APMOPS 2009 Round 2

1. There are 4 cards labeled with letters M, A, T and H respectively. A single-digit

number is written at the back of each card. They are then placed side by side, as
shown below, so that a four-digit number is obtained. Peter discovered that regardless
of the number written behind the “A” card, the difference between the four-digit
number and hundred times of the sum of its digits is always 4212.

Find the numbers written behind the cards labeled M, T and H respectively.

M A T H

Solution:
Let the no. behind M,T and H be 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 respectively.
Disregarding the no. behind A: the 4 digit no. = 1000𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 𝑧.
100×sum of digit = 100𝑥 + 100𝑦 + 100𝑧
Therefore we have 1000𝑥 + 10𝑦 + 𝑧 - (100𝑥 + 100𝑦 + 100𝑧) = 4212
900𝑥 - 90𝑦 - 99𝑧 = 4212
100𝑥 - 10𝑦 - 11𝑧 = 468
Observing, we see that 𝑥 = 5 and 𝑧 = 2
Thus, 500 - 10𝑦 - 22 = 468
478 – 10𝑦 = 468
𝑦=1
Therefore the no. behind M, T, H are 5, 1, 2 respectively.

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APMOPS 2009 Round 2

2. Given that S = 1+11+111+1111+…+111…1

100 of 1’s
Find the sum of the digits of S.

Solution:
S can also be represented as 100(1)+99(10)+98(100)+…+1(1099 )
100
990
9800
97000
960000
9500000
94000000
930000000
9200000000
91000000000
900000000000
8900000000000
88000000000000
870000000000000
8600000000000000
85000000000000000
840000000000000000
8300000000000000000
82000000000000000000
810000000000000000000
8000000000000000000000
79000000000000000000000
780000000000000000000000
7700000000000000000000000
76000000000000000000000000
750000000000000000000000000
7400000000000000000000000000
73000000000000000000000000000
720000000000000000000000000000
S= …01234567901234567901234567890

Note that the digits 123456790 repeat themselves every 9 digits except for the last 10
digits.
90
Sum of the digits of S = (1+2+3+4+5+6+7+9) + (1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9)
9
= 415

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APMOPS 2009 Round 2

3. The diagram shows a 5 by 5 grid comprising 25 squares. Each square is filled with
number 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 in such a way that no row, column or the two main diagonal
lines contain the same number more than once. Find the value of m.

1
m
2 3
4
5

Solution:

C 1
B m
D 2 3
4 A Y

5 Y

Observe that square A can only be 5. This in turn ensures that square B can only be 4.
Square C can only be 5 since 5 cannot be in both squares denoted by Y. Hence square
D can only be 1. With that, the square denoted by 𝒎 can only be 1.

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APMOPS 2009 Round 2

4. The diagram shows a square made up of nine rectangles. Rectangle E is also a square.
Given that the areas of rectangles A, B and C are 7 cm2, 21 cm2 and 2 cm2
respectively, find the perimeter of the rectangle labeled D.

A B
E
C D
Solution:

Ab B
a 3a
E
C 2
7
b D

Let the horizontal and vertical lengths of rectangle A be a and b as shown in the
diagram above. The corresponding horizontal length of rectangle B and vertical length
2
of rectangle C will be 3a and 7 b respectively. Since the whole diagram is a square and
2
rectangle E is a square, we have a + 3a = b + b which simplifies to 28a = 9b. Since
7
7 7
the area of rectangle A is 7, we also have ab = 7, or a = 𝑏. Substituting, we get 28(𝑏) =
14 3
9b, which gives us b = . Solving for a, we have a = 2.
3
3 2 14
Therefore, the perimeter of rectangle D = [2× 3(2)] + [2 × (7)( 3 )]
𝟐
= 11𝟑 cm

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APMOPS 2009 Round 2

5. Given that
1 1 1 1 1 1
(1 + 2) × (1 + 22 ) × (1 + 24 ) × (1 + 28 ) × … × (1 + 2009 ) = 2(1 − 22𝑛 ),
22

find the value of n.

Solution:

1 1 3 1 1
(1 + 2) = (1 + 0 ) = 2 = 2 - 2 = 2(1- 1 )
22 22
1 1 1 1 15 1 1
(1 + 2) × (1 + 22 )= (1 + 0 ) × (1 + 1 )= = 2 - 8 = 2(1- 2 )
22 22 8 22
1 1 1 1 1 1 255 1
(1 + 2) × (1 + 22 ) × (1 + 24 )= (1 + 0 ) × (1 + 1 ) × (1 + 2 ) = 128 = 2(1- 3 )
22 22 22 22
1 1 1
It can be observed that (1 + 2) × … × (1 + 22𝑥 ) = 2(1- 𝑥+1 )
22
Therefore
1 1 1 1 1 1
(1 + 2) × (1 + 22 ) × (1 + 24 ) × (1 + 28 ) × … × (1 + 2009 ) = 2(1 − 2010 )
22 22
n = 2010

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APMOPS 2009 Round 2

6. The diagram shows an isosceles triangle ABC where AC = BC and  BAC = 80°.
Given that AB = CD, find the value of  BDC .

A B

C
Solutions to this question by accurate drawing will not be accepted.

A B

D 𝑨′

C
Solution:

Set a point 𝐴′ such that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is congruent to ∆𝐶𝐷𝐴′.

Therefore  𝐷𝐶𝐴′ =  𝐶𝐷𝐴′ = 80°
From ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶,  𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 20°. Therefore,  𝐵𝐶𝐴′ = 60°.
Since 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴′𝐶, and  𝐵𝐶𝐴′ = 60°, ∆𝐴′𝐵𝐶 is an equilateral triangle. Because
∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is congruent to ∆𝐶𝐷𝐴′,  𝐶𝐴′𝐷 =  𝐴𝐶𝐵 = 20°.
 𝐵𝐴′𝐷 = 60°-20°=40°
180°−40°
Since 𝐵𝐴′ = 𝐴′𝐷,  𝐵𝐷𝐴′ = = 70°
2
Hence  BDC =  𝐶𝐷𝐴′ +  𝐵𝐷𝐴′ = 80°+70° = 150°

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