Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with different numbers of each defining the 118 known elements. Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus at the center, while electrons exist in shells of increasing energy further from the nucleus. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in similar chemical but different physical properties.
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with different numbers of each defining the 118 known elements. Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus at the center, while electrons exist in shells of increasing energy further from the nucleus. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in similar chemical but different physical properties.
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with different numbers of each defining the 118 known elements. Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus at the center, while electrons exist in shells of increasing energy further from the nucleus. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in similar chemical but different physical properties.
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with different numbers of each defining the 118 known elements. Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus at the center, while electrons exist in shells of increasing energy further from the nucleus. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in similar chemical but different physical properties.
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Atomic Structure
Atoms are made up of electrons, protons and neutrons
Each type of atom has a different amount of electrons, protons and neutrons 118 elements Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus (centre of the atom) Electrons are found in orbitals / shells around the outside of nucleus Protons are positively charged (+1) Electrons are negatively charged (-1) Neutrons are neutral / have no charge (0) Equal number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons in atom to create an overall neutral charge Atomic number is number of protons Atomic mass is number of protons + number of neutrons No. of protons / electrons = atomic number No. of neutrons = atomic mass - atomic number
Electron Configuration Electrons exist in different energy levels or shells Every electron in the same shell has the same amount of energy The electron shell with the lowest energy level is closest to the nucleus. The further away from the nucleus, the greater the energy level it has The DIFFERENCE in energy levels of the shells decreases the further away the get from the nucleus The arrangement of electrons can be shown using the electron configuration e.g. 2, 8, 5 Electron subshells s, p, d, f (smart professors do fine) Aufbau Principle: electrons fill the lowest available energy level first, before filling higher energy levels Isotopes & Relative Atomic Mass Isotopes: Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons (same atomic number) but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei (different mass numbers) Same electron configuration Similar chemical properties o How an element participates in chemical reactions o When an atom reacts in a chemical reaction its behaviour is caused by the arrangement and number of electrons Different physical properties o Characteristics that can be observed or measured Different relative abundance on Earth
