ASP.

NET

SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is ASP.NET?
 ASP.NET means "Active Server Pages" which is frontend language & it is
established & supported by Microsoft

2. Explain objective of ASP.NET

 ASP.NET is a web application which allows the programmer to build
dynamic web sites, Web applications & web services.
 ASP.NET allows to develop web applications using a full featured
programming language such as C#, VB.NET, Jscript .

3.Explain compile code.

 When code is compiled, it is first converted into Microsoft Independent
Language (MSIL). Then this independent language is further converted
into Machine Specific instructions.

4. Why is ASP.NET event driven.

 When something specific has occurred in significance for system
hardware or software is call an Event.
 A segment of code that is executed in response to an event is called an
event handler.

5. Explain ISPOSTBACK
 IsPostBack is a propety of the Asp.Net page that tells whether or not the
page is on its initial load or if a user has perform a button on your web
page that has caused the page to post back to itself.

6. What is the use of PostBackUrl Property?

 The PostBackUrl property can be useful for scenarios where you want to
collect data from multiple pages and process it on a final page.

7. What is the use of web.sitemap file?

 The SiteMapPath control is also used to display the Navigation
information on the site

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 It display the current page's context within the entire structure of a

website
 You can bind this control to TreeView and Menu controls

8. What is APP_CODE and APP_DATA application folders.

 ASP.NET compiles the code in the app_code folder on the initial request
to your application and recompiles it when any changes are detected.
 The app_data folder contains application data files, such as .mdf
database files, XML files, and other data store files.

9. What is the use of Image Map control?

 It is used to show image with in the page.
 An Image Map control is an ASP.NET web control that allows you to
create an image with defined hot spot regions.
 For example, you can use this control to display a map of a geographical
region and link each region to a different page.

10. What is inline code and code behind page?

 ASP.NET 2.0 provides two paths for structuring the cod of ASP.NET
pages: Code Behind and Code Inline
 Inline Coding :- Inline Code is embedded directly within the ASP.NET
page that has an extension of .aspx.
 Code Behind :- code is separated from content completely and stored in
a separate file.

11. What are the advantage of server side state management?

 Server side state management is a technique of storing data on the
server instead of the client’s browser.

12. Explain @ Register directive.

 The @ Register directive is a directive used to register user-defined
controls on a web page.
 <code> <%@ Register tagprefix=“my” namespace=“MyNamespace” %>
<my:CustomControl runat=server /> </code>

13. What is importance of Themes?

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 Themes are a feature of ASP.NET that help you maintain a consistent
look and feel across your web pages and controls. Themes can also
improve the performance and security of your web application by
reducing the bandwidth and hiding the confidential state data from the
client

14. What is SOAP?

 SOAP is a protocol for accessing web services over HTTP. It stands for
Simple Object Access Protocol and it is based on XML

15. What is WSDL?

 WSDL stands for Web Services Description Language. It is an XML-based
language for describing web services. A WSDL file is written in XML.

16. What is the use of global.asax file in ASP.NET?

 There are 2 types of events available in ASP.NET. We can handle both
sessions in a global.asax file.
 Session_Start(): When the new session is initialized then the
session_start event is invoked.
 Session_end(): When the session is expires then the Session_End event
is invoked.

17. Explain Server.Transfer().

 It sends (transfers) all the information created in one ASP file to a
second ASP file.
 Server.Transfer() has some advantages and disadvantages compared to
Response.Redirect(), which is another method to navigate to a different
page.

18. What is the importance of Query String?

 Query string is a way to pass some information from one page to
another in ASP.NET. It is useful when you want to transfer a value or a
parameter to a web application or a database

19. List out Data Adapter’s methods and properties.

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 The DataAdapter has properties of type Command, which represent the
ways it can query, insert, delete, and update the database.

20. Why we use the app_code and app_data folder?

 ASP.NET compiles the code in the app_code folder on the initial request
to your application and recompiles it when any changes are detected.
 The app_data folder contains application data files, such as .mdf
database files, XML files, and other data store files.

21. What are advantages of validator control?

 Validation allows you to validate an input of the user.
 ASP.NET validation controls validate the user input data to ensure that
useless, unauthenticated, or contradictory data don't get stored
 ASP.NET provides the following validation controls :-
1. RequiredFieldValidator
2. RangeValidator
3. CompareValidator
4. RegularExpressionValidatator
5. CustomValidator
6. ValidationSummary

22. What is the use of System.Data.Oledb?

 To use Microsoft Access as a database, System.Data.oleDb namespace is
used. It provides classes which can work with OLE-DB data sources using
the .NET OleDb data provider.
 For Example:- OleDbConnection and OleDbCommand.

23. How CSS is applied to the ASP.NET page?

 Inline style: This is the simplest way to apply CSS to an ASP.NET page.
You can use the style attribute of any HTML or ASP.NET element to
specify the CSS properties and values for that element.
 Internal style sheet: This is a way to apply CSS to an ASP.NET page by
using the <style> tag inside the <head> section of the page. You can use
selectors to target specific elements or groups of elements and define
the CSS rules for them

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 External style sheet: This is a way to apply CSS to an ASP.NET page by

using a separate file that contains the CSS code. You can use the <link>
tag inside the <head> section of the page to link to the external style
sheet file. You can also use the @import rule inside a <style> tag to
import an external style sheet file.

24. List data bind controls in ASP.NET. Write its usage.

 The binding of data with the controls of Web Forms is known as Data
Binding. Data binding is the ability to bind some elements of a data
source with the controls of an application.
 On the basis of the number of bound values that can be displayed
through a control of a Web Form, It can be divided in two types:
 1)Simple data binding. 2)Complex data binding.

25. Explain Querystring. How can you make and use of

QueryString?
 A query string is use to send data from one webform to another through
the URL. A query string consists of two parts,
 1. field and 2. value, and each of pair separated by ampersand (&)
symbol. The ?(question mark) symbol in a query string indicates the
beginning of a query string and it's value. There is a limit on the Query
string length. Hence, Query strings cannot be used to send more than
100kb data
 Request.QueryString(variable)[lindex)|.Count]

26. What is the difference between page and Web user control?
 A page and a Web user control are both components that can be used to
create dynamic web applications using ASP.NET. However, they have
some differences in their structure, functionality, and usage.
 A page is a file that has the extension .aspx and contains an @ Page
directive that defines its configuration and other properties
 A Web user control is a file that has the extension .ascx and contains an
@ Control directive that defines its configuration and other properties

27. How structured exception handling is implemented?

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 Try-catch block :- This is the most common way of handling exceptions.

You can use the try, catch, and finally keywords to enclose the code that
might throw an exception, and provide the logic to handle it or clean up
resources

28. How Asp.net maintain View State?

 View State provides page level client side state management which is as
long as the user is active on the current page, state is available and as
the user redirects to the next page and the current page state is lost.
 By default View state is enabled for all server side controls of ASP.NET
with a property called EnableviewState set to true.

