University of Central Punjab

ADP-Programs
Assignment 1 (Evening)

Program ADP CS Semester Fall-2023

Instructions for Students:
1. All the questions
Web are compulsory.
Application and
Course
2. Title
Each student development Course
shall be required to write hisCode
/her NameCASE2143
and Registration Number
on each page of the answer sheet and sign those answer sheets before
Course Instructor Prof M. Sultan Malik Section ADP-CS 22 b4
submission of the paper, students Name and Registration would be considered
as a signature.
Time Allowed Total Marks 15
3. The use of notes, handouts, books or any other helping material is strictly
prohibited during the exam.
Date 14-11-2023 Time Slot 2:30 pm – 3:30 pm

Student Name Syed Abdul Rehman Registration No. L1F21ASCS0113

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 Q1: Write the purpose of layered Approach in Server.

A layered approach in server architecture refers to the organization of server functionalities into distinct and
modular layers, each responsible for specific tasks and services. This design methodology is commonly
employed to enhance system efficiency, scalability, and maintainability.
The purpose of a layered approach in server architecture includes:
Modularity: Breaking down the server functionality into layers allows for a modular design. Each layer
performs a specific set of tasks, making it easier to understand, develop, and maintain individual
components. This modularity facilitates code reuse and promotes a more organized development process.
Abstraction: Layers provide a level of abstraction, allowing each layer to interact with the layers above and
below it through well-defined interfaces. This abstraction shields the underlying complexities, making it
easier for developers to work on specific components without needing an in-depth understanding of the
entire system.
Scalability: With a layered architecture, it becomes more straightforward to scale specific components or
layers independently. For example, if there is a need to handle more user requests, it might be possible to
scale the application layer without affecting the database layer. This flexibility is crucial for adapting to
changing workloads and improving overall system performance.
Interoperability: Layers communicate through standardized interfaces, enabling interoperability between
different components or even systems. This allows for easier integration of new technologies, upgrades, or
replacement of specific layers without affecting the entire system.
Ease of Maintenance: When issues arise or updates are needed, having a layered structure makes it easier to
identify and isolate problems. Maintenance becomes more manageable since changes can be localized to
specific layers without impacting the entire system. This reduces the risk of unintended side effects.
Security: A layered approach can enhance security by implementing access controls and security measures
at different layers. For example, sensitive data handling and authentication processes can be concentrated in
specific layers, making it easier to implement and monitor security measures effectively.
Development Parallelization: Different teams can work on different layers concurrently, promoting parallel
development. This can accelerate the overall development process, as teams can focus on their assigned
layers without interfering with others.
Adaptability: As technology evolves, a layered architecture allows for the replacement or upgrade of
specific layers without affecting the entire system. This adaptability is crucial for keeping the server
infrastructure up-to-date and aligned with changing business requirements.
B) What kind of Server and Protocols should be use?
The choice of server and protocols depends on the specific requirements of the system, the nature of the
applications it supports, and considerations such as performance, security, and scalability. Here are some common
types of servers and protocols used in different scenarios When selecting servers and protocols, it's crucial to
consider factors such as performance requirements, scalability, security features, compatibility with existing
systems, and the specific needs of the applications running on the server. Additionally, the choice of protocols
should take into account security considerations, with a preference for encrypted protocols (e.g., HTTPS instead
of HTTP, SFTP instead of FTP).
Q2: Briefly Describe the DOM and Angular JS and DOM methods
The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface for web documents. It represents the structure of
a document as a tree of objects, where each object corresponds to a part of the document, such as elements,
attributes, and text. The DOM provides a way for programs to dynamically update the content, structure, and style
of web documents. In the context of web development, the DOM is typically associated with HTML and XML
documents.

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Key points about the DOM:

Tree Structure: The DOM represents an HTML or XML document as a hierarchical tree structure. Each node in
the tree corresponds to an element, attribute, or piece of text in the document.
Dynamic Interaction: Through the DOM, JavaScript or other scripting languages can interact with the
document, allowing developers to manipulate and modify the content, structure, and style of a web page
dynamically.
Platform-Independent: The DOM is platform-independent and provides a standardized way for scripts to access
and manipulate documents, making it a crucial part of cross-browser web development.
Event Handling: The DOM allows scripts to respond to events such as user interactions (clicks, keyboard input)
or changes in the document structure, enabling the creation of interactive and responsive web applications.
AngularJS:
AngularJS is a JavaScript-based open-source front-end web application framework developed and
maintained by Google. It simplifies the development and testing of dynamic single-page web applications by
providing a structured framework for organizing code and handling common tasks. AngularJS extends HTML
by adding custom attributes and directives, and it uses two-way data binding to keep the model and view in sync
automatically.
Key features of AngularJS:
Two-Way Data Binding: AngularJS enables automatic synchronization of data between the model (JavaScript
variables) and the view (HTML elements). Changes in the model are reflected in the view, and vice versa,
without the need for explicit DOM manipulation.
Modularity: AngularJS promotes a modular architecture through the use of modules, controllers, services, and
directives. This modular structure enhances code organization and maintainability.
Dependency Injection: AngularJS has a built-in dependency injection system, making it easier to manage
dependencies and promote modular and testable code.
Directives: Directives are a powerful feature of AngularJS that allows developers to extend HTML with custom
behavior. They are markers on a DOM element that tell AngularJS to attach a specified behavior to that element.
Services: AngularJS provides built-in services that can be injected into controllers and other components, such as
HTTP for handling AJAX requests, and $rootScope for interacting with the global scope.
Testing Support: AngularJS includes testing support through tools like Jasmine and Karma, making it easier to
write unit tests for Angular applications.
DOM Methods:
DOM methods are functions provided by the Document Object Model to interact with the
elements and structure of a web document. Some common DOM methods include:
getElementById(): Retrieves an element by its unique identifier.
getElementsByClassName(): Returns a collection of elements with a specific class name.
getElementsByTagName(): Retrieves a collection of elements with a specific tag name.
createElement(): Creates a new HTML element.
appendChild(): Appends a child node to an element.
removeChild(): Removes a child node from an element.
setAttribute(): Sets the value of an attribute on the specified element.

