Cambridge International AS & A Level

FURTHER MATHEMATICS 9231/31

Paper 3 Further Mechanics 31 May/June 2023
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 50

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2023 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some
Cambridge O Level components.

This document consists of 15 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the
mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:
 the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
 the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
 the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:
 marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the
syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
 marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
 marks are not deducted for errors
 marks are not deducted for omissions
 answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the question as
indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited
according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in
mind.

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Mathematics Specific Marking Principles

1 Unless a particular method has been specified in the question, full marks may be awarded for any correct method. However, if a calculation is required
then no marks will be awarded for a scale drawing.

2 Unless specified in the question, answers may be given as fractions, decimals or in standard form. Ignore superfluous zeros, provided that the degree of
accuracy is not affected.

3 Allow alternative conventions for notation if used consistently throughout the paper, e.g. commas being used as decimal points.

4 Unless otherwise indicated, marks once gained cannot subsequently be lost, e.g. wrong working following a correct form of answer is ignored (isw).

5 Where a candidate has misread a number in the question and used that value consistently throughout, provided that number does not alter the difficulty or
the method required, award all marks earned and deduct just 1 mark for the misread.

6 Recovery within working is allowed, e.g. a notation error in the working where the following line of working makes the candidate’s intent clear.

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Mark Scheme Notes

The following notes are intended to aid interpretation of mark schemes in general, but individual mark schemes may include marks awarded for specific reasons
outside the scope of these notes.

Types of mark

M Method mark, awarded for a valid method applied to the problem. Method marks are not lost for numerical errors, algebraic slips or errors in units.
However, it is not usually sufficient for a candidate just to indicate an intention of using some method or just to quote a formula; the formula or idea
must be applied to the specific problem in hand, e.g. by substituting the relevant quantities into the formula. Correct application of a formula
without the formula being quoted obviously earns the M mark and in some cases an M mark can be implied from a correct answer.

A Accuracy mark, awarded for a correct answer or intermediate step correctly obtained. Accuracy marks cannot be given unless the associated method
mark is earned (or implied).

B Mark for a correct result or statement independent of method marks.

DM or DB When a part of a question has two or more ‘method’ steps, the M marks are generally independent unless the scheme specifically says otherwise;
and similarly, when there are several B marks allocated. The notation DM or DB is used to indicate that a particular M or B mark is dependent on
an earlier M or B (asterisked) mark in the scheme. When two or more steps are run together by the candidate, the earlier marks are implied and full
credit is given.

FT Implies that the A or B mark indicated is allowed for work correctly following on from previously incorrect results. Otherwise, A or B marks are
given for correct work only.

 A or B marks are given for correct work only (not for results obtained from incorrect working) unless follow through is allowed (see abbreviation FT above).
 For a numerical answer, allow the A or B mark if the answer is correct to 3 significant figures or would be correct to 3 significant figures if rounded (1
decimal place for angles in degrees).
 The total number of marks available for each question is shown at the bottom of the Marks column.
 Wrong or missing units in an answer should not result in loss of marks unless the guidance indicates otherwise.
 Square brackets [ ] around text or numbers show extra information not needed for the mark to be awarded.

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Abbreviations

AEF/OE Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable) / Or Equivalent

AG Answer Given on the question paper (so extra checking is needed to ensure that the detailed working leading to the result is valid)

CAO Correct Answer Only (emphasising that no ‘follow through’ from a previous error is allowed)

CWO Correct Working Only

ISW Ignore Subsequent Working

SOI Seen Or Implied

SC Special Case (detailing the mark to be given for a specific wrong solution, or a case where some standard marking practice is to be varied in the
light of a particular circumstance)

WWW Without Wrong Working

AWRT Answer Which Rounds To

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(a) 3mg B1 Correct EPE term seen

 2a 
2

2a

1 2  3  3mg M1 Dimensionally correct energy equation. Must have

mv  mg   3a  a    2a 2 one KE, one EPE term and at least one GPE.
2  4  2a
Allow sign errors.

15 A1 AEF
v ag  2.74 ag 
2  

1(b) 3mg M1 N2L and Hooke’s law

T  mg  mA and T   2a
a

Acceleration = 5g [upwards] A1 Allow 50 or 5g

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

2 Parallel to wall v cos  u cos  M1 Both

Perpendicular to wall v sin   eu sin 

1 A1 AEF
Dividing, e 
2 tan 

KE reduced by 20%, so
1
2  
mu 2 cos2   e2 sin 2   54  12 mu 2 M1 Dimensionally correct equation in u or v , but not
both. Must have either  or  , but not both.
Must see 54 on the correct side of the equation.

