
S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 3/5 SYSTEM_3
S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 4/5 SYSTEM_4
S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 5/5 BACKUP

1A paper label is a label affixed to a floppy diskette.

2A volume label is the name the VMS operating system uses to refer to a floppy diskette. The
procedure displays the volume label, not the paper label, in messages.

The procedure asks you to place the five floppy diskettes containing
standalone BACKUP, successively, in the console drive.
1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive and the
keylock switch is set to Local.
2 If the VMS operating system is not running, go to step 3.
If the VMS operating system is running, log in to the SYSTEM
account. Enter the following command and press Return:
$ @SYS$SYSTEM:SHUTDOWN

Answer the questions. When the procedure asks if an automatic

system reboot should be performed, press Return for NO. When the
procedure is finished, it displays the following message:
SYSTEM SHUTDOWN COMPLETE -- USE CONSOLE TO HALT SYSTEM

3 Press Ctrl/P. At the console-mode prompt (>>>), enter the HALT

command and press Return. For example:
>>> HALT

4 Enter the following command and press Return:

>>> B CS1

The procedure displays the following messages:

CPU HALTED
INIT SEQ DONE
LOAD DONE, 0000A400 BYTES LOADED

Notice that the red Attn light goes off, and the green Run light goes
on. The procedure displays the following message:
Please remove the volume "78X console" from the console device.
Insert the first standalone system volume and enter "YES" when ready:

4–7
Backup Procedures
4.1 Using Standalone BACKUP

5 Remove the console RX01 and insert the floppy diskette labeled S/A
BKUP RX01 V5.4 1/5 in the drive. When you are ready to continue,
type Y and press Return. The procedure displays the following
message:
Resuming load operation on volume "SYSTEM_1", please stand by...

Approximately five minutes later the procedure displays the following

message:
Please remove the volume "SYSTEM_1" from the console device.
Insert the next standalone system volume and enter "YES" when ready:

6 Remove the S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 1/5 floppy diskette and insert the
floppy diskette labeled S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 2/5 in the drive. When
you are ready to continue, type Y and press Return. The procedure
displays the following message:
Resuming load operation on volume "SYSTEM_2", please stand by...

Approximately one minute later the procedure displays the following

message:
VAX/VMS Version V5.4 Major version id = 1 Minor version id = 0
Please remove the volume "SYSTEM_2" from the console device.
Insert the next standalone system volume and enter "YES" when ready:

7 Remove the S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 2/5 floppy diskette and insert the
floppy diskette labeled S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 3/5 in the drive. When
you are ready to continue, type Y and press Return. The procedure
displays the following message:
Resuming load operation on volume "SYSTEM_3", please stand by...

Approximately one minute later the procedure displays the following

message:
Please remove the volume "SYSTEM_3" from the console device.
Insert the next standalone system volume and enter "YES" when ready:

8 Remove the S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 3/5 floppy diskette and insert the
floppy diskette labeled S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 4/5 in the drive. When
you are ready to continue, type Y and press Return. The procedure
displays the following message:
Resuming load operation on volume "SYSTEM_4", please stand by...

9 The procedure might ask you for the date and time. Enter the date
and time using the 24-hour clock format and press Return. For
example:
PLEASE ENTER DATE AND TIME (DD-MMM-YYYY HH:MM) 19-JUN-1990 15:00

10 The procedure displays a list of the local devices on your system and,
if you have them, HSC and MSCP-served devices. For example:
Available device DJA3: device type RA60
Available device DJA2: device type RA60
.
.
.

Check the list of devices. If the list is incomplete, make sure that all
the drives are properly connected to the system. See your hardware
manuals for details.

4–8
 Backup Procedures
4.1 Using Standalone BACKUP

11 The procedure displays the following messages:

Please remove the volume "SYSTEM_4" from the console device.
Insert the standalone application volume and enter "YES" when ready:

Remove the S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 4/5 floppy diskette and insert the
floppy diskette labeled S/A BKUP RX01 V5.4 5/5 in the drive. When
you are ready to continue, type Y and press Return. The procedure
displays the following message:
Resuming load operation on volume "BACKUP", please stand by...

