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2-2 - Language of Sets Part 1

This document discusses basic concepts of sets in mathematical language and symbols. It defines what a set is as a well-defined collection of objects, whose individual elements are the members or objects of the set. Sets can be finite, with a countable number of elements that can be listed, or infinite, with unlimited elements that cannot be completely specified. Methods for describing sets include the roster or tabulation method of listing elements separated by commas, and the rule method of enclosing the set in braces followed by a property that defines the elements of the set. Other concepts introduced are the unit set containing one element, the empty set containing no elements, and the universal set representing a large encompassing set.

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35 views10 pages

2-2 - Language of Sets Part 1

This document discusses basic concepts of sets in mathematical language and symbols. It defines what a set is as a well-defined collection of objects, whose individual elements are the members or objects of the set. Sets can be finite, with a countable number of elements that can be listed, or infinite, with unlimited elements that cannot be completely specified. Methods for describing sets include the roster or tabulation method of listing elements separated by commas, and the rule method of enclosing the set in braces followed by a property that defines the elements of the set. Other concepts introduced are the unit set containing one element, the empty set containing no elements, and the universal set representing a large encompassing set.

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rogingred
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CH2: MATHEMATICAL

LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS


References:
OF SETS
BASIC CONCEPTS: LANGUAGE

Mathematics in the Modern World, W.S.Sirug,2018,Mindshapers Co.,Inc. Modern Algebra and


Trigonometry, E.Vance,1984,Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.

L
ANGUAGE OF SETS
o The set of students in the Senior class at BSU.
o The set of negative integers from -1 to – 4.
o The set of all provinces in Luzon with a population
of less than 15 000.
o The set of all straight lines in a plane that
passes through a given point
o The set of all points that lie on a line.
o The set of distinct letters in the word “CALABARZON”

Set – a well-defined collection of objects.


Elements or members – the objects of the set.
References:
Mathematics in the Modern World, W.S.Sirug,2018,Mindshapers Co.,Inc. Modern Algebra and
Trigonometry, E.Vance,1984,Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.
Sets

can be

Finite Infinite

-It is possible to write The last element can


down a complete list of be identified.
all elements of the set. -
- Elements are unlimited - The last element
or uncountable. cannot be specified.

References:
Mathematics in the Modern World, W.S.Sirug,2018,Mindshapers Co.,Inc. Modern Algebra and
Trigonometry, E.Vance,1984,Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.

METHODS FOR DESCRIBING SETS •


Roster or tabulation method – the elements
are listed and separated by a comma. •
Rule method – set is enclosed in braces by
a descriptive phrase pertaining to the
elements of the set. It is also called as Set
Builder Notation. The symbol is written as { x
| P(x) }
the vertical line bar is read as “such that”
References:
Mathematics in the Modern World, W.S.Sirug,2018,Mindshapers Co.,Inc. Modern Algebra and
Trigonometry, E.Vance,1984,Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.

THE ROSTER METHOD: EXAMPLE


Write H = { distinct letters appearing in the
word “Mississippi”}

Answer: H = { m, i, s, p }

References:
Mathematics in the Modern World, W.S.Sirug,2018,Mindshapers Co.,Inc. Modern Algebra and
Trigonometry, E.Vance,1984,Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.
THE RULE METHOD: EXAMPLE

• Write the set F = { 2, 4, 6, 8 } using the Rule


method or Set Builder Notation.
Answer:
F = {x |x is an even counting number less than 10 }
Set F is a set of all Xs such that

• Write the set G = { a, e, i o, u }using the Rule


method or Set Builder Notation.
Answer:
References:
Mathematics in the Modern World, W.S.Sirug,2018,Mindshapers Co.,Inc. Modern Algebra and
Trigonometry, E.Vance,1984,Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.

Unit set – a set with only one element.


Empty set or Null set – unique set with
no elements, denoted by the symbol
Ø or { }.
Universal set – large fixed set, denoted
by the symbol U

References:
Mathematics in the Modern World, W.S.Sirug,2018,Mindshapers Co.,Inc. Modern Algebra and
Trigonometry, E.Vance,1984,Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.

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