DATE: ______________ DAY: ____________________ CHAPTER 4: REACTIVITY OF METALS

SCIENCE FORM 3
2020
(NOTES, PBD, EXERCISE)
NAME:
CLASS:
CONTENT CONTENT DATE TEACHER’
STANDARD S SIGN
4.1 Variety of minerals
4
4.2 Reactivity series of metals
REACTIVITY OF 4.3 Extraction of metals from their
METALS ores

TEACHER: PN. NOOR SHALIZA BINTI MOHD SHAHAR

CHAPTER : 4 REACTIVITY OF METALS

NOTES

4.1 VARIETY OF MINERALS

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 This photograph shows various types of __________________ found in Earth’s crust.

 Each type of ore is different in terms of ______________, ___________________,

________________and ______________________ because the ores contain
_______________________________________________.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MINERALS IN EARTH’S CRUST

1. Minerals are __________________________ or ____________________ present naturally with definite

__________________________ structures and __________________________ compositions.
2. Various minerals are contained in _______________________ found in
_____________________________
3. Minerals that can be found in Earth’s crust are made up of the following: (label the diagram below)

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4. Complete the table that show the common and systematic names of natural compounds and the
combination of their elements

Common name Systematic name Combination of elements

Hematite

Cassiterite

Quartz

Bauxite (aluminium ore)

Galena (lead ore)

Pyrite

Calcite

NATURAL COMPOUNDS ARE THE COMBINATION OF SEVERAL ELEMENTS

1. Calcium carbonate is a natural compound made up of a combination of ___________________,

___________________ and ____________________________

2. _______________________ is a natural compound that exists in various forms, colours and textures such
as
calcite, limestone, marble, chalk, coral reefs and shells of marine animals. Label the diagram below.

3. ____________________ is a mineral that has many uses in daily life such as in the construction of roads
and buildings, and for table tops.
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4. Some activities are conducted to show that a natural compound is a combination of several elements.
Marble (calcium carbonate) is used for these activities.
Record the observations and give your reasons

ctivities Observation
(a)
The limewater turns __________________

Reason:
__________________ gas is released when calcium
carbonate reacts with an acid.


Add
some dilute hydrochloric acid to a few
marble chips in a test tube.
 Pass the gas produced through
limewater and record the observation

(b)
The limewater turns __________________

 Heat Reason:
__________________ gas is released when calcium
carbonate is heated.

strongly a few marble chips in a test

tube.
 Pass the gas produced through
limewater and record the observation.

(c) Complete the word equation for each reaction in activity (a) and (b)
(i) Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid

heated
(ii) Calcium carbonate

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(d) Name three elements that are combined in calcium carbonate.
____________________________________________________________________________
__________

pbd
CONTENT STANDARD: 4.1 VARIETY OF MINERALS

1. Classify the minerals given into elements and compounds. Then, give the meaning of minerals.

PL1

Mercury Bauxite Platinum Calcite Silver Haematite Gold Galena Diamond Cassiterite

Elements Compound

Meaning

Minerals are solid _____________________ or _________________________ that are naturally

found with certain crystalline structures and chemical composition in the Earth’s crust.

2. Based on the given guides, state the elements in natural compounds. PL2

Natural compounds Minerals Chemical names Elements

(a) Oxides Bauxite Aluminium oxide
Metal + oxygen

Cassiterite Tin oxide

Haematite Iron oxide

(b) Carbonates Magnesite Magnesium carbonate

Metal + carbon +
oxygen
Limestone/ Calcium carbonate
Marble/Calcit
e
Malachite Copper carbonate

(c) Sulphides Galena Lead sulphide

Metal + sulphur

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Iron pyrite Iron sulphide

(d) Silicate Clay Aluminium silicate

Metal + silicon +
oxygen

3. Tick ( ✓ ) the elements combined in calcium carbonate. PL1

Calcium Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

4. Complete the word equations to show how calcium carbonate reacts with acids and the action of heat on
it. PL2
(i) Calcium hydrochloric
carbonate + acid _____________________ + __________________________ +
_________
heat
(ii) Calcium carbonate ____________________ + ______________________

5. Tick ( ✓ ) the various forms of calcium carbonate. PL2

6. Predict the gas released when an acid is added to an eggshell. Give a reason. PL3/KBAT

Gas: ____________________________________________
Reason : An eggshell contains ___________________________________

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NOTES

4.2 REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS

1. Compare and contrast the reactions of metals with oxygen in the air shown in table below.

Reaction Observation

In a between a _______________________ reaction

between a __________________metal such as
magnesium and oxygen, a
___________________________ is observed as
shown in diagram 1

Diagram 1

In a _______________________________ reaction
between a ____________________ metal such as iron
and oxygen, only a __________________ or slow
change in colour is observed as shown in diagram 2