12 When standalone BACKUP finishes booting, it displays an

identification message followed by the dollar-sign prompt ($):
%BACKUP-I-IDENT, standalone BACKUP V5.4; the date is 19-JUN-1990 15:00
$

To backup the system disk, go to Section 4.2.

To restore the system disk, go to Section 4.3.

4.2 Backing Up the System Disk

Standalone BACKUP uses a subset of Backup Utility qualifiers to back
up and restore your system disk. It is especially important that you
understand the BACKUP command qualifiers /IMAGE and /PHYSICAL
before using standalone BACKUP.

Qualifier Function

/IMAGE Lets you create a functionally equivalent copy of the entire system
disk
/PHYSICAL Copies, saves, restores, or compares the entire system disk in
terms of logical blocks, ignoring any file structure

For a complete description of the Backup Utility and its qualifiers, see the
VMS Backup Utility Manual.
To back up the system disk, use the following procedure:
1 Obtain a scratch disk or tape that you can use for the backup copy.
Place it in the appropriate drive. If you are using a tape drive, put it
on line. If you are using a disk drive, spin it up.
2 Write-protect the system disk by pressing the Write Protect button on
the disk drive.
3 Boot standalone BACKUP as described in Section 4.1.2 or
Section 4.1.4.
4 Determine the device names of the drive holding the system disk and
the drive holding the backup disk or tape. For the list of device names
for a VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785, see Table 2–1.
5 Enter the BACKUP command in one of the following formats. If you
are backing up the system disk to a disk, use the first command. If
you are backing up the system disk to a magnetic tape, use the second
command.

4–9
Backup Procedures
4.2 Backing Up the System Disk

$ BACKUP/IMAGE/VERIFY source-drive: target-drive:

$ BACKUP/IMAGE/VERIFY source-drive: target-drive:saveset.BCK/REWIND/LABEL=volume-label
where:
• source-drive is the location of the files you want to back up. Use
the device name of the drive holding the system disk.
• target-drive is the destination. Use the device name of the drive
holding the backup disk or tape.
• saveset.BCK is the name of the saveset (the name should reflect
the contents of the backup tape and cannot exceed 17 characters in
length).
• volume-label is the volume label of the tape in the target-drive. If
the tape has already been initialized, use the same volume label
that was assigned by the INITIALIZE command. If the tape has
not been initialized, you can assign a volume label at this time.
The volume label can have up to six characters.
The following example uses the BACKUP command to make a backup
disk. You can use a backup disk as a system disk.
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/VERIFY DUA0: DUA1:

The following example uses the BACKUP command to make a backup

tape. You must restore the contents of a backup tape to a disk before
you can use them. For more information, see Section 4.3.
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/VERIFY DUA0: MSA0:JUN_19_1990.BCK/REWIND/LABEL=SYSDSK

6 When the procedure is finished, it displays the following message:

%BACKUP-I-PROCDONE, Operation completed. Processing finished at 19-JUN-1990 15:00
If you do not want to perform another standalone BACKUP operation,
use the console to halt the system.
If you do want to perform another standalone BACKUP operation,
ensure the standalone application volume is online and ready.
Enter "YES" to continue:

7 Press Ctrl/P. At the console-mode prompt (>>>), enter the HALT

command and press Return.
8 Reboot the system.

Store the backup copy of the system disk in a safe place.

