Scribd
Upload
62 views2 pages

DE

The document shows that two equations, xp - yq = x and x^2p + q = xz, are compatible and finds their solution. It also shows that the equation z = px + qy is compatible with any homogeneous equation f(x, y, z, p, q) = 0.

Uploaded by

Iftekhar Al Mahmud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
62 views2 pages

DE

The document shows that two equations, xp - yq = x and x^2p + q = xz, are compatible and finds their solution. It also shows that the equation z = px + qy is compatible with any homogeneous equation f(x, y, z, p, q) = 0.

Uploaded by

Iftekhar Al Mahmud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Ex. 3.

Show that the equations xp − yq = x and x2 p + q = xz are compatible


and find their solution.
Sol. Let

f (x, y, z, p, q) = xp − yq − x = 0 (1)
2
g(x, y, z, p, q) = x p + q − xz = 0 (2)

∂(f, g) ∂f /∂x ∂f /∂p p−1 x


= = = (p − 1)x2 − x(2xp − z).
∂(x, p) ∂g/∂x ∂g/∂p 2xp − z x2
∂(f, g) ∂(f, g) ∂(f, g)
Similarly, = x2 , = −q, = −xy.
∂(z, p) ∂(y, q) ∂(z, q)
∂(f, g) ∂(f, g) ∂(f, g) ∂(f, g)
[f, g] = +p + +q = (p − 1)x2 − x(2xp − z) − px2 − q − xyq
∂(x, p) ∂(z, p) ∂(y, q) ∂(z, q)
= −x2 + zx − q − xyq = −x2 + x2 p − qxy, by (2)
= x(−x + xp − yq) = 0, by (1)

Hence (1) and (2) are compatible.


Solving (1) and (2) for p and q, p = (1 + yz)/(1 + xy) and q = x(z − x)/(1 + xy).
Using (3) in dz = pdx + qdy, dz = [(1 + yz)/(1 + xy)]dx + [x(z − x)/(1 + xy)]dy
or (1+xy)dz = (1+yz)dx+x(z−x)dy or (1+xy)dz−z(ydx+xdy) = dx−x2 dy
(dx/x2 )−dy
 
dx−x2 dy
or (1+xy)dz−zd(xy)
(1+xy)2
= (1+xy)2
= (y+1/x)2
or d z
1+xy
= −d(y+1/x)
(y+1/x)2
.
z 1 z x
Integrating it, 1+xy = (y+1/x) +c or 1+xy
= 1+xy
+ c or z − x = c(1 + xy), c
being an arbitrary constant.

1
Ex. 4. Show that the equation z = px + qy is compatible with any equation
f (x, y, z, p, q) = 0 which is homogeneous in x, y, z.
Sol. Given that differential equation
f (x, y, z, p, q) = 0 (1)

is homogeneous in x, y, z. Then, clearly f (x, y, z, p, q) will be a homogeneous func-


tion in variables x, y, z; say of degree n. Then, by Euler’s theorem on homogeneous
function, we have
x(∂f /∂x)+y(∂f /∂y)+z(∂f /∂z) = nf so that x(∂f /∂x)+z(∂f /∂z) = 0, by(1) (2)

We take
g(x, y, z, p, q) = px + qy − z = 0 (3)
Then, using (3), we have
∂(f, g) ∂f /∂x ∂f /∂p ∂f /∂x ∂f /∂p ∂f ∂f
= = =x −p ,
∂(x, p) ∂g/∂x ∂g/∂p p x ∂x ∂p
∂(f, g) ∂f /∂z ∂f /∂p ∂f /∂z ∂f /∂p ∂f ∂f
= = =x + ,
∂(z, p) ∂g/∂z ∂g/∂p −1 x ∂z ∂p
∂(f, g) ∂f /∂y ∂f /∂q ∂f /∂y ∂f /∂q ∂f ∂f
= = =y −q
∂(y, q) ∂g/∂y ∂g/∂q q y ∂y ∂q
∂(f, g) ∂f /∂z ∂f /∂q ∂f /∂z ∂f /∂q ∂f ∂f
= = =y +
∂(z, q) ∂g/∂z ∂g/∂q −1 y ∂z ∂q
∂(f, g) ∂(f, g) ∂(f, g) ∂(f, q)
[f, g] = +p + +q
∂(x, p) ∂(z, p) ∂(y, q) ∂(z, q)
   
∂f ∂f ∂f ∂f ∂f ∂f ∂f ∂f
=x −p +p x + +y −q +q y +
∂x ∂p ∂z ∂p ∂y ∂q ∂z ∂q
∂f ∂f ∂f ∂f ∂f ∂f
=x +y + (px + qy) =x +y + z , using (3)
∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x ∂y ∂z
= 0, using (2)

Hence, the differential equation z = px + qy is compatible with any differential


equation f (x, y, z, p, q) that is homogeneous in x, y, z.

You might also like