PRE CAL (SCRIPT)

About: Reference Angle

Intro: Hello, Hello, Madlang People, Mabuhay! I’m Criz Belle G. Antigbao, I’m Chris
Wyatt Aboc, I’m Clarissa C. Bulasa, I’m Mehl Humphrey T. Daugdaug, I’m Princess
Jana S. Dejos, I’m Chloe Andrea T. Gaabon, I’m Angela Mae C. Lauron, I’m Mark
Addison S. Nachor, and I’m Christine Faith P. Noynay. We are Group 1, and our video
tutorial today will be all about the topic of reference angles.
Criz: Let's first define what a reference angle is.The reference angle is the positive
acute angle formed by the terminal side of a given angle and the x-axis. So, if we say
positive acute angle, the measurement of this is clearly from 0 degrees to 90 degrees
only. For example, we have here an angle of 120 degrees, and this is relative to the
positive x-axis. The reference angle here is the angle between the x-axis and the
terminal side. As you can see, the angle is always less than 90 degrees. The question
is, What’s the angle here? To find that angle, we already know that this angle is 180
degrees, while this one is 120 degrees, and it has to be the difference between the two.
So since the angle is in quadrant 2, the formula will be 180 degrees minus 120 degrees,
which gives us 60 degrees, and that’s the reference angle. Now, as you can see, this is
the symbol for reference angle, which is theta, and on the right top of the theta, you can
see that it has a symbol like an apostrophe. But don’t be confused if the symbol is only
theta because it only represents the original angle. Again, we are using the symbol
theta, which indicates the original angle, while the symbol theta with an apostrophe
indicates that it’s a reference angle.
Chris: Before moving on, I’ll be discussing with you the different quadrants just to make
sure that later you won’t be confused about which quadrant the given angle belongs to.
As you can see, these are the positive angles, and in trigonometry, if they're positive
angles, then the rotation would be counterclockwise. The question is, how can we know
where quadrants one, two, three, and four are? So this upper right side here is the
quadrant one. Quadrant one is between 0 degrees and 90 degrees. This upper left side
is quadrant two, and quadrant two is between 90 degrees and 180 degrees. This lower
left side is quadrant three, and quadrant three is between 180 degrees and 270
degrees. Lastly, this lower right side is quadrant four, and quadrant four is between 270
degrees and 360 degrees.
Clarissa: We aren’t done yet, as I’ll still be discussing quadrants, but for now, it’ll be
about the negative angles, and in trigonometry, if the angle is negative, then its rotation
is clockwise. So, just like the positive angles, this upper right side here is our quadrant
one. However, quadrant one is between negative 270 degrees and negative 360
degrees. This upper left side here is also quadrant two, and quadrant two is now
between negative 180 degrees and negative 270 degrees. This lower left side is
quadrant three, and quadrant three is between negative 90 degrees and 180 degrees.
And lastly, this lower right side is evidently quadrant four, and quadrant four is between
negative 0 degrees and negative 90 degrees. So, you can see the difference, right? The
quadrants are placed in the same place, but the degrees just got interchanged.
Mehl: Given that we already know the quadrants, we should now know the formulas
found in different quadrants because not all the quadrants have the same formula. First
we have here, for positive angles: if the angle is in quadrant 1, then the formula for
reference angle is always equal to theta. Second, if the angle is in quadrant 2, then the
formula for the reference angle is equal to 180 degrees minus theta. Third, if the angle
is in quadrant 3, then the reference angle is equal to theta minus 180 degrees. Lastly, if
the angle is in quadrant 4, then the reference angle is equal to 360 degrees minus
theta.
Princess: Now, as we have the formula for positive angles, Let’s apply all the formulas
that Mehl has given us by solving for the reference angle of the following:
1. 30 degrees
2. 130 degrees
3. 210 degrees
4. 315 degrees
Number one is 30 degrees, and by knowing that it is a positive angle, we know that it’s
found in quadrant one. We can apply the formula for quadrant one, where the reference
angle is equal to theta. Then, substitute that the reference angle we have here is equal
to 30 degrees. Next, in number 2, we have 130 degrees, and it belongs to quadrant two.
So, the formula that we will be using is evidently the formula for quadrant 2, which is
that the reference angle is equal to 180 degrees minus theta. Then, substitute the given
reference angle, which is 180 degrees minus 130 degrees. And the final answer would
be that the reference angle is equal to 50 degrees.
Chloe: Now, we will answer numbers 3 and 4 that Princess gave earlier. So, for number
3, we have 210 degrees. As we already know, 210 degrees belongs to quadrant 3, and
the formula for quadrant 3 is that the reference angle is equal to theta minus 180
degrees. Then, substitute the given reference angle, which is equal to 210 minus 180
degrees. The final answer would be that the reference angle is equal to 30 degrees.
Lastly, for number 4, we have 315 degrees, and we know that this belongs to quadrant
4. The formula for quadrant 4 is that the reference angle is equal to 360 degrees minus
theta. Then, substitute the given value, which will now be the reference angle, which is
equal to 360 degrees minus 315 degrees. The final answer would be that the reference
angle is equal to 45 degrees.
Angela: Before moving on to how to solve the reference angle for negative angles, I’ll be
discussing with you first the different formula, just as Mehl did earlier. First we have
here, for negative angles: if the angle is in quadrant 1, then the formula for the reference
angle is equal to 360 degrees minus the absolute value of theta. Second, if the angle is
in quadrant 2, then the formula for the reference angle is equal to the absolute value of
theta minus 180 degrees. Third, if the angle is in quadrant 3, then the formula for the
reference angle is equal to 180 degrees minus the absolute value of theta. Lastly, if the
angle is in quadrant 4, then the formula for reference angle is equal to the absolute
value of theta. I know that you see the difference between the formula for positive and
negative angles. Yes, you’re right, these formulas are just interchanged, just like the
rotation would be. Additionally, I know that you are now confused as to why the formula
for negative angles has an absolute value in every theta. But don't be confused, as the
absolute value only indicates that we should change the sign of the given angle,
especially if it's a negative angle, which then makes the answer a positive one.