Note: The BACKUP command creates a system disk that includes a
Digital-provided set of volume parameters, including a CLUSTER_
SIZE (disk access scheme) of one. (The CLUSTER_SIZE refers to
the way files are stored on the disk, NOT to VAXclusters.) You
can change most volume parameters later with the SET VOLUME
command.
However, to change the CLUSTER_SIZE you must back up the
system disk to a disk that has been previously initialized with the
CLUSTER_SIZE that you want. To prevent the BACKUP command
from reinitializing the target disk, use the /NOINITIALIZE
qualifier. For more information about initializing a disk, see the
Guide to Maintaining a VMS System. For more information on the
BACKUP command, see the VMS Backup Utility Manual.
4–10
 Backup Procedures
4.3 Restoring the System Disk

4.3 Restoring the System Disk

To restore the system disk, use the following procedure:
1 Write-protect the backup disk or tape.
2 Place the backup disk or tape in an appropriate drive. If you are using
a tape drive, put it on line. If you are using a disk drive, spin it up.
3 Boot standalone BACKUP as described in Section 4.1.2 or
Section 4.1.4.
4 Place a scratch disk in the drive you intend to use for the new system
disk. Spin it up but do not write-protect it.
5 Determine the device names of the drive holding the system disk and
the drive holding the backup disk or tape. For the list of device names
for a VAX–11/780 and VAX–11/785, see Table 2–1.
6 Enter the BACKUP command in one of the following formats. If you
have a backup disk, use the first command. If you have backup tape,
use the second command.
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/VERIFY source-drive: target-drive:
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/VERIFY source-drive:saveset.BCK/REWIND target-drive:

where:
• source-drive is the location of the files you want to restore. Use the
device name of the drive holding the backup disk or tape.
• saveset is the name of the saveset, if you have a backup tape.
• target-drive is the destination. Use the device name of the drive
holding the system disk.
The following example uses the BACKUP command to restore the
system disk from a backup disk.
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/VERIFY DUA1: DUA0:

The following example uses the BACKUP command to restore the

system disk from a backup tape.
$ BACKUP/IMAGE/VERIFY MSA0:JUN_19_1990.BCK/REWIND DUA1:

7 When the procedure is finished, it displays the following message:

%BACKUP-I-PROCDONE, Operation completed. Processing finished at 19-JUN-1990 15:00
If you do not want to perform another standalone BACKUP operation,
use the console to halt the system.
If you do want to perform another standalone BACKUP operation,
ensure the standalone application volume is online and ready.
Enter "YES" to continue:

8 Press Ctrl/P. At the console-mode prompt (>>>), enter the HALT

command and press Return.
9 Reboot the system.

4–11
 Backup Procedures
4.4 Backing Up the Console RX01

4.4 Backing Up the Console RX01

Make a backup copy of the console RX01 to protect against corruption
or loss of the original. First, use CONSCOPY.COM to transfer the
files on the console RX01 to a directory on the system disk. Then use
CONSCOPY.COM to restore the files to a new floppy diskette.
To transfer the console files to the system disk, use the following
procedure:
1 Make sure the console RX01 is in the console diskette drive (CSA1).
2 Log in to the SYSTEM account.
3 Enter the following command and press Return:
$ @SYS$UPDATE:CONSCOPY

The procedure displays the following messages:

S Y S $ U P D A T E : C O N S C O P Y . C O M
Save or restore a VMS console medium.
Which CPU kit do you want to build?
78X includes 11/780 and 11/785
8600 includes 8650
8200 includes 8250, 8300 and 8350
[8600, 8200, 78X, 750 or 730, default 78X]:

4 Press Return to accept the default, 78X. The procedure displays the
following messages:
A SAVE operation involves copying the console medium to
an RT-11 virtual volume, which is a Files-11 file that
is an image of the RT-11 console volume.
A RESTORE operation involves copying the entire contents
of a virtual volume to a console medium.