29. Use of custom validator.

 The CustomValidator control allows writing application specific custom
validation routines for both the client side and the server side validation
 The client side validation is accomplished through the ClientValidation
Function property

30. What is SiteMapPath Control?

 The SiteMapPath control is also used to display the Navigation
information on the site. It display the current page's context within the
entire structure of a website.
 You can bind this control to TreeView and Menu controls

31. Differentiate dataset and datareader.

 The key components of DataSet are :-
1. DataTableCollection
2. DataRelationCollection
3. DataTable
4. DataRowCollection
5. DataColumnCollection

32. What is UDDI in webservice?

 UDDI registries can be public or private. Public registries are accessible
to anyone on the Internet and provide a global directory of web services

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33.What is session? how to increase session time [Note: default

session time is 20 MIN
 "The time duration for which the user interacts with the web application
is called session"
<sessionState mode"InProc"
stateConnectionString="tcpip=127.0.0.1:42424"
sqlConnectionString="Data Source=\sQLEXPRESS;
Trusted_Connection=Yes;" cookieless="false" timeout="20"/>

34. How theme set at page level and application level.

 To set a theme at the page level, you can use the Theme or
StyleSheetTheme attribute of the @ Page directive in the .aspx file. For
example:- <%@ Page Language="C#" Theme="FirstTheme" %>

35. How to use structured error.

 Structured error handling is a way of handling errors and exceptions in
your ASP.NET code using the try-catch-finally blocks.
 To use structured error handling, you need to enclose the code that
might throw an exception in a try block, followed by one or more catch
blocks that handle different types of exceptions

36. What is caching in short

 Caching is a technique of storing frequently used information of user in
memory, so that, when the same information is needed by user next
time, it could be directly retrieved from the memory instead of being
generated by the application.
37. Write an extention of:
1. WEB FORM :- .ASPX
2. USER CONTROL :- .ASCX
3. WEB SERVICE :- ASMX
4. GLOBAL CLASS FILE :- .ASAX
5. VB CODE FILE :- .VB
6. SKIN FILE :- .SKIN
7. CSS FILE :- .CSS

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LONG QUESTIONS
1. Write a note on .NET Framework.
 .NET Framework:
 NET is Software Platform. It is a language neutral environment for
developing applications. It also provides an execution environment and
integration with various programming languages for building, deploying
and running web-based and standalone enterprise applications. All
aspects to manage the program execution like memory allocation for data
storage and instructions, granting and denying permission to the
application, managing execution of application and reallocation of
memory for resources which are not needed is managed easily in
ASP.NET. It consists of class libraries and reusable components.
The block diagram of .NET framework is as follows:

Common Language Specification (CLS):

 CLS is the collection of rules and constraints that every language
compatible to .NET must follow. It is one of the core components of the
.Net Framework which helps to build communication between different
components written in different programming language and reuse the
common logics
Microsoft has defined three level of CLS compatibility as follow:
 Compliant Producer: The component developed in this type of language
can be used by any other language.
 Consumer: In this category, the language can use classes produced in
any other language.
 Extender: In this category, languages cannot use classes as in
CONSUMER category but can also extend classes using inheritance

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 Base Class Library (BCL):

.Net framework consists of classes, interfaces and value types that help
in speeding up the development process and provide access to the
system functionality. The class library is a collection of methods &
functions that can be reusable types meant to be used by managed
code.
The namespaces are logically defined by their functionality. Most of the
methods are split into either System. or Microsoft." Namespaces
For example:- The System.Data namespace contains the functionality
available for accessing database.
Common Language Runtime (CLR):
 It is the runtime environments which do both compile and run the
application. So it is also known as the heart of .NET framework.
 MSIL which is language independent code, so CLR uses this code for the
execution of the application.
 The MSIL code is translated by JIT (Just-in Time) compliler.
Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL):
 it is also known as Intermediate Language (1L) or Common Intermediate
Language (CIL). A.NET programming language does not compile the code
into executable code; instead it compiles the code into an intermediate
code called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) or Intermediate
Language (L) or Common Intermediate Language (CIL).
 This IL or MSIL or CiIL code is machine independent code which is then
send to CLR which converts this machine independent code into native
code with the help of JIT (Just-in Time Compiler) avalable in CLR
2. Explain page life cycle in detail.
 Page Life Cycle:
 Whenever you request an ASP.NET page, a particular set of events is raised
in particular sequence. This sequence of events is called the page execution
lifecycle.

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When the request comes from the .aspx page, it is given for parsing to asp.net
engine. Then a combined page class is generated from that parsed page and
the code behind class and then it is compiled. At last, the instance of the class
is created and provided to the user.
Page Life Cycle Stages:
1. Page Request: This is when the page is first requested from the server.
When the page is requested, the server checks if it is requested for the
first time.
2. Start: In this phase, 2 objects, known as the Request and Response
object are set. If the request is an old request or post back, the
IsPostBack property of the page is set to true. The UICulture property of
the page is also set.
3. Page Initialization: In this phase, controls on the page are available and
each control's UniquelD property is set. A master page and themes are
also applied to the page if applicable
4. Load: During this phase, if the current request is a postback, control
properties are set to utilize the view state and control state values like if
a textbox is supposed to have a default value, that value is loaded during
the page load time.
5. Validation: In this phase, when the validation controls are present on
the page, than on its successful execution, IsValid property of the page is
set to true
6. Postback Event Handling: In this phase, control event handlers are
called if the request is a postback. That means this event is triggered if
the same page is being loaded again. This happens in response to an
earlier event.
7. Rendering: Before this phase, view state is saved for the page and all
controls. During this stage, the page calls the Render() method for each
control and writes its output to the OutputStream object of the page's
Response property.
8. Unload: The unload method takes after the page is fully loaded and is
ready to terminate. At this point, rendered page is sent to the client and
page properties such as Response and Request are unloaded and clean-
up is done.
3. Explain Request object.
 Request object is used to retrieve information from a user. It is an
instance of the system.Web.HttpRequest class. Request Object's
collections, properties, and methods are described below:

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4. Write a note on CLR.

 It is the core component of .NET Framework. It is also known as an
execution Environment. It is used to compile the IL or MSIL code to
native code.

The main function of CLR is to convert the MSIL code to native code and
then execute the program. The managed code a code that is developed
with a language compilerthat targets the CLR is compiled only when it is
needed, that means it converts the appropriate instructions when each
functin is called.
 The unmanaged code - a code thaat is developed without considering the
conventions and requirements of CLR, is executed with minimal service
of CLR. The CLR's JIT (Just-in Time) compilation converts MSIL to native
code on demant at application run.
 During the execution of the program, the CLR provides functionaloty such
as memory, Debugging, Exception Handling, Security and versioning
support to any languages that target it. In short, When .NET programs are
executed, the CLR activates the JIT compiler.
 The JIT Compiler converts MSIL into native code on demand basis. Thus
the program executes as a native code to run the program fast. That is
how NET framework achieves the portability.
5. Write a note on Response object.
 Response object is used to provide output to the user from the server.
ASP.NET provides a class called HttpResponse which is defined in the
namespace called System.Web. Response object's collections, properties,
and methods are described below:

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6. Write a note on WEB.CONFIG file.

 A WEB.CONFIG file is a configuration file that is used to control the
behavior of an ASP.NET web application. It is an XML file that is stored in
the root directory of the application.
 It contains settings that override the default settings in the
Machine.config file, which is located in the
systemroot\Microsoft.NET\Framework\versionNumber\CONFIG\ folder
and applies to all .NET applications on the system.
 The WEB.CONFIG file can have various sections that specify different
aspects of the application, such as authentication, authorization,
caching, compilation, custom errors, globalization, HTTP modules, HTTP
handlers, session state, tracing, and more.
 Each section can have its own attributes and elements that define the
configuration options. The WEB.CONFIG file can also reference external
files or assemblies that contain additional configuration settings or
custom code.
 The WEB.CONFIG file is read by IIS and the ASP.NET Core Module to
configure the app hosted with IIS.
 The file must be present at the content root path of the deployed app
and must have a format similar to the Machine.config file. The file must
also contain the <configuration> element and the <system.web>
element as the minimum structure.
 The ASP.NET Core Module is configured with the aspNetCore section of
the system.webServer node in the WEB.CONFIG file.
 The WEB.CONFIG file can be created and modified by using a text editor
such as Notepad. There is no Microsoft-provided administration tool for
this purpose.
 However, some third-party tools or IDEs may offer graphical interfaces
or wizards to create or edit the WEB.CONFIG file.
7. Explain Adrotator Control.
 An AdRotator control is a web server control that allows you to display a
sequence of advertisement images on your web page. The images are
randomly selected from a list that is specified in an external XML file,
called the advertisement file.
 The advertisement file contains information about each image, such as
the URL, the alternate text, the impressions, the keyword, and the
dimensions. You can also include custom attributes in the advertisement
file for your own purposes.