Mark: So now, let’s apply all the formulas that Angela has given us by solving for the
reference angle of the following:

1. -330 degrees
2. -240 degrees
3. -120 degrees
4. -60 degrees

Number one is -330 degrees, and by knowing that it is a negative angle, we know that
it’s found in quadrant one. We can apply the formula for quadrant one, where the
reference angle is equal to 360 degrees minus the absolute value of theta. Then,
substitute, which will now be the reference angle, which is equal to 360 degrees minus
the absolute value of -330 degrees. Now, what we will do is get the absolute value and
change the sign of the -330 to positive, for which we can now have the final answer.
The final answer would be that the reference angle is equal to 30 degrees. Next, in
number 2, we have -240, and we know that it’s found in quadrant two. So, the formula
for reference angle is equal to the absolute value of theta minus 180 degrees. Then,
substitute, which will now be the reference angle, is equal to the absolute value of -240
minus 180 degrees. As we did earlier, we will get the absolute value and change the
sign of -240 to positive, so we can now have the final answer. The final answer would
be that the reference angle is equal to 60 degrees.

Christine: We will now answer numbers 3 and 4 that Mark gave earlier. Number 3: we
have -120 degrees, and this belongs to quadrant 3, and the formula for quadrant 3 is
that the reference angle is equal to 180 degrees minus the absolute value of theta.
Then, let’s substitute the given, for which we will now have a reference angle equal to
180 degrees minus the absolute value of -120 degrees. Now, we will get the absolute
value and change the sign of -120 to positive, so we can now have the final answer.
The final answer is that the reference angle is equal to 60 degrees. Lastly, for number 4,
we have -60 degrees, and we know that this belongs to quadrant 4. The formula for
quadrant 4 is that the reference angle is equal to the absolute value of theta. Then,
substitute the given value, which will now be the reference angle, which is equal to the
absolute value of -60 degrees. And to get the final answer, we need to get the absolute
value and change the sign of -60 degrees to positive. The final answer would be that the
reference angle is equal to 60 degrees.
Criz: As we are done discussing the reference angle, we will give you some activities for
solving for the reference angle just to let you know if you really learned something from
us.

Solve for the reference angle of the following:

1. 225 degrees
2. -300 degrees
3. -210 degrees
4. 330 degrees

Criz: Thank you for watching Madlang People. See you next time for another episode of
the video tutorial.

Outro: Always remember that the ability to think mathematically empowers us to find
solutions, fostering a resilient and adaptable mindset. So, embrace the beauty of
numbers and equations; they're more than just symbols—they're keys to unlocking a
world of understanding and possibilities.