5 When the procedure asks which operation you want, type SAVE and
press Return. For example:
Do you want to SAVE or RESTORE your console floppy?: SAVE

6 The procedure asks you for the name of the virtual disk that you
want the files to be saved on. Press Return to select the default
(SYS$DISK:CONSOLE.DSK). For example:
Enter file name of virtual disk [default SYS$DISK:CONSOLE.DSK]:)

7 To verify the operation, press Return (for YES) in response to the

following question:
Do you want log messages as files are copied? [Y/N, default YES]

8 The procedure asks for the name of the console drive. Type CSA1: and
press Return. For example:
Enter console device drive (DDCU:): CSA1:

9 When the procedure displays the following message, press Return (the
console RX01 is already in the drive):
Put your console floppy into drive _CSA1:,
and type Return when ready:

4–12
 Backup Procedures
4.4 Backing Up the Console RX01

After you press Return, the procedure mounts the console RX01 and
uses the Exchange Utility to begin the save operation. The procedure
displays several EXCHANGE messages, file header information, and a
list of the files that are being saved. When the procedure is complete,
it displays the following message:
The SAVE of your console floppy is complete.

To transfer the files that are on the system disk to a new floppy diskette,
use the following procedure:
1 Enter the following command and press Return:
$ @SYS$UPDATE:CONSCOPY

The procedure displays the following messages:

S Y S $ U P D A T E : C O N S C O P Y . C O M
Save or restore a VMS console medium.
Which CPU kit do you want to build?
78X includes 11/780 and 11/785
8600 includes 8650
8200 includes 8250, 8300 and 8350
[8600, 8200, 78X, 750 or 730, default 78X]:

2 Press Return to accept the default, 78X. The procedure displays the
following messages:
A SAVE operation involves copying the console medium to
an RT-11 virtual volume, which is a Files-11 file that
is an image of the RT-11 console volume.
A RESTORE operation involves copying the entire contents
of a virtual volume to a console medium.

3 When the procedure asks which operation you want, type RESTORE
and press Return. For example:
Do you want to SAVE or RESTORE your console floppy?: RESTORE

4 The procedure asks for the name of the virtual disk from which
the files are to be restored. Press Return to select the default
(SYS$DISK:CONSOLE.DSK). For example:
Enter file name of virtual disk [default SYS$DISK:CONSOLE.DSK]:

5 To verify the operation, press Return in response to the following

question:
Do you want log messages as files are copied? [Y/N, default YES]

6 The procedure asks for the name of the console drive. Type CSA1: and
press Return. For example:
Enter console device drive (DDCU:): CSA1:

7 The procedure displays the following message:

Put your console floppy into drive _CSA1:,
and type Return when ready:

Remove the console RX01 from the console diskette drive. Insert the
new floppy diskette in the drive. Press Return when you are ready to
continue.

4–13
Backup Procedures
4.4 Backing Up the Console RX01

8 The procedure mounts the floppy diskette and uses the Exchange
Utility to begin the restore operation. The procedure displays several
EXCHANGE messages, file header information, and a list of the files
that are being restored. When the procedure is complete, it displays
the following message:
The RESTORE of your console floppy is complete.

Use the console RX01 that you just created to make sure it works. Treat
the original as the backup copy.

4–14
A Initializing Multiport (Shared) Memory Units

Multiport memory units vary in size from 256K to 2M (the size of a unit is
displayed on its front panel). You can connect up to two multiport memory
units to a single processor. Up to four processors can share one multiport
memory unit.
To initialize a multiport memory unit, Run SYSGEN and enter the SHARE
command with the /INITIALIZE qualifier. The VMS operating system does
the following:
• Looks at the specified multiport memory unit. Checks to see if any
processor with a port on the unit is using it.
• If no other processor is using the unit, initializes the unit.
• If another processor is using the unit, connects the unit.

