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Week2-L2-Variables and Data Types

The output would be: c=19 d=36 e=15 When we prefix a numerical value with 0, Java treats it as an octal (base-8) integer literal representation.

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rabexa4689
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36 views

Week2-L2-Variables and Data Types

The output would be: c=19 d=36 e=15 When we prefix a numerical value with 0, Java treats it as an octal (base-8) integer literal representation.

Uploaded by

rabexa4689
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

By

Dr. Yasser Abdelhamid


 Variables
 Data types
 http://www.w3schools.com/
A variable is a container which holds the
value while the Java program is executed.
 It has name, data type, and value.

int data=10;
 Names can contain letters, digits,
underscores, and dollar signs
 Names must begin with a letter
 Names can also begin with $ and _
 Names cannot contain whitespace
 Names are case sensitive ("myVar" and
"myvar" are different variables)
 Reserved words (like Java keywords, such as
int or boolean) cannot be used as names
 Variable names are preferred to be self-
declarative (has a meaning for the reader).
 It is a tradition to use Camel Case for naming
variables with multiple words.
Variable name / Comments

X  Not self declarative

4Times  Starts with a number

A$$$  Not self declarative

myAddress 
_test 
$1  Not self declarative

myNewDevice 
First One  White space included

Last1 
 A variable can hold a specific type of data.
 There are different types of data, the
following are the commonly used data types
in java.
 String - stores text, such as "Hello". String values
are surrounded by double quotes
 int - stores integers (whole numbers), without
decimals, such as 123 or -123
 float - stores floating point numbers, with
decimals, such as 19.99 or -19.99
 double- stores floating point numbers, with
decimals, using a double precision.
 char - stores single characters, such as 'a' or 'B'.
Char values are surrounded by single quotes
 boolean - stores values with two states: true or
false
 Primitive data types - includes
 byte,
 short,
 int,
 long,
 float,
 double,
 boolean and
 char
 Non-primitive
data types - such as String,
Arrays and Classes
 Syntax
 <data type> <variableName> ;
 Example:
 int myAge;
 double employeeSalary;
 String employeeName;
 boolean married;
 int x,y,z;
 Syntax:
 <data type> <variableName> = <value> ;
 Example:
 int myAge = 34;
 double employeeSalary = 2336.50;
 String employeeName = “Mohamed”;
 boolean married = true;
 char bloodType = ‘A’;
 int x=9,y=6;
 x = y = 77;
A primitive data type specifies the size
and type of variable values, and it has no
additional methods.
Data Type Size Description

byte 1 byte Stores whole numbers from -128 to 127

short 2 bytes Stores whole numbers from -32,768 to 32,767

int 4 bytes Stores whole numbers from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

long 8 bytes Stores whole numbers from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to


9,223,372,036,854,775,807

float 4 bytes Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 6 to 7 decimal


digits

double 8 bytes Stores fractional numbers. Sufficient for storing 15 decimal


digits

boolean 1 bit Stores true or false values

char 2 bytes Stores a single character/letter or ASCII values


 Primitive types are predefined (already
defined) in Java. Non-primitive types are
created by the programmer and is not
defined by Java (except for String).
 Non-primitive types can be used to call
methods to perform certain operations,
while primitive types cannot.
 A primitive type has always a value, while
non-primitive types can be null.
 A primitive type starts with a lowercase
letter, while non-primitive types starts
with an uppercase letter.
 Widening Casting (automatically) -
converting a smaller type to a larger type
size
 byte -> short -> char -> int -> long -> float -> double

public class MyClass {


public static void main(String[] args) {
int myInt = 9;
double myDouble = myInt;
// Automatic casting: int to double

System.out.println(myInt); // Outputs 9
System.out.println(myDouble); // Outputs 9.0
}
}
 Narrowing Casting (manually) - converting
a larger type to a smaller size type
 double -> float -> long -> int -> char -> short -> byte

public class MyClass{


public static void main(String[] args) {
double myDouble = 9.78d;
int myInt = (int) myDouble;
// Manual casting: double to int

System.out.println(myDouble); // Outputs 9.78


System.out.println(myInt); // Outputs 9
}
}
 What is the output?

public class FundamentalEx10 {


public static void main(String args[])
{
int i=260;
byte b=(byte) i;
System.out.println("b="+b);
}
}
 Here we are trying to type cast a larger
variable(int) into a smaller variable(byte).
So, in this case, java calculates modulo of
larger variable by the range of smaller
variable.
 Our byte range is -128 to 127.
 The range is 128+127+1 (for the 0 )
 So final result would be 260 % 256 i.e. 4
 When we prefix numerical values with 0x
or 0X, Java treats them as a hexadecimal
integer literal representation
 What is the output?

public class FundamentalEx3 {


public static void main(String args[])
{
int c=0x12;
int d=0x1E;
int e=0X1F;
System.out.println("c="+c);//18
System.out.println("d="+d);//30
System.out.println("e="+e);//31
}
}
 When we prefix numerical values with 0b
or 0B, Java treats them as a binary integer
literal representation
 What is the output?

public class FundamentalEx3 {


public static void main(String args[])
{
int c=0b101;
int d=0B110;
int e=0b1111;
System.out.println("c="+c);//5
System.out.println("d="+d);//6
System.out.println("e="+e);//15
}
}
 When we prefix numerical values with 0
(zero), Java treats them as a octal integer
literal representation
 What is the output?

public class FundamentalEx3 {


public static void main(String args[])
{
int c=023;
int d=044;
int e=017;
System.out.println("c="+c);//19
System.out.println("d="+d);//36
System.out.println("e="+e);//15
}
}

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