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 The AdRotator control has two main properties: AdvertisementFile and

Target. The AdvertisementFile property sets the path of the XML file that
contains the list of images. The Target property sets the type of window
that will open when the user clicks on an image. You can use values such
as “_blank”, “_self”, “_parent”, or “_top” for this property.
 The AdRotator control is useful for creating dynamic and attractive web
pages that can generate revenue from advertising. You can use the
AdRotator control to display different ads based on the user’s
preferences, location, or other criteria.
 You can also track the performance of your ads by using the impressions
attribute or by using custom code.
8. Explain calendar control and hidden control.
 Calendar control and hidden control are two types of web server controls
that are used in ASP.NET applications. They have different purposes and
functionalities, as explained below:
 Calendar control: This control allows you to display a calendar on your web
page and let the user select a date or a range of dates. You can customize the
appearance and behavior of the calendar control by using its various
properties and events. For example, you can set the caption, the format, the
style, the selection mode, and the navigation elements of the calendar
control. You can also handle events such as SelectionChanged, DayRendered,
and VisibleMonthChanged to perform some actions when the user interacts
with the calendar control. The basic syntax of a calendar control is:
<asp:Calender ID = "Calendar1" runat = "server">
</asp:Calender>
 Hidden control: This control allows you to store a value on your web page
that is not visible to the user. You can use this value for passing data between
pages or for storing some information that you do not want to expose to the
user. The hidden control is rendered as an HTML input element of type
hidden. The basic syntax of a hidden control is:
<asp:HiddenField ID = "HiddenField1" runat = "server" Value =
"some value"></asp:HiddenField>
9. Master page and nestedmaster page.
 Master page: It allows you to create a consistent layout for the pages in
your application. Following are the steps to embed master page in your
application
 Right click on solution explorer of your website.
 Select Add new item.
 Select Master Page option from Add new item Dialog Box.
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 Change name of Master Page.

 Click on Add button.
 Add desired controls on the master page that you want on all the pages.
Drag and Drop HTML Table and then keep all controls. E.g Menu control
from Navigation, Image, Heading, Footer etc.
 Perform necessary Design steps and save the Master Page
 Nested master pages are a feature of ASP.NET that allow you to create
master pages that inherit from other master pages. This way, you can
reuse common layout and functionality across different master pages. For
example, you can have a main master page that defines the header,
footer, and navigation of your site, and then have nested master pages
that define the content area for different sections of your site.

 To create a nested master page, you need to set the MasterPageFile

attribute of the @Master directive to point to the parent master page. For
example, if you have a parent master page called MainMaster.master and
a nested master page called NestedMaster.master, you can use this code
in NestedMaster.master:
<%@ Master Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/MainMaster.master"
AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="NestedMaster.master.cs"
Inherits="NestedMaster" %>
you can use this code in NestedMaster.master:
<asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent"
Runat="Server">
<asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="NestedContent" runat="server">
</asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
</asp:Content>
10.Expain HTML control.
 The HTML server controls are basically the standard HTML controls
enhanced to enable server side processing.
 The HTML controls such as the header tags, anchor tags, and input
elements are not processed by the server but are sent to the browser for
display
 They are specifically converted to a server control by adding the
attribute runat="server" and adding an id attribute to make them
available for server-side processing.
 For example, consider the HTML input control: <input type="text"
size="40"> It could be converted to a server control, by adding the runat

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and id attribute: < input type="text" ld="testtext" size="40"
runat="server">
 Advantages of using HTML Server Controls: Although ASP.NET server
controls can perform every job accomplished by the HTML server
controls, the later controls are useful in the following cases:
 Using static tables for layout purposes.
 Converting a HTML page to run under ASP.NET
11.Explain gridview control.
 The GridView control enables us to display, select, sort, page, and edit
data items such as database records.
 The GridView control in ASP.NET is a powerful and flexible data-bound
control used to display tabular data from various data sources, such as
databases, XML, or object collections. It is commonly used in web
applications to create data grids or tables with features like sorting,
paging, and editing. Here's a detailed explanation of the GridView control:
Key Features and Properties of GridView Control:
1. Data Binding: You can bind the GridView to a data source using the
`DataSource` property. This can be a database query, an object collection, or
other data sources like XML or JSON.
2. Auto-Generation of Columns: The GridView can automatically generate
columns based on the data source schema, which simplifies the setup process.
You can also define custom columns manually.
3. Sorting: GridView provides built-in sorting functionality. Users can click on
column headers to sort the data in ascending or descending order.
4. Paging: You can enable paging to split large datasets into manageable pages.
This is crucial for performance when dealing with extensive data.
5. Editing and Updating: GridView supports inline editing of data rows. You can
specify which columns are editable and handle events like `RowEditing` and
`RowUpdating`.
6. Deleting and Inserting: It allows users to delete rows and insert new rows.
You can handle events like `RowDeleting` and `RowInserting` for custom logic.
7. Templates: GridView supports templates for customizing the appearance and
layout of data rows, headers, footers, and more. You can use templates to
display data in a more user-friendly way.
8. Data Formatting: You can format data within columns using various
formatting options, making it suitable for displaying dates, currency, or custom
text.

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9. Data Source Controls: GridView works well with data source controls like
SqlDataSource and ObjectDataSource, simplifying data retrieval and
management.
10. Client-Side Integration: It can be integrated with client-side scripts and AJAX
for enhanced user interactions without full-page postbacks.
Here's a simplified example of using a GridView control in ASP.NET:
html
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="true">
</asp:GridView>
In this basic example, the GridView is configured to auto-generate columns
based on the data source. In your code-behind, you would set the `DataSource`
property and call the `DataBind()` method to populate the GridView with data.
The GridView control is highly customizable and can be extended to meet
specific requirements in web applications, making it a fundamental tool for
displaying and interacting with tabular data.

12.Explain server object in detail.

 The ASP.NET Server object is used to access properties and methods of
the server. Server object's properties and methods are described below:

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13.Write a note on SITEMAPPATH.
 The SiteMapPath control is also used to display the Navigation
information on the site.
 It display the current page's context within the entire structure of a
website. You can bind this control to TreeView and Menu controls.
 SiteMapPath is a web server control that is used to display a set of text
or image hyperlinks that enable users to more easily navigate a web site,
while taking a minimal amount of page space.
 It reflects the data provided by the SiteMap object and shows the current
position of the user within the site hierarchy. It also allows the user to go
back to any previous page in the navigation path.
 To add SiteMapPath to your web page, you need to use the
asp:SiteMapPath tag and set its properties and styles according to your
preferences.
 You can also use templates to customize the appearance and behavior of
each node type, such as RootNodeTemplate, CurrentNodeTemplate,
ParentNodeTemplate, and PathSeparatorTemplate .

14.Short note:
1. USER CONROL
2. USER PROFILE
 USER CONROL:
 User control in ASP.NET is a way to create reusable components that can
be embedded in web pages. User control is a file with .ascx extension that
contains HTML and server-side code.
 User control can have properties, methods, and events, just like a web
form or a custom server control. User control can also contain other
ASP.NET controls, such as text boxes, labels, buttons, and so on.
 To create a user control, you need to use Visual Studio or any text editor
that supports ASP.NET. You can design the user control visually or write
the code manually. You can also use code-behind files to separate the
presentation logic from the business logic. You can test the user control
by adding it to a web form and running the application.