If you omit the /INITIALIZE qualifier and the multiport memory unit has
not been initialized, you get an error condition.
A multiport memory unit managed by the VMS operating system contains
the following preallocated structures:
• Common data page—Description of VMS data structure and quotas for
the shared memory
• Global section description (GSD) table—Total global sections, as
specified in the SHARE command, times 100 bytes, rounded up to the
next full page
• Mailbox table—Total mailboxes, as specified in the SHARE command,
times 48 bytes, rounded up to the next full page
• CEF table—Total common event flag clusters, as specified in the
SHARE command, times 80 bytes, rounded up to the next full page
• PRQ pool—Total interprocess or request messages, as specified in the
SHARE command, times 64 bytes, rounded up to the next full page
• Dynamic pool—Number of blocks allocated to the pool, as specified in
the SHARE command, times the size of each block, as specified in the
SHARE command
• Global section bit map—One page
• Global sections—Size of multiport memory unit minus the sum of the
above preallocated structures (that is, the remaining space)

For example, the following SHARE command specifies the values for a
256K multiport memory unit with four active ports. The results are shown
in Table A–1.

A–1
Initializing Multiport (Shared) Memory Units

SYSGEN> SHARE MPM0 SHR_MEM_1/INITIALIZE-

SYSGEN> /GBLSECTIONS=32/MAILBOXES=32-
SYSGEN> /CEFCLUSTERS=32/POOLBCOUNT=128-
SYSGEN> /POOLBSIZE=128/PRQCOUNT=64

Table A–1 Values for Multiport Memory Structures

Structure Value Pages

CEF TABLE 32 x 80 = 5 pages

COMMON DATA PAGE 1 = 1 page
DYNAMIC POOL 128 x 128 = 32 pages
GLOBAL SECTIONS 512 - 57 = 455 pages
GLOBAL SECTION BIT MAP = 1 page
GSD TABLE 32 x 100 = 7 pages
MAILBOX TABLE 32 x 48 = 3 pages
PRQ POOL 64 x 64 = 8 pages

Digital suggests the following guidelines in selecting values for the SHARE
command:
• /CEFCLUSTERS, /GBLSECTIONS, and /MAILBOXES— Specify the
maximum number of each type of structure required by all processors
at any one time. The same structure being used by many processes on
one or more processors counts as just one structure.
• /POOLBCOUNT and /POOLBSIZE—The primary use of the dynamic
pool is to buffer mailbox messages. The size of a message is 28 bytes
plus the data in the message. Since space from the pool is always
allocated in whole blocks, the recommended block size is the median
message size plus 28.
A block size that is too small for a message requires extra system
overhead to concatenate the message blocks into the user buffer and
segment them out of the user buffer. The number of blocks should be
sufficient to satisfy all messages that might be outstanding at once.
If a mailbox request cannot be satisfied due to insufficient pool space,
the requesting process enters a resource wait state or the request fails
(if resource wait mode is not enabled), just as if the nonpaged dynamic
pool were depleted. For this reason, you should overestimate space
requirements in the dynamic pool.
• /PRQCOUNT—The system uses interprocessor request blocks to
transfer requests among the VMS executive routines and mailbox
drivers on the different processors. PRQs are allocated and deallocated
rapidly, so a large number should not be needed. The default value
normally suffices. If an executive or driver request cannot be satisfied
because PRQs are depleted, the requesting routine waits for an
available PRQ.

Calculate the space remaining for the global sections and determine
whether it is sufficient. If the space is insufficient, you might reduce the
size of the dynamic pool. However, insufficient space really suggests the
need for a larger or additional multiport memory unit.

A–2
 Initializing Multiport (Shared) Memory Units

If a multiport memory unit is usually a part of the system configuration,

include the SYSGEN commands in SYSTARTUP_V5.COM.to initialize and
connect it.

A–3
Glossary

boot or bootstrap: The process of loading system software into a computer’s main
memory. This guide uses the term boot to refer to this process.

boot command procedure: A program stored on the console RX01 that is used to
boot the VMS operating system from a specified drive. Digital provides a boot
command procedure for each device that the system supports.

boot name: The abbreviated name of the boot command procedure you use to boot
the system.

boot server: A VAX computer that is part of a Local area VAXcluster. The boot
server in a Local area VAXcluster has a system disk that contains cluster
common files; other nodes in the cluster (satellite nodes) can access these files.
See also satellite node.

