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Ai Mod 1 Pat2

The document discusses three main topics: 1) Problems of AI including limited perception, intelligence on a spectrum from insects to humans, and studying aspects of intelligence like perception, reasoning, and learning. 2) Applications of AI such as machine vision, natural language processing, robotics, expert systems, and game playing. 3) AI techniques which use organized knowledge that can be understood, modified, and used even if incomplete to help solve problems.

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16 views3 pages

Ai Mod 1 Pat2

The document discusses three main topics: 1) Problems of AI including limited perception, intelligence on a spectrum from insects to humans, and studying aspects of intelligence like perception, reasoning, and learning. 2) Applications of AI such as machine vision, natural language processing, robotics, expert systems, and game playing. 3) AI techniques which use organized knowledge that can be understood, modified, and used even if incomplete to help solve problems.

Uploaded by

www.athilkumar30855
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problems of AI:

Intelligence does not imply perfect understanding; every intelligent being has
limited perception, memory and computation.
Many points on the spectrum of intelligence versus cost are viable, from insects to
humans.
AI seeks to understand the computations required from intelligent behaviour and to
produce computer systems that exhibit intelligence.
• Aspects of intelligence studied by AI include perception, communicational
using human languages, reasoning, planning, learning and memory.
Intelligence does not imply perfect understanding; every intelligent being
has limited perception, memory and computation.

• Many points on the spectrum of intelligence versus cost are viable, from
insects to humans.
• AI seeks to understand the computations required from intelligent behaviour
and to produce computer systems that exhibit intelligence.
• Aspects of intelligence studied by AI include perception, communicational
using human languages, reasoning, planning, learning and memory.

Applications of AI
AI has applications in all fields of human study, such as finance and economics, environmental
engineering, chemistry, computer science, and so on. Some of the applications of AI are listed
below:
Perception
■ Machine vision
■ Speech understanding
■ Touch ( tactile or haptic) sensation
Robotics
Natural Language Processing
■ Natural Language Understanding
■ Speech Understanding
■ Language Generation
■ Machine Translation
Planning
Expert Systems
Machine Learning
Theorem Proving
Symbolic Mathematics
Game Playing

AI Technique:
Artificial Intelligence research during the last three decades has concluded that Intelligence
requires knowledge. To compensate overwhelming quality, knowledge possesses less desirable
properties.
A. It is huge.
B. It is difficult to characterize correctly.
C. It is constantly varying.
D. It differs from data by being organized in a way that corresponds to its application.
E. It is complicated.

An AI technique is a method that exploits knowledge that is represented so that:


The knowledge captures generalizations that share properties, are grouped
together, rather than being allowed separate representation.
It can be understood by people who must provide it—even though for many
programs bulk of the data comes automatically from readings.
In many AI domains, how the people understand the same people must supply the
knowledge to a program.
It can be easily modified to correct errors and reflect changes in real conditions.
It can be widely used even if it is incomplete or inaccurate.
It can be used to help overcome its own sheer bulk by helping to narrow the range
of possibilities that must be usually considered.

LEVEL OF THE AI MODEL

‘What is our goal in trying to produce programs that do the intelligent things that
people do?’

Are we trying to produce programs that do the tasks the same way that people do?

OR

Are we trying to produce programs that simply do the tasks the easiest way that is
possible?

• Programs in the first class attempt to solve problems that a computer can
easily solve and do not usually use AI techniques.

• AI techniques usually include a search, as no direct method is available, the


use of knowledge about the objects involved in the problem area and
abstraction on which allows an element of pruning to occur, and to enable a
solution to be found in real time;
The second class of problems attempts to solve problems that are non-trivial
for a computer and use AI techniques. We wish to model human performance
on these:

1. To test psychological theories of human performance. Ex. PARRY [Colby,


1975] – a program to simulate the conversational behavior of a paranoid
person.

2. To enable computers to understand human reasoning – for example,


programs that answer questions based upon newspaper articles indicating
human behavior.

3. To enable people to understand computer reasoning. Some people are


reluctant to accept computer results unless they understand the mechanisms
involved in arriving at the results.

4. To exploit the knowledge gained by people who are best at gathering


information. This persuaded the earlier workers to simulate human behavior
in the SB part of AISB simulated behavior. Examples of this type of
approach led to GPS (General Problem Solver)

Criteria for success

How will we know if we have succeeded?

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