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STEM 4.2docx

The document discusses different types of motors that can be used with Arduino including DC motors, stepper motors, and servo motors. It provides code examples for controlling a servo motor by attaching it to a pin and writing angles to move its shaft. Other Arduino components described include RGB LED lights, slide switches, capacitors, diodes, sensors like photoresistors, flex sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and displays like 7-segment and 16x2 LCD.

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Taiyaki Ramen
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16 views5 pages

STEM 4.2docx

The document discusses different types of motors that can be used with Arduino including DC motors, stepper motors, and servo motors. It provides code examples for controlling a servo motor by attaching it to a pin and writing angles to move its shaft. Other Arduino components described include RGB LED lights, slide switches, capacitors, diodes, sensors like photoresistors, flex sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and displays like 7-segment and 16x2 LCD.

Uploaded by

Taiyaki Ramen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEM 4.

2
Arduino Motors
Types of Motors:
1. DC Motors (Direct Current)
- for something to spin
- does not need precision
- can run freely in both directions
- very difficult to control when it comes to speed and precision
- two wires: power, ground
- ex. fans inside a computer or phone
2. Stepper Motor
- can be found in electronics
- high precision is important
- full rotation
- rotation is divided into equally big steps and you can control the motor to stop at each
of these steps
- ex. printers, scanners
3. Servo Motor
- often used in robotics and toys
- can rotate to 180 degrees with precision
- has three wires: power, ground, and for the control signal
Continuous Servo
- similar to a DC motor
- can spin in both directions, but not as fast
- can control both speed and direction without the use of transistors
Code Explanation:
1. Servo (variable)
- creates a servo object named by the given variable name
2. (variable).attach (pin#)
- attaches the servo (variable) to the digital pin connected
3. (variable).write (degrees)
- makes standard servo shaft rotate to the position angle specified
- from 0 – 180
Code:
#include <servo.h>

Servo serva;
int pin = A1;
int val;

void setup () {
serva.attach (6);
}

void loop () {
val = analogRead (pin);
val = map (val, 0, 1023, 0, 180);
serva.write (val);
delay (15);
}
Functions
- a block of organized, reusable code
- used to perform a single, related action
Other Arduino Components:
1. RGB LED Lights
- consists of three different led’s
- may be able to obtain other colors by mixing
- 3 are connected to different digital pins while the other 1 is connected to ground
2. Slide Switch
- mechanical switches using a slider that moves
- used for controlling current flow in small projects
Code:
void setup () {
pinMode (10, OUTPUT);
pinMode (11, INPUT);
}

void loop () {
int state = digitalRead (11);
if (state == HIGH) {
digitalWrite (10, HIGH);
}

else; {
digitalWrite (10, LOW);
}
}
3. Capacitors
- releases electrical energy in a circuit
- widely used for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass
4. Diode
- allows electricity to flow in only one direction
- used to convert AC to DC and to filter out the signal in radios
- used to protect electronics, light up homes, and send remote-control signals
5. Photoresistor
- also known as LDR (Light-dependent Resistors)
- sensor in which its resistance changes based on the amount of light it senses
- used as light sensors and applications of LDR mainly include alarm clocks, street
lights, light intensity meters, burglar alarm circuits
7. Phototransistor
- used extensively to detect light pulses and convert them into digital electrical signals
- operated by light rather than electric current
8. Infrared (IR) Sensor
- an electronic device that measures and detects infrared radiation in its surrounding
environment
- used in motion detectors
9. Flex Sensor
- bend sensor
- sensor that measures the amount of deflection or bending
- common in different technological products such as automotive and industrial controls,
computer peripherals, joysticks, and measuring devices
10. Force Sensor
- another term for “load cell” or “weight sensor”
- used to measure compression, force, strain, and load
11. Ultrasonic Distance Sensor
- electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by emitting ultrasonic
sound waves and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal
- used primarily as proximity sensors
- can be found in automobile self-parking technology and anti-collision safety systems
12. Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor
- allows you to sense motion
- always used to detect whether a human has moved in or out of the sensors range
- detects body heat by looking for changes in temperature
13. Gas Sensor
- detects the presence or concentration of gases in the atmosphere
- commonly used to detect toxic or explosive gasses
- measures gas concentration
14. 7 Segment Display
- form of electronic display
- for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix
displays
- widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, basic calculators, and other electronic
devices that displays numerical information
- 7 wires for each line, 1 for the dot, 1 for the power, and the other one for the ground
15. 16 x 2 LCD
- can display 16 characters per line
- has two lines
- electronic display module used in an extensive range of applications like various
circuits and devices like mobile phones, calculators, computers, TV sets, etc.

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