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Lecture 3 - HCI

The document discusses various methods for collecting data in interaction design. It describes setting goals, identifying participants through sampling methods like random, stratified, convenience, and volunteer sampling. It also discusses the relationship between data collectors and providers, as well as conducting pilot studies. Common data collection techniques include interviews, questionnaires, observations, and triangulation to validate findings from multiple sources.

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43 views

Lecture 3 - HCI

The document discusses various methods for collecting data in interaction design. It describes setting goals, identifying participants through sampling methods like random, stratified, convenience, and volunteer sampling. It also discusses the relationship between data collectors and providers, as well as conducting pilot studies. Common data collection techniques include interviews, questionnaires, observations, and triangulation to validate findings from multiple sources.

Uploaded by

mohamedem2m
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 3:

Interaction Design
The Process of Interaction Design
Data Gathering

 The overall purpose of data gathering in the requirements activity is


to collect sufficient, relevant, and appropriate data so that a set of
stable requirements can be produced.

 Even if a set of initial requirements exists, data gathering will be


required to expand, clarify, and confirm those initial requirements.
Data Gathering
Five key issues of data gathering

 Setting Goals

 Identifying participants

 Data collector/provider relationship

 Triangulation

 Pilot studies
Data Gathering

1- Setting Goals
Decide how to analyze
data once collected
Data Gathering
2 - Identifying participants (Decide who to gather data from)

 All
 Sampling

 Probability: Here we can apply statistical tests and generalize, but we must have
sufficient number

 Random
 Stratified

 Non-probability

 Convenience sampling
 Volunteer panels
Stratified

is a method of
sampling from a
population which can
be partitioned into
subpopulations.
Convenience sampling
 Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling method where data is
collected from an easily accessible and available group of people.

 The individuals in the sample are selected not because they are most
representative of the entire population, but because they are most easily accessible
to the researcher
Volunteer Sampling

individuals who are interested in the research project or have some personal connection
to the topic of study are more likely to participate than those who are not
Data Gathering
3 - Data collector/provider
relationship

Forms
Collection Data
Data Gathering
 Pilot studies

 Is a small trial run of the main study. The aim is to make sure that the proposed method
is viable before embarking on the real study.

 It is important to note that anyone involved in a pilot study cannot be involved in the
main study.

 A pilot study can be defined as a 'small study to test research protocols, data collection
instruments, sample recruitment strategies, and other research techniques in
preparation for a larger study.
Interview

1. An unstructured interview or non-directive interview is an


interview in which questions are not prearranged.

2. A structured interview is a systematic approach to


interviewing where you ask the same predetermined
questions to all candidates in the same order and you rate
them with a standardized scoring system

3. Focus group interviews are interviews you conduct with a


group of participants to collect a variety of information
Questionnaires

 They are similar to interviews but can be distributed to a


larger number of participants so more data can be
collected

 Two main issues:

 Reach a representative sample of participants

 Ensuring a reasonable response rate


Designing a questionnaire
Instructions
 Provide clear instructions on how to complete the questionnaire (multiple answers allowed or not)
 If the questionnaire is long, the questions may be subdivided to categories

Background Check

 Start by asking for basic demographic information (gender, age, place of birth)
 Details of relevant experience (the time or number of years spent using computers, or the level
of expertise within the domain under study, etc.).

Specific Questions

 Think about the ordering of questions, and the possible answers and flow
 Consider whether you need different versions according to audience
Designing the response format
Observations
 Observation is way of gathering data by watching behavior, events, or noting physical

characteristics in their natural setting

 Types

 Direct Observation

 Indirect Observation
Techniques

•Passive Observer (direct in the field observation)


•Active Observer (direct controlled environment observation)
•Think Aloud (direct observation) Diaries
•Diaries (indirect observation)
•Interaction Logs (indirect observation)
•Web Analytics (indirect observation
Question

Which method would be appropriate for collecting data for each of the cases
below? Give a reason for your choice.

1.How many learners at your school know about tuberculosis (TB) and what
their perceptions are.
2.Whether bank clients feel that they are treated professionally or not by the
bank staff.
3.The symptoms of hospital patients with cancer.
4.The average age of all learners in Grade 10.
Question Answer
1.Anonymous questionnaires would be useful so that learners don't have to worry
about answering incorrectly. Interviews by a skilled interviewer could be useful so
that the interviewer could find out more about what the learners know and believe
about TB.
2.A questionnaire that clients fill in while visiting a bank would be a convenient way
to collect this information.
3.Observation (in the form of a medical examination) would be the best method.
4.This information could be most easily obtained from a database, e.g. from the
school's register of learners, which should have all the learners' dates of birth
Exercise

What is the most suitable type of interview for the following situations?

•New design for cell phone


•New e-reader hand-held device
•Redesign of a website layout
•Survey on comparing social media websites
•Study the impact of technology on family life
Triangulation

Research triangulation is the process of examining a research topic or


phenomenon from several angles, data sources, or methods.
Types of Triangulation in Research

Data Triangulation

This type of triangulation uses a variety of sources or data types to obtain


insight into a research topic. To support and validate their findings,
researchers collect data using a variety of methods, including interviews,
surveys, observations, and pre-existing records.
Types of Triangulation in Research
Investigator Triangulation

 A research project including multiple researchers or investigators is known as


investigator triangulation.
 The research process gets more rigorous when multiple researchers are
involved as they may test each other’s assumptions and interpretations,
which ultimately produces results that are more reliable.
Types of Triangulation in Research

Methodological Triangulation

 Utilizing different methods or approaches to investigate a research question is


known as methodological triangulation.
 To explore the same phenomenon from multiple perspectives, researchers
use a variety of methodologies
Types of Triangulation in Research

Theoretical Triangulation

 Researchers may use a range of theories to assess their data and compare
their findings drawn from different perspectives.
 This method aids in the discovery of multiple facets or explanations for the
phenomenon being investigated, enriching and deepening the analysis.

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