4 A1
Eliminate e: cos  
5

2 A1
e
3

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

2 Alternative method for question 2

Parallel to wall v cos   u cos  M1 Both

Perpendicular to wall v sin   eu sin 

 5 2 5 5v 2 5v A1
sin    , cos     u sin    , u cos   
 5 5  5e 5

4v 2 v 2 A1 v2  1
u 2  u 2 cos 2    u 2 sin 2      2 AEF, e.g. 4  2 
5 5e 5 e 

1 2 4 1 2 2
2 v  1 M1 Dimensionally correct equation in v .
mv    mu  m  4  2  Must have either  or  , but not both.
2 5 2 5 5  e 
4 2
Must see or on the correct side of the
5 5
equation.

2 A1
e
3

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(a) m 4ag M1 Allow cos instead of sin for M1. Do not award
At B, mg sin   until tension  0 used. Mass must be seen. No sign
5a
error.

4 A1
sin  
5

3(b) mu 2 B1
At A, T  mg cos 
a

1 2 1 4ag M1 A1 Energy equation with 4 terms, dimensionally

Energy mu  m   mga  cos   sin   correct. Mass must be present, allow sign errors.
2 2 5
1
Must see in the KE terms.
2

Solve to find T M1 Complete method leading to an expression in mg

for T .

21 A1 CWO
T mg
5

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

4(a) [Mass is proportional to volume] M1 A1

Distance of Distance of
Volume centre of mass centre of mass
from vertical axis from OC

2 3
  2a 
3
Hemisphere 2a   2a
3 8

1
Cylinder  a2d a d
2

2
  2a    a 2 d
3
Object x y
3

2 2  16 3 Moments equation, dimensionally correct, correct

   2a    a d  x   a  2a   a d  a
3 2

3  3 number of terms. Allow sign errors.

32a 2  3ad A1 AG. At least one line of intermediate working.

Simplify to x 
16a  3d

2 2  16 3  3  1 M1 Moments equation, dimensionally correct, correct

   2a   πa d  y  πa     2a   πa d  d
3 2
number of terms. Allow sign errors.
3  3  8  2

y 

3 d 2  8a 2  A1 AEF

2 16a  3d 

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

4(b) 2a  x B1
sin  
2a

1 32a 2  3ad M1 Remove fractions

2a   2a 
6 16a  3d
5
16a  3d    32a  3d 
3

8 A1
d a
3

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(a)  mg  mg  3  B1
Hooke’s law, T1   x  a or T2   x  a
a a 4 

mv 2 mv 2  mg M1  gx  x  a 
Also, T1 = and equate   x  a v2 
x x a a
Dimensionally correct terms.

 3x  1 
2 M1 3 gx  3 
 mg   a  2m  v  v2   x  a
 4  2  2a  4 
Similarly:
a 3 1 3x
x Must have v and on the RHS.
4 2 4
Their dimensionally correct T2 .

Equate expressions for v 2 and solve for x in terms of a . M1

x  4a A1 WWW

5 SC B3 for answer of 4a using  instead of  mg .

5(b) a 2a M1 FT their expression for x .

 v 2 or   v 2 and substitute x  4a , v  12ag
xg  x  a  3 
3xg  x  a 
4 

1 A1 CAO

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(a) dv M1
v  6v v  9 and attempt to separate variables and integrate
dx

2 v  9  6x  A A1

x  2, v  72 A  6 M1 Use initial condition to find constant.

v  9  x  1  9 A1 Correct, AEF.
2

6(b)  dx  11 1  M1 Separate variables and write in the form

2

  9 x  2x ,
 dt
dx

x  x  2
 9dt     dx  9dt
 2  x x  2 
a b 
   dx  dt
 x xc

1  x  A1 Integrate, any correct form.

ln    9t  B
2  x2

1 1 M1 Use initial condition to find constant.

t  0, x  2 B  ln
2 2

 2 x  18t 2x M1 Take logarithms

18t  ln   e 
 x2 x2

2e18t 2 A1 Any correct form

x or x  18t
2e 18t
2e 1

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(a) 800sin 2  B1
H  80sin 2  or
g

40sin  B1
T  4sin  or
g

7(b) 1 1 M1 A1 No extra terms.

H   10   3  T 
2
Between t  T and t  3 
4 2

1 M1 Substitute their expressions for H and T from

80sin 2   5  3  4sin  
2
Use results from part (a) part (a) and obtain a quadratic equation in sin 
4
with no more than three terms.
4sin 2   8sin   3  0

1 A1 Single answer. NFWW.

sin   ,   30
2

Alternative method for question 7 part (b)

3 1 M1 A1 120 sin   45
H  y  3  40  3 sin    10  32
4 2

3 M1 Substitute their expressions for H and T from

Use results from (a): 80sin 2   120 sin   45 part (a) and obtain a quadratic equation in sin 
4
with no more than three terms.
4sin 2   8sin   3  0

1 A1 Single answer. NFWW.

sin   ,   30
2

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(c) When t  3 speeds  40cos  and  40sin   10  3 B1

  M1 Must be numerical.
2
  10 
2
Square and add to find square of speed: v 2  20 3

v 2  1300, v  10 13 [= 36.1] A1

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