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 User control is useful for creating common UI elements that can be shared
across multiple pages or applications.
 For example, you can create a user control for a contact form, a navigation
menu, a header, or a footer. You can then include the user control in any
page that needs it by using the asp:UserControl tag or the @Register
directive.
 You can also customize the user control by passing parameters or setting
attributes.
 USER PROFILE:
 User profile in ASP.NET is a feature that allows you to store and retrieve
user-specific information for your web application. You can use user
profile to customize the user experience, such as remembering their
preferences, settings, or personal data. User profile can also be used to
track the user’s activity, such as the last visit time, the number of visits, or
the pages viewed.
To use user profile in ASP.NET, you need to do the following steps:
 Configure the profile provider in the web.config file. The profile provider
is responsible for storing and retrieving the user profile data from a
persistent source, such as a database or a file system. You can use the
default SqlProfileProvider or create your own custom profile provider.
 Define the user profile properties in the web.config file. The user profile
properties are the attributes that you want to store for each user, such as
name, email, age, gender, etc. You can specify the data type, default
value, and serialization mode for each property. You can also group the
properties into profiles for different types of users.
 Access and modify the user profile data in your code. You can use the
Profile object to get or set the values of the user profile properties. The
Profile object is available in any page or class that inherits from Page or
UserControl. You can also use the ProfileManager class to perform bulk
operations on user profiles, such as deleting, migrating, or finding profiles.
15.Explain checkboxlist control.
 A checkboxlist control is a web server control that allows you to display a list
of items with checkboxes that the user can select or clear. The checkboxlist
control is useful for creating multiple-choice questions, surveys, or
preferences. The checkboxlist control has the following features and
properties:
 It can be bound to a data source, such as a database, an XML file, or an
array, to dynamically generate the list items.

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 It has an Items collection that contains the ListItem objects that represent
each item in the list. You can access and modify the items by using the
collection methods and properties, such as Add, Remove, Count, and
Clear.
 It has a SelectedIndex property that returns the index of the first selected
item in the list, or -1 if no item is selected. You can also use the
SelectedIndices property to get a collection of all the selected indices in
the list.
 It has a SelectedItem property that returns the first selected item in the
list, or null if no item is selected. You can also use the SelectedItems
property to get a collection of all the selected items in the list.
 It has a SelectedValue property that returns the value of the first selected
item in the list, or an empty string if no item is selected. You can also use
the SelectedValues property to get a collection of all the selected values
in the list.
16.Explain OOP concept.
 OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming, which is a programming
paradigm that organizes data and behavior into reusable units called objects.
 Objects have properties that describe their state and methods that define
their actions. Objects can also interact with each other through messages
or events.
 ASP.NET is a web development framework that supports OOP concepts in
various ways. For example, ASP.NET web pages are derived from the Page
class, which is an object that has properties and methods for handling
requests, rendering output, and managing the page life cycle.
 ASP.NET web controls are also objects that inherit from the Control class,
which provides common functionality for rendering HTML elements,
handling events, and maintaining state.
 ASP.NET also allows developers to create their own custom classes and
objects to implement business logic, data access, or presentation logic.
 Developers can use languages such as C#, VB.NET, or JScript.NET to write
OOP code in ASP.NET applications.
 These languages support OOP features such as abstraction,
encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, which enable developers
to create modular, reusable, and maintainable code.
17.Explain REPEATER AND LISTBOX.
 REPEATER: A REPEATER in ASP.NET is a web server control that allows you to
display a repeated list of items that are bound to the control. The REPEATER
control can be bound to a data source, such as a database, an XML file, or
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another list of items. The REPEATER control is useful for creating custom
layouts and formats for displaying data, such as tables, lists, or grids.
The REPEATER control has five templates that define how the data is
rendered:
 HeaderTemplate: This template is used for elements that you want to
render once before the item section.
 FooterTemplate: This template is used for elements that you want to
render once after the item section.
 ItemTemplate: This template is used for elements that are rendered once
per item in the data source. It is the main template that displays the data.
 AlternatingItemTemplate: This template is used for elements that are
rendered every second item in the data source. This allows you to
alternate the appearance of the items.
 SeparatorTemplate: This template is used for elements that are rendered
between each item, such as line breaks or commas.
 LISTBOX: A LISTBOX in ASP.NET is a web server control that allows you to
display a list of items with checkboxes that the user can select or clear. The
LISTBOX control is useful for creating multiple-choice questions, surveys, or
preferences.
The LISTBOX control has the following features and properties:
 It can be bound to a data source, such as a database, an XML file, or another
list of items, to dynamically generate the list items.
 It has an Items collection that contains the ListItem objects that represent
each item in the list. You can access and modify the items by using the
collection methods and properties, such as Add, Remove, Count, and Clear.
 It has a SelectedIndex property that returns the index of the first selected
item in the list, or -1 if no item is selected. You can also use the
SelectedIndices property to get a collection of all the selected indices in the
list.
 It has a SelectedItem property that returns the first selected item in the list,
or null if no item is selected. You can also use the SelectedItems property to
get a collection of all the selected items in the list.
 It has a SelectedValue property that returns the value of the first selected
item in the list, or an empty string if no item is selected. You can also use the
SelectedValues property to get a collection of all the selected values in the
list.
 It has a RepeatColumns property that specifies the number of columns or
rows to display in the list. The value depends on whether you use Table or
Flow layout and Horizontal or Vertical direction.

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 It has a TextAlign property that specifies how the text is aligned with respect
to the checkbox. You can choose between Left and Right alignments.
18.What is theme?Explain various way to apply theme.
 Theme: They are skin template that allows you to define the look of pages
and controls, which can then be applied to all the pages in your application
to provide consistent look for your application. It applies to any Server
control. It is used to set Height, width, Forecolor, backcolor, bordercolor of
any asp.net server controls
 Applies to all the server controls Is applied on the server rather than in the
browser But we cannot apply multiple themes to a single page. Only one
theme we can apply for a single page.
 But themes does not support cascading For property values defined in a
theme, the theme property overrides the property values declaratively set
on a control, unless the StyleSheetTheme property is explicitly defined.
 Can be applied through Configuration Files.
 All theme and Skin files should be placed in a special Asp.net folder called the
"ApP_Themes in order for the themes to work and behave normally.
 Each theme should be associated with at least one Skin file.
 But a theme can define multiple properties of a control not just style
properties such as we can specify the graphies property for a control,
template layout of a GridView control etc.
There are two ways to Apply Theme to your web form
1. Add Theme Attribute inside @page Directive Theme="Skin File"
(<%@Page Language="CH" MasterPageFile="/MasterPage.master"
AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Registration.aspx.cs"
Inherits="Registration" Theme="SkinFile"9%>)
2. Right click on page-> goto properties-> In Theme property select the
SkinFile that you have created. Note: This step is only useful when you
have not applied master page to the form.
19.Write code snipped to fill dropdown from the database.
 Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Configuration
Protected Sub Page_Load(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles
Me.Load
If Not IsPostBack Then
Dim connectionString As String =
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings("dbConnection").ConnectionS
tring
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Dim command As New SqlCommand("SELECT ProductID, ProductName
FROM Products", connection)
Dim adapter As New SqlDataAdapter(command)
Dim products As New DataTable()
adapter.Fill(products)
ddlProducts.DataSource = products
ddlProducts.DataTextField = "ProductName"
ddlProducts.DataValueField = "ProductID"
ddlProducts.DataBind()
ddlProducts.Items.Insert(0, New ListItem("--Select Product--", "0"))
End If
End Sub
20.Difference between CSS and skin file.
 CSS:
 Applies to all HTML Controls
 Is applied on the Client Side in the Browser
 We can apply multiple style sheets to a single page
 The CSS supports cascading
 The CSS cannot override the property values defined for a control.
 Cannot be applied through the configuration files
 Can be used directly via a reference to the css file location
 Do not require any other resource like Skin files
 In case of CSS you can define only style properties
 Themes:
 Applies to all the server controls
 Is applied on the server rather than in the browser
 But we cannot apply multiple themes to a single page. Only one theme
we can apply for a single page.
 But themes does not support cascading
 For property values defined in a theme, the theme property overrides the
property values declaratively set on a control, unless the
StyleSheetTheme property is explicitly defined.
 Can be applied through Configuration Files.
 All theme and Skin files should be placed in a special Asp.net folder called
the "ASP_Themes in order for the themes to work and behave normally.
 Each theme should be associated with at least one Skin file.
But a theme can define multiple properties of a control not just style
properties such as we can specify the graphies property for a control,
template layout of a GridView control etc.
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21.Difference between label and literals.