Diagram 2

CONSTRUCTING REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS

1. Different ____________________ have different ________________________ towards oxygen.

2. Metals that are ___________________________ towards oxygen react
_________________________________ with oxygen.
3. _____________________________________ of metals is a list of metals arranged in order of their
reactivity towards oxygen.
4. Draw the reactivity series of metals towards oxygen (refer figure 4.3 pg 129)

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pbd
CONTENT STANDARD: 4.2 REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS

1. Answer the questions based on the experiment that is conducted to study the reaction of metals with
oxygen

Procedure:
 Set up the apparatus as shown in the above diagram.
 Heat strongly the metal powder in an asbestos bowl (asbestos paper folded into a bowl). Then, heat
strongly the potassium manganate(VII) crystals.
 Observe the changes that take place.
 Use a clamp to hold a 5 cm long piece of magnesium ribbon.
 Heat the magnesium ribbon by using a Bunsen burner and record your observation

Observation:
Type of metal Reactivity of reaction
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron

Analysis:
(a) What is the function of the potassium manganate(VII) crystals?
To supply ________________

(b)What is the material which prevents the potassium manganate(VII) crystals from mixing with the
metal powder?
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_________________________________________________________________________________
___________

(c) What is the substance produced in this activity? PL1

___________________________________________________________________________________________
__

PL2

(d) Complete the word equations for the reactions between metals and oxygen.

(i) Magnesium + oxygen ---------------------)

_________________________________________________
(ii) Aluminium + oxygen ---------------------)
________________________________________________
(ii) Zinc + oxygen -------------------------)
____________________________________________________
(e) Iron + oxygen --------------------------)
___________________________________________________

(e) State the relationship between the vigorous of the reaction and the reactivity of
PL2
metal to oxygen.

The more ____________________ the metal reacts with oxygen, the more _______________
the metal is to oxygen.

(f) Based on the observation, complete the flow map to show the metal arrangement according to increasing
reactivity with oxygen. PL2

2. Study the conversation below PL3/

KBAT
Azuan: Teacher, which is more reactive, the lead or iron?

Teacher: Iron is more reactive than lead. Azuan, based on the observations

recorded in this activity, predict the observation when lead powder

reacts with oxygen.

9
Azuan: .....................................................................................................
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What is Azuan’s answer?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________

POSITION OF CARBON IN THE REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS

1. The position of a ________________________ such as carbon and hydrogen in the reactivity series of
metals be determined according to the ______________________of carbon and hydrogen with oxygen.
2. Carbon can remove oxygen from the metal oxide if carbon is more reactive than the metal. (reaction
take place)
3. Carbon cannot remove oxygen from the metal oxide if carbon is less reactive than the metal.
(no reaction take place)

pbd
CONTENT STANDARD: 4.2 REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS

1. An experiment is conducted to determine the position of carbon in the reactivity series of metals

Procedure:

 Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram.

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 Put one spatula of charcoal and one spatula of zinc oxide powder into a crucible.
 Heat the mixture strongly.
 Record the observation on any sign of a glow.
 Repeat steps 1 to 4 by using aluminium oxide and lead(II) oxide powders

Observation:

The type of mixture Change to the Has a reaction taken Reason

mixture place

Carbon and zinc oxide Mixture glows Carbon is ___________

reactive than zinc

Carbon and aluminium No change Carbon is __________

oxide reactive than aluminium.

Carbon and lead(II) Mixture glows Carbon is __________

oxide reactive than lead.

Analysis: PL2

(a) From the results of the experiment, circle:

(i) The metal which is more reactive than carbon.
Aluminium Zinc Lead.
(ii) The metals which are less reactive than carbon.
Ba Aluminium Zinc Lead

(b) From your answers in 1, determine the position of carbon in the reactivity series of metals.
PL2

Carbon is positioned between _______________ and ____________ in the reactivity series

(c) Arrange carbon, lead, aluminium and zinc according to decreasing reactivity in the flow map provided.
PL2

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(d) Complete the word equations for the following reactions. PL2
(i) Lead(II) oxide + carbon _____________________________ +
__________________________
(ii) Zinc oxide + carbon _____________________________ +
__________________________

(e) Tick ( ✓ ) the metal oxides which react with carbon. Give one reason. PL2

Magnesium oxide Iron oxide Copper(II) oxide

Reason: _______________ and _____________ are _______________ reactive than carbon.

(f) Tick ( ✓ ) the metal oxide which does not react with carbon. Give one reason.
PL2
Magnesium oxide Iron oxide Copper(II) oxide

Reason: _______________ is _______________ reactive than carbon.

2. Complete the word equation. Then, underline the correct answers. PL2

(a) If carbon
can remove oxygen from copper (II) oxide, this means carbon is (less, more) reactive than copper
(b) Carbon is included in the reactivity series of metals because carbon (can, cannot) react with oxygen.

