CO Math10 Q2 Module6
CO Math10 Q2 Module6
Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Applying the Distance Formula
to Prove Some Geometric
Properties
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Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Applying the Distance Formula
to Prove Some Geometric
Properties
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module focuses generally in applying distance formula in proving
properties of some geometric figures.
What I Know
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. In the Cartesian plane, what is the distance of the point (2, -3) from the origin?
A) √5 B) √13 C) 5 D) 13
2. What is the distance between point A(3, 4) and point B (10, 4)?
A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7
3. Which of the following should be the value of x so that the distance between
the points (x, −2) and (12, −2) is 7?
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
4. Which of the following equation describes the distance formula?
A) 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 C)𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 − (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
B) 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 + 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 + 𝑦1 )2 D)𝑑 = √(𝑥2 + 𝑥1 )2 − (𝑦2 + 𝑦1 )2
5. What is the distance between two points with coordinates (4, 3) and (1,7)?
A) 25 B) 16 C) 5 D) 2
6. What is the distance between point A (4a, 4a) and point C (0, a)?
A) 3a B)5a C) 9a D)12a
7. Both points D and U are on the fourth quadrant. If the distance between point
D and U is 3 units and D is at (2,-1), which of the following are the coordinates
of point U?
A) (2,- 4) B) (1, -6) C) (4,-1) D) (2,-5)
15. To prove that triangle ABC is a scalene triangle which of the following should
be proven?
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐴
𝐴) 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐶
B) 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝐶
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐵𝐶
C) 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ≇ 𝐵𝐶
D) 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ ≇ 𝐴𝐶
̅̅̅̅
What’s In
In your previous lessons, you have learned how to plot points and name the
coordinates of the points on the Cartesian plane. Examine the situation below.
https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/classroom-cartoon.html
The picture above depicts a classroom with 9 seats arranged in 3 rows and 3
columns. During their Mathematics class, the teacher asked Juan and Juana to
describe their location.
• How would you describe your location? What mathematical concepts can
you use to describe your location?
• How far are you from each other? How will you determine your distance
from each other?
Using the illustration above, the location of Juan and Juana can be determined by
naming the point of their location in the Cartesian plane. Remember that the
coordinates of a point are always written as an ordered pair of the form (x, y). The
first number corresponds to the x −coordinate and the second is the y-coordinate.
Hence, Juan is at point (1, 1) and Juana is at point (3, 2).
Activity 1.
A) Write the coordinates of each given
point:
a) D _______
b) I _______
c) S _______ 𝟗
d) T _______ 𝟖 I
D 𝟕
𝟔
B) Plot the following points on the
𝟓
Cartesian plane: 𝟒
𝟑
e) A (8, 3) 𝟐
f) N (−6, 4) −𝟗 −𝟖−𝟕−𝟔−𝟓−𝟒−𝟑−𝟐−𝟏
𝟏
g) C (−5, −7) −𝟏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 𝟔 𝟕 𝟖 𝟗
h) E (4, −9) −𝟐
T
−𝟑
−𝟒
−𝟓
S −𝟔
−𝟕
−𝟖
−𝟗
Using the situation of Juan and Juana, find the distance between them if the
students in the class were seated 1 meter from each other.
The distance between two points in the coordinate plane is the length of the
segment that joins the two points. Hence, to find the distance between Juan and
Juana, draw a segment joining the points of their location. The figure below
demonstrates that the distance between Juan and Juana can be found by forming a
right triangle in which their distance is the hypotenuse, while the horizontal and the
vertical segments are the legs of the right triangle.
horizontal
distance (b)
We will apply the Pythagorean Theorem to solve for the distance between Juan
and Juana. Let c be their distance. The vertical distance and the horizontal distance
which are the legs of the triangle are 1 meter and 2 meters, respectively. Hence,
𝑐 2 = 12 + 22
𝑐2 = 1 + 4
𝑐2 = 5
𝑐 = √5 ≈ 2.24
Therefore, the distance between Juan and Juana is √5 or approximately 2.24
meters.
Let us derive the distance formula to find the distance between two points in
the coordinate plane. Consider the figure below, let d be the distance between point
𝑃1 and point 𝑃2 with coordinates (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ), respectively. It is also shown from
the figure that the horizontal distance, b, is 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 and the vertical distance, a, is
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 .
𝑑 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑑2 = (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2
𝑑 = √(𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2
𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
Solution:
A) Graph: B) Distance:
Let P1 (x1, y1) be equal to E (1, 1) and P2 (x2, y2) be
equal to R(2,4). Hence,
x1 = 1 and y1 = 1; and
x2 = 2 and y2 = 4
Example 2. Show that the figure formed when points L (-4, 4), O (3, 9), V (8, 2), E
(1,-3) are connected consecutively is a square, then find its perimeter.
Solution:
1. Plot the points L (-4, 4), O (3, 9), V (8, 2), E (1,-3) on the coordinate plane.
2. To show that the figure formed is a square, we need to show that all the
sides are equal in length and all angles are right angles.
C) Based from the computed slopes of each segment, we can conclude the
following:
i. The slopes of LO and OV are negative reciprocals of each other,
then angle O is a right angle.
ii. The slopes of OV and VE are negative reciprocals of each other,
then angle V is a right angle.
iii. The slopes of VE and EL are negative reciprocals of each other,
then angle E is a right angle.
iv. The slopes of EL and LO are negative reciprocals of each other,
then angle L is a right angle.