 Label: lable in ASP.NET is a web server control that displays text on a web
page. It can be used to create captions, titles, headings, or other textual
elements. Label in ASP.NET has the following features and properties:
 It can be associated with another input control, such as a text box or a
radio button, by using the AssociatedControlID property. This allows the
user to focus on the input control by clicking on the label text
 It can be styled by using the CssClass property or the Style attribute. It can
also inherit the styles from the parent container or the theme of the web
page.
 It can be accessed and modified by using the Text property or the
InnerText property in the code-behind file. It can also display dynamic
content by using data binding expressions or inline code blocks.
 Literals: Literals in ASP.NET are web server controls that display text or HTML
content on a web page without any additional HTML tags. Literals in ASP.NET
have the following features and properties:
 They can be used to insert dynamic content, such as data binding
expressions, inline code blocks, or scripts, into the web page. They can
also be used to add static content, such as headings, paragraphs, or
comments.
 They have a Text property that sets or gets the content of the control. The
Text property can contain plain text or HTML markup, depending on the
Mode property of the control.
 They do not generate any HTML tags by themselves, unlike other web
server controls such as Label or TextBox. This makes them lighter and
faster than other controls. However, this also means that they cannot be
styled or associated with other controls.
22.Differentiate session and application variable.
 Session and application variables are two ways to store data in ASP.NET web
applications. They have different scopes and lifetimes, as explained below:
Session variables are used to store data that is specific to a single user or
session. Each user who visits the web application has a unique session ID that
is stored in a cookie or in the URL.
 The session ID is used to identify the user and access the session variables
that belong to that user. Session variables are stored in the server
memory or in an external state server or database.
 Session variables are created when a user starts a session and are
destroyed when the user ends the session or w hen the session times out
due to inactivity.
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 ASP.NET

 Session variables can be used to store information such as user

preferences, shopping cart items, or authentication status.
Application variables:
 Application variables are used to store data that is shared by all users and
sessions of the web application.
 Application variables are stored in the server memory and are accessible
by any page or class in the web application.
 Application variables are created when the web application starts and are
destroyed when the web application ends or when the server shuts down.
 Application variables can be used to store information such as site
configuration, global counters, or cached data.
23.What are Web services? and how can the interaction with web
services are done?
 A web service is a web-based functionality that runs on Web Server. It is
accessed using the protocols of the web to be used by the web applications.
They are the small unit of code which is design to handle limited set of task.
They are independent of operating system and programming language.
 Using HttpClient class: This class provides a base class for sending HTTP
requests and receiving HTTP responses from a web service identified by
a URI.
 You can use various methods of this class, such as GetAsync, PostAsync,
PutAsync, and DeleteAsync, to perform CRUD operations on the web
service.
 You can also use helper methods, such as ReadAsJsonAsync,
PostAsJsonAsync, and PutAsJsonAsync, to work with JSON data
 Using WebRequest and WebResponse classes: These classes provide an
abstract base class and an interface for making requests and receiving
responses from a web service.
 You can use the Create method of the WebRequest class to create a
request object for a specific URI and protocol. You can then set
the properties and headers of the request object, such as Method,
ContentType, ContentLength, and Credentials.
 You can also write data to the request stream by using the
GetRequestStream method. To get the response from the web service,
you can use the GetResponse method of the request object, which
returns a WebResponse object.
 You can then read data from the response stream by using the
GetResponseStream method

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24.Explain FileUpload control with example.

 FileUpload Control:
The FileUpload control is a common feature in web development frameworks,
including ASP.NET. It allows users to select and upload files from their local
devices to a web server. Here's an example of using the FileUpload control in an
ASP.NET web form:
asp
<asp:FileUpload ID="fileUploadControl" runat="server" />
<asp:Button ID="uploadButton" runat="server" Text="Upload File"
OnClick="UploadFile" />
In the code-behind (C# or VB.NET), you would handle the file upload process
in the `UploadFile` method:
csharp
protected void UploadFile(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (fileUploadControl.HasFile)
{
string fileName = Path.GetFileName(fileUploadControl.FileName);
string filePath = Server.MapPath("~/Uploads/") + fileName;
fileUploadControl.SaveAs(filePath);
// Perform actions on the uploaded file here
}
}

25.Write a note on user profile.

 USER PROFILE:
 User profile in ASP.NET is a feature that allows you to store and retrieve
user-specific information for your web application. You can use user
profile to customize the user experience, such as remembering their
preferences, settings, or personal data. User profile can also be used to

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 ASP.NET
track the user’s activity, such as the last visit time, the number of visits, or
the pages viewed.
To use user profile in ASP.NET, you need to do the following steps:
 Configure the profile provider in the web.config file. The profile provider
is responsible for storing and retrieving the user profile data from a
persistent source, such as a database or a file system. You can use the
default SqlProfileProvider or create your own custom profile provider.
 Define the user profile properties in the web.config file. The user profile
properties are the attributes that you want to store for each user, such as
name, email, age, gender, etc. You can specify the data type, default
value, and serialization mode for each property. You can also group the
properties into profiles for different types of users.
 Access and modify the user profile data in your code. You can use the
Profile object to get or set the values of the user profile properties. The
Profile object is available in any page or class that inherits from Page or
UserControl. You can also use the ProfileManager class to perform bulk
operations on user profiles, such as deleting, migrating, or finding profiles.
26.Explain global.asax file in detail. OR write a note on global
application class.
 Global.asax File:
 The `Global.asax` file is a special file in ASP.NET that serves as the Global
Application Class.
 It contains application-level events and code that are executed during the
application's lifecycle. Some of the key events in the `Global.asax` file
include `Application_Start`, `Application_End`, `Session_Start`, and
`Session_End`.
 You can use these events to perform tasks like initializing application-wide
settings, handling errors, and managing session data.
 In ASP.NET, the "global.aspx" file, also known as the Global Application
Class file, is a special file used to define and handle global application-level
events and settings. It serves as a central location for managing
application-wide configurations, authentication, and event handling.
Here are some key points about the "global.aspx" file:
 Global.asax File: The file is named "Global.asax" and is typically located in
the root directory of an ASP.NET web application. It has a code-behind file
called "Global.asax.cs" where you write the server-side code to handle
events.