POSITION OF HYDROGEN IN THE REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS

1. The position of hydrogen in the reactivity series of metals can be determined by passing dry hydrogen
gas over hot metal oxides.
2. If hydrogen can displace oxygen from the oxide of a metal , then hydrogen is more reactive than the
metal (reaction take places)
3. If hydrogen cannot displace oxygen from the oxide of a metal , then hydrogen is less reactive than the
metal ( no reaction take places)

pbd
CONTENT STANDARD: 4.2 REACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS

1 (a) A teacher demonstrated an experiment to determine the position of hydrogen in the reactivity series of
metal. Based on the information given, complete the table below. Choose the correct answers.

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The type of mixture Change to Has a reaction Reason

the taken place
mixture
Hydrogen and copper(II) Bright glow Hydrogen is (less, more) reactive than
oxide copper
Hydrogen and lead(II) Bright Hydrogen is (less, more) reactive than
oxide glows lead..
Hydrogen and zinc oxide No change Hydrogen is (less, more) reactive than
zinc
Hydrogen and iron(III) Dim glow Hydrogen is (less, more) reactive than
oxide zinc

(b) From the results of the experiment, circle: PL2

(i) The metal which is more reactive than hydrogen.

Copper Zinc Lead Iron
(ii) The metals which are less reactive than hydrogen.
Copper Zinc Lead Iron

(c) Based on your answers in (a), deduce the position of hydrogen in the reactivity series of metals.
Hydrogen is positioned between ___________________ and ____ ________________ PL2
CONCLUSION ON THE POSITION OF CARBON AND HYDROGEN IN THE REACTIVITY SERIES
OF METALS
(refer figure 4.7 pg 135)

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NOTES
4.3 EXTRACTION OF METALS FROM THEIR ORES

EXTRACTION OF METALS
1. Extraction of metals is the process to
____________________________________________________________

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2. Complete diagram below that show the relationship between the position of carbon and hydrogen in
the reactivity series of metals and the method used to extract metals from their ores

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For metals __________

than carbon in the

Extraction through reactivity series of

_________________ of metals, the extraction of

metallic compounds in the metal from its

___________________ metallic compound is

_ through_____________
___________________

For metals
____________ than
Extraction through carbon in the reactivity
__________________ series of metals, the
of extraction of the metal
___________________ from its ore is through
___ by carbon. the_________________
of its _______________

Extraction of the metals is done through

_____________________________ of
the metallic compounds.

Exist in the form of

_____________________ in Earth’s
crust.

PROCESS OF IRON EXTRACTION

The extraction of iron from its ore is carried out in a ______________________ as shown diagram below

A mixture of concentrated _____________ or iron oxide,

___________ and _____________ is added into a blast
furnace through the top.

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1
Reactions that occur in the furnace at high
temperature.
1. Production of ________________
 __________ or carbon reacts with ___________
in the hot air to produce
_______________________

 Carbon dioxide that is produced reacts with the

rest of the ___________ to form
_________________________ which is a strong
____________________________

3
 Carbon monoxide and carbon reduces iron
oxides into ______________________________

__________________
__________ is
pumped into the
furnace through the
bottom 2
2. Production of ________________
 ______________ or calcium carbonate
___________________ to form
_______________________________________
___

 Calcium oxide reacts with

__________________ such as sand or
4
At high temperature:
1. Iron
 Iron that is produced will _________.
 The molten iron will flow to the ____________________ of the furnace.
 The molten iron that has _______________________ is known as _____________________

2. Slag
 Slag that is produced will _____________
 The molten slag will also flow to the _____________________ of the furnace and _____________ on top of
molten iron. (it less dense than molten iron)
 Can be used to make the ____________ of buildings and roads

MINING ISSUES IN MALAYSIA

Complete the bubble map that show the mining issues in Malaysia and their impact on life in the local or
global context
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pbd
CONTENT STANDARD:4.3 EXTRACTION OF METALS FROM THEIR ORES

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1. Discuss the extraction of metals from their ores PL2

Electric current Coke Molten More Heating Less

2. Study the diagram about the extraction of iron from its ore such as haematite and magnetite (iron(III)
oxide). PL1

(a) Name the elements that make up iron ore.

____________________________________________

(b) K is a type of carbon. Name K.

____________________________________________

(c) (i) Name L.

___________________________________________

(ii) State the function of L.

Reacts with ______________ such as sand to
form ________________________

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(d) What are gas M and substance N?
Gas M: ________________________________
Substance N: ______________________________

(e) Complete the word equation for the reaction between iron(III) oxide and carbon in the blast furnace
PL2

___________________________________________________________________________________________
____

(f) Explain why iron can be extracted from its ore by using carbon. PL2

Iron can be extracted from its ore by using carbon because carbon is _____________ reactive than
iron.

(g) State one other ore that can also be extracted by the same method PL1

______________________________________________________________________________________

3 You are given a few environmental issues. Identify and tick ( ✓ ) the mining issues and their impacts on living
things in the local or global context. PL2

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