4. To solve for the perimeter, use the formula for the perimeter of square.
𝑃 = 4𝑠 = 4(√74) ≈ 34.409 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝑫(? , ? ) 𝑳(𝒂, ? )
Solution:
a) finding the coordinates of G:
Since G and O lie on the same horizontal line, it implies that they have the
same 𝑦 – coordinate. Thus, the coordinate of G is (−𝑎, 𝑏)
b) finding the coordinates of O:
Since O and L lie on the same vertical line, it implies that they have the
same 𝑥 – coordinate. Thus, the coordinate of O is (𝑎, 𝑏).
c) finding the coordinates of L:
Since L lies on the 𝑥-axis, it means that its 𝑦 – coordinate is 0. Thus, the
coordinate of L is (𝑎, 0).
d) finding the coordinates of D:
Since D lies on the 𝑥 – axis, it means that its 𝑦- coordinate is 0. D also lies
on the same vertical line with G which means that they have the same 𝑥 –
coordinate. Thus, the coordinates of D is(−𝑎, 0).
e) Therefore, the coordinates are 𝐺(−𝑎, 𝑏), 𝑂 (𝑎, 𝑏), 𝐿 (𝑎, 0) & 𝐷(−𝑎, 0).
Example 4. Prove that the two sides of an isosceles triangle are congruent.
̅̅̅̅̅, 𝐼𝐵
Given: ∆ABI with sides 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅,𝐼𝐴
̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
Prove: 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐼𝐵
Prov
To prove:
1. Place ∆ABI on the coordinate plane and label the
coordinate points as shown below:
AB = √a2 + b 2
3. Find the distance between I (a,0) and B (0,b). Substitute a and 0 to x2 and
x1, respectively, and 0 and b to y2 and y1, respectively.
IB = √a2 + b 2
Here are some suggestions to help you place figures for your proofs.
1. Use the origin of the coordinate plane as vertex or center of the figure.
2. Place at least one side of the figure on a coordinate axis, either the x or
y- axis.
3. Keep the figure within the first quadrant if possible.
4. Use coordinates that make computations as simple as possible.
What’s More
Activity 2:
The coordinates of points C and R are (2, 5) and (7, 2), respectively. Plot these
points on the coordinate plane and find their distance.
A) Show that the figure formed when the points F (-2, 6), U (-2, -3), N (7, 6) are
connected consecutively is an isosceles right triangle and find its area.
B) Supply the missing coordinates of the points of each figure below without
introducing new letters.
(0, r)
(g, 0)
3. EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE
C) Prove using coordinate plane that the diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are
congruent.
2) With the use of the coordinate plane, distance formula is very helpful in
proving properties of some geometric figures. However, the geometric figure
must be placed properly on the coordinate axes so that it will be easier to
prove. Here are some of the appropriate ways of placing geometric figures on
the coordinate plane.
What I Can Do
1) Lieutenant Santos orders an air strike in the battlefield targeting the enemy at a
coordinate (2, 5). If he is positioned at a coordinate (-14, -12), how far is he from
the target area? If the danger zone is within the 10 km radius from the strike
point, is Lt. Santos safe? (Let 1 unit = 1 km)
2) Chester and his father stood on their newly-bought rectangular lot whose length
and width are 60 and 40 meters, respectively. His father told him that the place
they are standing at is one of the four boundary points of their lot. He then told
Chester that they are going to put a marker on each of the four boundary points.
Help Chester to locate the coordinates of the 3 boundary points using the
Cartesian coordinate plane if the coordinates of their location is at (-30, 20). (Let
1 unit = 1 meter)
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. In the Cartesian plane, what is the distance of the point (-5, 6) from the origin?
A) 61 B) 11 C)√61 D) 11
2. What is the distance between point A(−3, 1) and point B (11, 1)?
A) 11 B) 12 C) 13 D) 14
3. Which of the following should be the value of y so that the distance between the
points (2, −2) and (2, y) is 7?
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
4. Which of the following describes the distance formula?
A) √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
B) √𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
C) √𝑎 + 𝑏
A) √𝑐 − 𝑒 C) √𝑐 2 − 𝑒 2
B) √𝑐 + 𝑒 D) √𝑐 2 + 𝑒 2
B)4√𝑎 + 𝑏
C) 4(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
D) 4√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
14. To prove that the diagonals of rectangle RICE are congruent which of the
following should be proven?
̅̅̅
̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐼𝐶
A) 𝑅𝐼 ̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐶𝐸
B)𝐼𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐸𝐶
C)𝑅𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐼𝐸
D)𝑅𝐶 ̅̅̅
15. To prove that triangle ABC is an equilateral triangle which of the following
should be proven?
A) 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐵𝐴 B)𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝐴𝐶 C)𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐵𝐶 D)𝐴𝐵 ≇ 𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝐴𝐶
𝑎 𝑥
Figure 1
Figure 2
Larson, R. Precalculus with Limits. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2006
Nivera, Gladys C., Ph.D. and Lapinid, Minie Rose C., Ph.D.Grade10 Mathematics-
Patterns and Practicalities., Makati City:DonBosco Press, 2015