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 ASP.NET

 Application Events: The primary purpose of the Global.asax file is to

define and handle application-level events. These events include
Application_Start, Application_End, Session_Start, Session_End, and
various error-handling events like Application_Error.
 Application Lifecycle: Global.asax allows you to hook into the
application's lifecycle events. For example, Application_Start is triggered
when the application first starts, and Application_End is triggered when
the application is unloaded.
 Session Events: You can also use Global.asax to track session-related
events. Session_Start occurs when a new user session is initiated, and
Session_End occurs when a session ends, typically due to user inactivity.
 Error Handling: Global.asax is valuable for global error handling.
Application_Error can be used to catch unhandled exceptions and
implement custom error logging or redirection logic.
 Application Settings: You can define application-level variables or settings
in Global.asax, making them accessible throughout the application.
 Security and Authentication: Global.asax can be used to handle
authentication and authorization logic at the application level, ensuring
consistency across the entire application.
27.List out state management techniques.Explain cookie in detail.
 Client-Side State Management techniques are:
1. View State
2. Hidden Fields
3. Cookies
4. Query Strings
 "A cookie is a small file capable of storing user information". cookies do not
use server memory. "A small text file created by the client's browser and
stored on the client hard disk by the browser is called Cookie".
System.Web.HttpCookie namespace is required to create and access cookies
in ASP.NET web applications
 When the next time the user makes a request for the same site for the same
or another page, the browser checks for cookie for that site in the folder. If
the cookie already exists it sends a request with the same cookie, else that
request is considered as a new request.
 It is clear text so user is able read it. It helps us to store user preference
information like like Username, Password,City and PhoneNo etc on the client

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 ASP.NET
machine. It is easy way to maintain user's information. Cookies are Fast
accessing.
28.Write a note on exception handling.justify Exception handling
play major role to improve quality of software.
 Exception Handling:
Exception handling is a crucial aspect of software development that involves
dealing with unexpected or exceptional situations that may arise during the
execution of a program. Exception handling improves software quality in several
ways:
 Robustness: Properly handling exceptions makes your software more
robust and resilient to unexpected errors. It prevents crashes and
provides graceful error recovery mechanisms.
 Debugging: Exception information helps developers identify and diagnose
issues during development and testing, making it easier to fix problems.
 User Experience: Handling exceptions gracefully provides a better user
experience by displaying helpful error messages and preventing
application crashes.

29.Explain session in detail.

 Session The time duration for which the user interacts with the web
application is called session". In ASP.NET session is a state that is used to
store and retrieve values of a user. In ASP.NET, Session is the instance of
HttpSessionState Class.
 The server maintains the state of user's information by using a session ID.
When user makes a request without a session ID, ASP.NET first creates a
session ID and then sends it with every request and response to and for the
same user.
 There are 2 types of events available in ASP.NET. We can handle both
sessions in a global.asax file.
1. Session_Start(): When the new session is initialized then the session_start
event is invoked.
2. Session_end(): When the session is expires then the Session_End event is
invoked.
The session is stored in the following for ways in ASP.NET.
1. InProcMode: It is a default session mode and a value store in web server
memory (11S). In this the session values are stored with server start and
it ends when the server is restarted.

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 ASP.NET
2. State Server Mode: In this mode session data is stored in separate server.
3. SQL Server Mode: In this session is stored in the database. It is a secure
mode.
4. Custom Mode: Generally, session data is stored in InProc, Sql Server,
State server, etc. but ASP.NET allows session data to be stored with other
new techniques developed by developer also.
30.Difference between HTML Server controls and Web Server
Controls.
 Html Server: The HTML server controls are basically the standard HTML
controls enhanced to enable server side processing.
 The HTML controls such as the header tags, anchor tags, and input
elements are not processed by the server but are sent to the browser for
display
 hey are specifically converted to a server control by adding the attribute
runat="server" and adding an id attribute to make them available for
server-side processing.
 For example, consider the HTML input control: <input type="text"
size="40"> It could be converted to a server control, by adding the runat
and id attribute: < input type="text" ld="testtext" size="40" runat="server">
 Advantages of using HTML Server Controls: Although ASP.NET server
controls can perform every job accomplished by the HTML server controls,
the later controls are useful in the following cases:
 Using static tables for layout purposes.
 Converting a HTML page to run under ASP.NET
31.What is CSS? Discuss how CSS is more powerful than HTML (5)
formatting .
 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):
 CSS is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation and
formatting of web documents, including HTML. It is more powerful than
HTML in terms of formatting because:
- Separation of Concerns: CSS separates the content (HTML) from the
presentation (styling). This makes it easier to maintain and update the
appearance of a website without changing the underlying content.
- Reusability: CSS allows you to define styles once and apply them to
multiple elements or pages, promoting code reusability.
- Control: CSS offers fine-grained control over the layout, colors, fonts,
and other aspects of a webpage, enabling precise and consistent
styling.
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 ASP.NET
- Media Queries:CSS allows responsive design by using media queries to
adapt styles based on the device or screen size.

32.What is advantage of validation control? List validation controls

and Explain range validator and regular expression validator in
detail.
 Validation Controls in ASP.NET:
 Validation controls in ASP.NET are used to validate user input on web
forms. Some common validation controls include:
 RequiredFieldValidator:Ensures that a field is not empty.
 RangeValidator: Validates that a value falls within a specified range.
 RegularExpressionValidator:Uses a regular expression pattern to validate
input.
 CompareValidator: Compares the input value to another value or a
control's value.
 RangeValidator: This control checks if the input falls within a specified
numeric or date range. For example:
asp
<asp:RangeValidator ID="rangeValidator" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="TextBox1"
Type="Integer" MinimumValue="1" MaximumValue="100"
ErrorMessage="Value must be between 1 and 100." />

33.List types of control used to create ASP .NET page. Explain

TreeView control in detail.
 ASP.NET provides various controls that can be used to create web pages.
Here are some types of controls commonly used:
1. HTML Controls: Basic HTML elements like buttons, textboxes, and
checkboxes can be used in ASP.NET pages. They are lightweight and
easy to work with.

2. Web Controls: These controls are specifically designed for web

development and offer more functionality than HTML controls.
Examples include GridView, DropDownList, and Calendar controls.

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 ASP.NET
3. Validation Controls: ASP.NET provides validation controls like
RequiredFieldValidator and RegularExpressionValidator to validate
user input easily.
4. Data Controls: These controls, such as Repeater and DataGrid, help in
displaying data from various sources like databases.
5. User Controls: User controls are custom controls created by
developers that can be reused across multiple pages.
6. AJAX Controls : ASP.NET AJAX controls enable you to build
responsive and interactive web applications.
7. Login Controls: These controls, like Login and PasswordRecovery,
simplify user authentication and password management.
Now, let's explain the TreeView control in detail:
TreeView Control:
The TreeView control in ASP.NET is used to display hierarchical data in a
tree-like structure, much like the folder structure in Windows Explorer. It's
particularly useful for representing categories, organizational structures, or
any data with a parent-child relationship.
Here are its key features and properties:
- Nodes: The TreeView consists of nodes, each representing an item in the
hierarchy. You can add nodes manually in the markup or programmatically
in code-behind.
- Hierarchical Structure: Nodes can have child nodes, creating a hierarchical
structure. This is ideal for displaying parent-child relationships.
- Templates: You can customize the appearance of nodes using templates for
various states such as normal, selected, and expanded.
- Data Binding: You can bind the TreeView to data sources like XML,
databases, or object collections. This allows dynamic population of the tree.
- Expand/Collapse: Users can expand and collapse nodes to navigate through
the hierarchy.
- Client-Side Events: You can handle client-side events for user interactions
like node selection or expansion without postbacks, improving
performance.
34.What are the advantages of themes over CSS. Explain various
ways to apply skin file.
 Theme: They are skin template that allows you to define the look of pages
and controls, which can then be applied to all the pages in your

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 ASP.NET
application to provide consistent look for your application. It applies to any
Server control. It is used to set Height, width, Forecolor, backcolor, bordercolor
of any asp.net server controls
 Applies to all the server controls
 Is applied on the server rather than in the browser
 But we cannot apply multiple themes to a single page. Only one theme
we can apply for a single page.
 But themes does not support cascading
 For property values defined in a theme, the theme property overrides the
property values declaratively set on a control, unless the
StyleSheetTheme property is explicitly defined.
 Can be applied through Configuration Files.
 All theme and Skin files should be placed in a special Asp.net folder called
the "ApP_Themes in order for the themes to work and behave normally.
 Each theme should be associated with at least one Skin file.
 But a theme can define multiple properties of a control not just style
properties such as we can specify the graphies property for a control,
template layout of a GridView control etc.
There are two types of control skins, default skins and named skin:
 A default skin automatically applies to all controls of the same type when
a theme is applied to a page. A control skin is a default skin if it does not
have a SkiniD attribute. For example, if you create a defalt skin for a
Calendar control, the control skin applies to ll Calendar controls on pages
that use the theme. (Default skins are matched exactly by control type, so
that a Button control skin applies to all Button controls, but not to
LinkButton controls or to controls that derive from the Button object.
 A named skin is a control skin with a SkinlD property set. Named skins do
not automatically apply to controls by type. Instead, you explicitly apply a
named skin to a control by setting the control's SkinlD property. Creating
named skins allows you to set different skins for different instances of the
same control in an application.
35.Differentiate between DataSet and DataReader. Explain Read()
method of DataReader with example.
 DataSet vs. DataReader:
- DataSet: It's an in-memory, disconnected representation of data retrieved
from a database. It allows for data manipulation and can store multiple
tables. It's suitable for situations where data needs to be manipulated
extensively.