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addEventListener(): Attaches an event listener to an element.
These methods, along with others, provide the means to dynamically manipulate and interact
with the content and structure of a web page using JavaScript or other scripting languages. When combined with
frameworks like AngularJS, developers can build more structured and efficient web applications.
Q3: Define the following protocols:
HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, NFS, FMTP, DHCP, SNMP , TELNET, POP3, IRC, NNTP, UDB, TCP, TFTP,
DLS, and SECURE SOCKETS LAYER.
These are various protocols used in computer networking for different purposes. Here's a brief description of
each:
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used for transmitting and receiving information on the World Wide
Web. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and how web browsers should respond to
various commands.
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure): An extension of HTTP with added security using SSL/TLS
encryption. It is commonly used for secure communication over a computer network, especially the internet.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): A standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another
over a TCP-based network, such as the internet.
NFS (Network File System): A distributed file system protocol allowing a user on a client computer to
access files over a network in a manner similar to how local storage is accessed.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): A protocol used for sending email messages between servers.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Used to automatically assign IP addresses and provide
network configuration information to devices on a network.
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol): Used for managing and monitoring network devices,
such as routers, switches, and servers.
Telnet: A protocol used to establish a remote connection to a computer or server over a network.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3): A protocol used for retrieving email from a mail server.
IRC (Internet Relay Chat): A protocol for real-time text messaging over the internet.
NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol): A protocol used to distribute, transfer, and retrieve news
articles and messages.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol): A connectionless protocol that provides simple communication with
reduced overhead, often used for tasks where speed is crucial.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): A connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable and ordered
delivery of data between devices on a network.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol): A simplified version of FTP, often used for transferring small files
with minimal security.
DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves domain names to IP addresses, facilitating human-readable web
addresses.
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer): An earlier encryption protocol providing secure communication over a
computer network, primarily used with HTTPS. It has been succeeded by TLS (Transport Layer Security).
These protocols play vital roles in enabling communication and data exchange across networks and the
internet. Understanding their functions is crucial for network administrators, developers, and anyone
involved in managing or developing networked systems.

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Briefly Describe the DOM and Angular JS and DOM methods
The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface for web documents. It represents the structure of
a document as a tree of objects, where each object corresponds to a part of the document, such as elements,
attributes, and text. The DOM provides a way for programs to dynamically update the content, structure, and style
of web documents. In the context of web development, the DOM is typically associated with HTML and XML
documents.

Key points about the DOM:

Tree Structure: The DOM represents an HTML or XML document as a hierarchical tree structure. Each node in
the tree corresponds to an element, attribute, or piece of text in the document.
Dynamic Interaction: Through the DOM, JavaScript or other scripting languages can interact with the
document, allowing developers to manipulate and modify the content, structure, and style of a web page
dynamically.
Platform-Independent: The DOM is platform-independent and provides a standardized way for scripts to access
and manipulate documents, making it a crucial part of cross-browser web development.
Event Handling: The DOM allows scripts to respond to events such as user interactions (clicks, keyboard input)
or changes in the document structure, enabling the creation of interactive and responsive web applications.
AngularJS:
AngularJS is a JavaScript-based open-source front-end web application framework developed and
maintained by Google. It simplifies the development and testing of dynamic single-page web applications by
providing a structured framework for organizing code and handling common tasks. AngularJS extends HTML
by adding custom attributes and directives, and it uses two-way data binding to keep the model and view in sync
automatically.
Key features of AngularJS:
Two-Way Data Binding: AngularJS enables automatic synchronization of data between the model (JavaScript
variables) and the view (HTML elements). Changes in the model are reflected in the view, and vice versa,
without the need for explicit DOM manipulation.
Modularity: AngularJS promotes a modular architecture through the use of modules, controllers, services, and
directives. This modular structure enhances code organization and maintainability.
Dependency Injection: AngularJS has a built-in dependency injection system, making it easier to manage
dependencies and promote modular and testable code.
Directives: Directives are a powerful feature of AngularJS that allows developers to extend HTML with custom
behavior. They are markers on a DOM element that tell AngularJS to attach a specified behavior to that element.
Services: AngularJS provides built-in services that can be injected into controllers and other components, such as
HTTP for handling AJAX requests, and $rootScope for interacting with the global scope.
Testing Support: AngularJS includes testing support through tools like Jasmine and Karma, making it easier to
write unit tests for Angular applications.
DOM Methods:
DOM methods are functions provided by the Document Object Model to interact with the
elements and structure of a web document. Some common DOM methods include:
getElementById(): Retrieves an element by its unique identifier.

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getElementsByClassName(): Returns a collection of elements with a specific class name.
getElementsByTagName(): Retrieves a collection of elements with a specific tag name.
createElement(): Creates a new HTML element.
appendChild(): Appends a child node to an element.
removeChild(): Removes a child node from an element.
setAttribute(): Sets the value of an attribute on the specified element.
addEventListener(): Attaches an event listener to an element.
These methods, along with others, provide the means to dynamically manipulate and interact
with the content and structure of a web page using JavaScript or other scripting languages. When combined with
frameworks like AngularJS, developers can build more structured and efficient web applications.

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