CI-only VAXcluster: A computer system consisting of a number of VAX computers.

It uses only the computer interconnect (CI) to communicate with other VAX
computers in the cluster.

CI750: An interface between the memory interconnect (CMI) of the CPU on a

VAX–11/750 and the computer interconnect (CI).

CI780: An interface between the synchronous backplane interface (SBI) of the CPU
on the VAX–11/780 and VAX 8600 families and the computer interconnect (CI).

computer interconnect: A computer interconnect (CI) is a type of I/O subsystem. It

links VAX computers to each other and to HSC devices.

console mode: In console mode you control the system through the console
subsystem.

console RX01: The RX01 diskette that contains the console program. It is not
shipped as part of the VMS distribution kit. The console RX01 is used in the
console diskette drive (CSA1).

device name: The name you use to identify a device on the system. A device name
indicates the device code, controller designation, and unit number.

Hierarchical Storage Controller (HSC) device: A self-contained, intelligent, mass

storage subsystem that lets VAX computers in a VAXcluster environment share
disks. Examples of HSC devices are the HSC50 and the HSC70.

HSC drive: Any drive that is connected to an HSC device is referred to as an HSC
drive. A system disk on an HSC drive can be shared by several VAX computers
in a VAXcluster environment.

Glossary–1
Glossary

Local area VAXcluster: Consists of a VAX computer that acts as a boot server and a
number of low-end VAX computers that act as satellite nodes. Ethernet connects
all of the computers. These computers share a single file system.

Local drive: Any drive that is connected directly to a VAX computer is referred to
as a Local drive.

Mass Storage Control Protocol (MSCP): The protocol used to communicate

between a VAX computer and a disk or tape controller. An MSCP server makes
Local MASSBUS, UNIBUS, and UDA50 disks accessible to all the nodes in a
VAXcluster environment.

MASSBUS: A high-speed I/O subsystem. Some of the devices that can be connected
to the MASSBUS are RM05 disk drives, RP07 disk drives, and TA78 magnetic
tape drives.

media: A generic term that refers to any packaging agent capable of storing
computer software. Examples of media are magnetic tapes, floppy diskettes,
disk packs, tape cartridges, etc.

mixed-interconnect VAXcluster: A computer system consisting of a number of

VAX computers. It uses both the computer interconnect (CI) and Ethernet to
communicate with other VAX computers in the cluster.

program mode: In program mode you control the system through the VMS
operating system.

satellite node: A computer that is part of a Local area VAXcluster. A satellite node
is booted remotely from the system disk of the boot server in the Local area
VAXcluster. See also boot server.

save set: The format that the Backup Utility stores files in. The VMS operating
system is shipped in this format.

scratch disk: A blank disk or a disk with files that you no longer need.

spin up/spin down: To spin up means to bring a disk drive up to operating speed.
To spin down means to bring it to a gradual stop.

standalone BACKUP: A version of the Backup Utility that Runs from memory
without the control of the VMS operating system.

standalone system: A computer system with only one VAX computer.

system disk: The disk that contains (or will contain) the VMS operating system. A
VMS system disk is set up so that most of the VMS files can be shared by several
computers. In addition, each computer has its own directory on the system disk
that contains its page, swap, and dump files.

UDA50: An intelligent disk drive controller that supports up to four disk drives on
the UNIBUS.

UNIBUS: A medium-speed I/O subsystem. Some of the devices that can be connected
to the UNIBUS are UDA50’s, RL02 disk drives, and TU81 magnetic tape drives.

Glossary–2
 Glossary

VAXcluster environment: A computer system consisting of a number of VAX

computers. There are three types of VAXcluster environments: CI-only, Local
area, and mixed-interconnect.