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- DataReader: It's a forward-only, read-only stream of data retrieved from a

database. It's more efficient than a DataSet when reading data sequentially.
It's suitable for scenarios where you need to quickly read and process data,
but not modify it.
The `Read()` method of a DataReader is used to advance the reader to the next
record in the result set. Here's an example:
csharp
SqlDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
// Access data using reader["columnName"]
}
reader.Close();

36.Write a note on ADO.NET architecture.

 The two core components of ADO.NET which are used to access and
manipulate data are:
1. NET Framework Data Provider.
2. Data Set.
The ADO.NET architecture is based on a few key components, such as:
 Connection: This component is used to establish a connection between
the .NET application and the data source. It requires a connection string
that specifies the location and the credentials of the data source.
Different types of connection classes are available for different data
sources, such as SqlConnection, OracleConnection, OleDbConnection,
etc.
 Command: This component is used to execute commands or queries on
the data source. It requires a connection object and a command text that
contains the SQL statement or the stored procedure name. Different
types of command classes are available for different data sources, such as
SqlCommand, OracleCommand, OleDbCommand, etc.
 DataReader: This component is used to read data from the data source in
a fast and forward-only manner. It requires a command object and an

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open connection object. It returns a stream of data that can be accessed
by using methods and properties, such as Read, NextResult, GetOrdinal,
GetName, GetValue, etc.
 DataAdapter: This component is used to transfer data between the data
source and the DataSet object. It requires a connection object and one or
more command objects for performing select, insert, update, and delete
operations. It uses methods such as Fill and Update to populate and
modify the DataSet object.
 DataSet: This component is used to store data in memory in a
disconnected and relational manner. It consists of DataTables,
DataColumns, DataRows, DataRelations, and Constraints that represent
the structure and the content of the data. It can be filled by using a
DataAdapter or by using methods such as ReadXml and WriteXml. It can
also be bound to various controls for displaying or editing data.
 DataView: This component is used to sort, filter, or search data in a
DataTable or a DataSet. It provides a customized view of the data without
modifying the original data. It can also be bound to various controls for
displaying or editing data.
37.Differentiate between error and exception. Explain block level
exception handling .
 Error vs. Exception:
 Error: Errors are typically low-level issues that can lead to program crashes
or unexpected behavior. They often indicate serious problems like memory
exhaustion or hardware failures.
 Exception: Exceptions are higher-level events that can be caught, handled,
and gracefully managed within the program. They represent situations where
the program can continue running but may need to take specific actions to
recover or report the issue.
 Block-Level Exception Handling: This refers to catching and handling
exceptions at a specific block of code within the program. It allows you to
isolate error-handling logic to specific sections where exceptions are likely to
occur, enhancing code maintainability and robustness
38.Write a note on command builder.
 A command builder is a class in the ADO.NET that helps developers
automatically generate SQL statements for updating, inserting, and deleting
data in a database. It is used in conjunction with a data adapter to
synchronize data between a Dataset and a database.

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 To use a command builder, you first need to create a new instance of the
command builder class and associate it with a data adapter. You can then use
the command builder's methods to generate the SQL statements for the
desired operations.
The following are the steps on how to use a command builder in ASP.NET

 Create a new instance of the command builder class.

 Associate the command builder with a data adapter.
 Use the command builder's methods to generate the SQL statements for the
desired operations.
 Execute the SQL statements using the data adapter.
Here is an example of how to use a command builder in ASP.NET
Dim commandBuilder As New SqlCommandBuilder(myDataAdapter)
Dim insertCommand As SqlCommand =
commandBuilder.GetInsertCommand()
insertCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ProductID", productID)
insertCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@ProductName",
productName)
insertCommand.Parameters.AddWithValue("@QuantityInStock",
quantityInStock)
myDataAdapter.Update(insertCommand)
Here are some of the benefits of using a command builder:
 It can save time and effort by automating the generation of SQL statements.
 It can help to ensure that the SQL statements are compatible with the data
adapter.
 It can help to prevent errors in SQL statements.
Here are some of the drawbacks of using a command builder:
 The command builder may not always generate the most efficient SQL
statements.
 The command builder can be inflexible in some cases.
 The command builder can be difficult to use in complex scenarios.
39.Explain page processing sequence of ASP .NET web page.
 The page processing sequence of an ASP.NET web page is as follows:

 Start stage: The page properties such as Request and Response are set. At
this stage, the page also determines whether the request is a post back or a
new request and sets the Is PostBack property. The page also sets the
UICulture property.

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 Init stage: The page is initialized and the controls on the page are
instantiated. A master page and themes are also applied to the page if
applicable.
 InitComplete stage: This stage is executed after the Init stage and before the
Load stage. This stage is typically used to initialize custom controls or perform
other tasks that need to be done before the controls are loaded.
 Load stage: The controls on the page are loaded and their properties are set.
The view state is restored if it is available.
 PostBack stage: This stage is executed when the page is posted back to the
server. This happens when the user submits a form or clicks a button.
 LoadComplete stage: This stage is executed after the PostBack stage and
before the PreRender stage. This stage is typically used to perform tasks that
need to be done after the controls are loaded but before the page is
rendered.
 PreRender stage: This stage is executed before the page is rendered to the
client. This stage is typically used to perform tasks such as validating the form
data or setting the values of the controls.
 Render stage: The page is rendered to the client.
 Unload stage: The page is unloaded from memory.
o The page processing sequence can be affected by the following factors:
o The type of request (postback or new request)
o The presence of custom controls
o The use of view state
o The use of master pages
It is important to understand the page processing sequence in order to write
code that works correctly at the appropriate stage of the page life cycle.
40.Differentiate between client side and server side validation.
Explain range and regular expression validator in detail.
 Client-side validation is done in the user's browser using JavaScript. It is
performed before the form data is sent to the server, so it can provide a
quick and immediate feedback to the user. However, it is not as secure as
server-side validation because the user can disable or change the JavaScript
code.

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 Server-side validation is done on the server side using code written in
VB.NET. It is performed after the form data is sent to the server, so it can be
more secure. However, it is slower than client-side validation because it
requires an additional round trip to the server.
Here are the details of range and regular expression validators in ASP.NET:
 Range validator is used to validate the value of a control to be within a
specified range. For example, you can use a range validator to ensure that
the value of a textbox is between 1 and 100.Regular expression validator is
used to validate the value of a control against a regular expression.
 A regular expression is a pattern that can be used to match text. For
example, you can use a regular expression validator to ensure that the
value of a textbox is a valid email address.
To use a range or regular expression validator in ASP.NET, you can add the
appropriate validation control to the form. For example, the following code
shows how to add a range validator to a textbox:
<asp:TextBox ID="txtNumber" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
<asp:RangeValidator ID="valNumber" ControlToValidate="txtNumber"
MinimumValue="1" MaximumValue="100" ErrorMessage="The value must be
between 1 and 100." runat="server"></asp:RangeValidator>
 The MinimumValue and MaximumValue properties of the RangeValidator
control specify the range of values that are allowed. The ErrorMessage
property specifies the error message that is displayed if the value is not
within the range.
 To use a regular expression validator, you can use the
RegularExpressionValidator control. The ValidationExpression property of
the RegularExpressionValidator control specifies the regular expression that
is used to validate the value. The ErrorMessage property specifies the error
message that is displayed if the value does not match the regular expression.
Here are some of the benefits of using client-side validation:
 It can provide a quick and immediate feedback to the user.
 It can improve the user experience by preventing the user from
submitting invalid data.
 It can reduce the load on the server by validating the form data before it
is sent to the server.
Here are some of the benefits of using server-side validation:
 It is more secure than client-side validation because the user cannot
disable or change the code.