Glossary–3
Index

Console RX01
A definition • 1–4
Console subsystem
components • 1–1
ANALYZE/CRASH command • 3–15
console diskette drive • 1–4
ANALYZE/MEDIA command • 4–5
console mode • 1–7
Auto Restart switch • 1–3
control panel • 1–2
program mode • 1–7
terminal • 1–2
B Console terminal
Local • 1–2
BACKUP remote • 1–2
See Backup Utility CONTINUE command • 3–9
BACKUP command • 4–9, 4–11 Controller designation
IMAGE qualifier • 4–9 definition • 2–1
LABEL qualifier • 4–9 Control panel
NOINITIALIZE qualifier • 4–10 components • 1–2
PHYSICAL qualifier • 4–9 illustration • 1–2
Backup Utility (BACKUP) • 4–2 indicator lights • 1–2
BOOT command • 1–7, 3–1 keylock switch • 1–3
Boot command procedure Conversational boot
copying • 3–5 from a local drive • 3–8
editing • 3–5 from an HSC drive • 3–8
function • 3–1 Copy verification
used to boot standalone BACKUP • 4–3 on diskettes • 4–5
Booting the system CSA1
description • 3–1 See Console diskette drive
from a UDA50-supported drive • 3–2
minimum startup • 3–10
Boot switch • 1–3
D
DEFBOO.CMD • 3–5
C DEFGEN.CMD • 3–5
DEPOSIT command • 1–7
CLUSTER_SIZE attribute • 4–10 Device code
Configuration restrictions definition • 2–1
when booting from a UDA50-supported drive • 3–2 Device name
CONSCOPY.COM • 4–12 controller designation • 2–1
restore operation • 4–12 device code • 2–1
save operation • 4–12 example • 2–2
Console diskette drive syntax • 2–1
description • 1–4 unit number • 2–1
location • 1–4
Console mode
changing to program mode • 1–7
definition • 1–7

Index–1
Index

E O
EXCHANGE OPCCRASH.EXE • 3–14
See Exchange Utility
Exchange Utility (EXCHANGE)
using • 3–5, 4–3
P
F /PHYSICAL qualifier • 4–9
Program mode • 1–7

Floppy diskette drive

See Console diskette drive
R
Remote terminal
H definition • 1–2
Restore operation
HALT command • 1–7 See CONSCOPY.COM
Hardware problem RX01
diagnosing • 3–13 See Console diskette drive
See Console RX01

I
/IMAGE qualifier • 4–9
S
Indicator lights Save operation
on control panel • 1–2 See CONSCOPY.COM
SAVESET.BCK
defintion • 4–9, 4–11
K SDA
See System Dump Analyzer
SET VOLUME command • 4–10
Keylock switch • 1–3
SHOW CRASH command • 3–15
SHUTDOWN.COM • 3–14
Source-drive
L definition • 4–9, 4–11
STABACKIT.COM • 4–2, 4–4
/LABEL qualifier • 4–9 Standalone BACKUP
Local terminal definition • 4–2
definition • 1–2 function during installation • 2–3
relation to Backup Utility • 4–2
SYnBOO.CMD • 3–11
SYSBOOT.EXE • 3–8
N commands • 3–9
SYSFBOO.CMD • 3–10
/NOINITIALIZE qualifier • 4–10 SYSGEN
See System Generation Utility
System disk

Index–2
 Index

System disk (Cont.)

Unit number
guidelines for choosing • 2–2 definition • 2–1
reasons for backing up • 4–9
System Dump Analyzer (SDA) • 3–15
System Generation Utility (SYSGEN)
commands for conversational boot • 3–9 V
VAXVMSSYS.PAR • 3–2

T VMB.EXE • 3–1
VMSKITBLD.COM • 3–11
Volume label
Target-drive definition • 2–3, 4–5, 4–9
definition • 4–9, 4–11 used with BACKUP command • 4–9

U X
UDA50-supported drive XEFBOO.CMD • 4–3
restrictions • 3–2

Index–3