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 It can be used to validate data that cannot be easily validated on the client
side, such as data that is stored in a database
41.Explain with example DataAdapter.
 DataAdapter is a class in the ADO.NET that is used to fill and update data
between a DataSet and a data source. It is a bridge between a DataSet
and a data source.
The DataAdapter has two main methods:

 Fill(): This method is used to fill a DataSet with data from a data source.
 Update(): This method is used to update a data source with data from a
DataSet.
To use a DataAdapter, you first need to create a new instance of the
DataAdapter class and associate it with a DataSet and a data source. You can
then use the Fill() or Update() method to fill or update the DataSet.
For example:
Dim dataAdapter As New SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Products",
connectionString)
Dim dataSet As New DataSet()
dataAdapter.Fill(dataSet)
' Do something with the data in the DataSet
dataAdapter.Update(dataSet)
In this example, we first create a new instance of the SqlDataAdapter class and
specify the SQL SELECT statement that is used to fill the DataSet. We then create
a new instance of the DataSet class and associate it with the DataAdapter object.
We then use the Fill() method to fill the DataSet with data from the data source.
Finally, we use the Update() method to update the data source with changes
made to the DataSet.
Here are some of the benefits of using a DataAdapter:

 It can be used to connect to a variety of data sources, such as SQL Server,

Oracle, and MySQL.
 It can be used to perform both read and write operations on the data
source.
 It can be used to handle transactions, which ensures that the data is
always consistent.
Here are some of the drawbacks of using a DataAdapter:
 It can be complex to use, especially for complex data operations.
 It can be slow for large datasets.
 It can be difficult to debug.

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42.Write a note on navigation controls.

 Navigation controls are very important for websites. Navigation controls
are basically used to navigate the user through webpage .It is more
helpful for making the navigation of pages easier .There are three
controls in ASP.NET ,Which are used for Navigation on the webpage
1. Pointer
2. TreeView control
3. Menu Control
4. SiteMapPath control
 Pointer: It is just a pointer. If we drag any other control on form it causes to
create that control on form but pointer does not create any control on
form. In other word we can say, we select it for to ignore any other selected
control.

 Menu: This control is used to create one or more MenuItems typically

organized into different levels of a hierarchy. In this each MenuItem
consists of properties that determine the look and feel of the MenuItem
like text, navigateURL etc. Using CSS we can make this menu dynamic or
cool look.

Properties of Menu Control:

 DataSourceID: This property is used to specify the data source to be used
using sitemap file as data source.
 CssClass: This property is used to specify the CSS class attribute for the
control.
 ImgeUrl: This property is used to specify the image that appear next to the
menu item.
 Orientation: This property is used to specify the alignment of menu control.
It can be horizontal or vertical.
 Tooltip: This property is used to specify the tooltip of the menu item when
you mouse over.
 Text: This property is used to specify the text to display in the menu.
 NavigateUrl: This property is used to specify the target location to send the
user when menu item is clicked.

 Target: This property is used to specify the target page location. It can be in
new window or same window.
 Value: This property is used to specify the unique id to use in server side
events.

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 SiteMapPath: This control is used to displays a list of links representing the

user's current page and the hierarchal path back to the root of the web
application. In other word SiteMapPath is a way to present all folders and
pages of the website. sitemap extension .<sitemap> element is the root
node of the sitemap file.
It has three attributes:
 Title: It provides textual description of the link.
 URL: It provides the location of the valid physical file.
 Description: It is used for tooltip of the link.
Properties of SiteMapPath Control:
 PathSeparator: This property is to get or set the out separator text.
 NodeStyle: This property is used to set the style of all nodes that will be
displayed.
 RootNodeStyle: This property is used to set the style on the absolute root
node.
 PathDirection: This property is used to set the direction of the links
generated in the output.
 CurrentNodeStyle: This property is used to set the style on node that
represent the current page.
 ShowToolTips: This property is used to set the tooltip for the control.
Default value is true.
 PathSeparatorStyle: This property ja used to set the style of path separator

 TreeView: This control is used to display the item in tree view format. We
can expand and collapse the data list using tree root +/- sign.

Properties of TreeView Control:

 DataSourceID: This property is used to specify the data source to be

used using sitemap file s data source.
 ShowLines: This property is used to specify the lines to connect the
individual item in the tree.
 CssClass: This property is used to specify the CSS class attribute for the
control.
 ExpandDepth: This property is used to specify the level at which items in
the tree are expanded.

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43.Write a note on login control.

 The Login Controls:- There are following Login controls developed by the
Microsoft which are used in ASP.NET Website as given below:-
1. Login
2. LoginView
3. LoginStatus
4. Loginname
5. PasswordRecovery
6. ChangePassword
7. CreateUserWizard

1.) The Login Control:-

The Login control provides a user interface which contains username and
password, that authenticate the username and password and grant the access
to the desired services on the basis of the credentials. There are used some
methods ,properties and events in this Login control, You can check manually
after drag and drop this control on your web form .
2.) The LoginView Control:-
The LoginView Control is a web server control ,Which is used to display two
different views of a web page of any website , dependending on whether the
any user has logged on to a web page as anonymous user or registered user .If
the user is authenticated,the control displays the appropriate to the person with
the help of the following views template.
Anonymous Template :- This template (default of all) will be displayed when any
user just open the web page but not logged in.
LoggedInTemplate:- This Template (page)will be displayed when the user in
logged in.
RoleGroups:- This template will be displayed when user logged in, that is the
member of the specific role (defined role group).

3.) The LoginStatus Control :- The Login Status control specifies whether a
particular user has logged on the website or not . When the user is not logged
in, this control display the Login text as a hyperlink When the user is logged in,
this control display the logout text as a hyperlink. To do this, Login Status control
uses the authentication section of the web.config file. This control provides the
following two views:-
1. LoggedIn --> It will be displayed, when the user is not Logged In.
2. Logout --> It will be displayed when the user is Logged In.

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4.) The LoginName Control :-

The LoginName Control is responsible for display the names of all the
authenticated users.If no users id logged in ,then this control is not displayed on
the page. This control uses the page .User.Identity.Name namespace to return
the value for the user's name.

5.) Passwordrecovery Control:-

The Passwordrecovery control is used to recover or reset the forgotten
password of a user . This control does not display the password on the
browser,but it sends the password to the respective email address whatever you
have specified at the time of registration. This control has included three views
as given below:-
1. UserName :- It refers to the view that accepts the username of a user.
2. Question :- It accepts the security questions asked from the users.
3. Success :- It display a message to the user that retrieved password has
been set to the user.

6. ) CreateUserWizard control:-
This control uses the membership service to create a new user in the
membership data store. The CreateUserWizard control is provides by the
CreateUserWizard class and can be customized by using template and style
properties .Using this control any user can easily create an account and login to
the web page
7.) The ChangePassword Control:-
Using this control, user can easily change your existing password (old password)
on the ASP.NET Website. This control prompts uses to provide the current
password first and then set the new password first and then set the new
password. If the old password is not correct then new password can't be set.
This is also helps to send the email to the respective users about the new
password.This control is used ChangePassword class.

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