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1. What is the difference between C and C++?

Answer:

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2. What are classes and objects in C++? Get free mentorship
from experts?

Answer:
A class is like a blueprint of an object. It is a user-defined data type with data
members and member functions and is defined with the keyword class.

You define objects as an instance of a class. Once it creates the object, then it
can operate on both data members and member functions.

3. What are access modifiers?

Answer:
You use access modifiers to define accessibility for the class members. It defines
how to access the members of the class outside the class scope.

There are three types of access modifiers:

Private
Public
Protected

4. Difference between equal to (==) and assignment operator(=)?

Answer:
The equal to operator == checks whether two values are equal or not. If equal,
then it’s true; otherwise, it will return false. The assignment operator = allots the
value of the right-side expression to the left operand.
5. What is the difference between a while loop
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Answer:

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6. What is the size of the int data type?
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4 bytes, the integer data type is 4 bytes.

7. Which among the following operators cannot be overloaded?

Options:
a. -
b. +
c. ?:
d. %

Answer:
c - ?: operator cannot be overloaded because it is not syntactically possible.

8. What among these is used to return the number of characters

in the string?

Options:
a. Size
b. Length
c. Both size and length
d. Name

Answer:
Both size and length are used to return the number of characters in the string.

9. Discuss the difference between prefix and postfix?

Answer:
In prefix (++i), first, it increments the value, and then it assigns the value to
the expression.
In postfix (i++), it assigns the value to the expression, and then it
increments the variable's value
 10. Can you compile a program without Join WhatsApp Group for
the main function? Placement

Answer:
Yes, you can compile a program without the main function, but you
cannot run or execute the program because the main() function is
the entry point, from where all the execution begins.

11. What is std in C++?

Options:
a. std is a standard class in C++
b. std is a standard file reading header
c. std is a standard header file
d. std is a standard namespace

Answer:
std is a standard namespace in C++

12. What are the four different data types in C++

Answer:
Primitive/Basic: Char, int, short, float, double, long, bool, etc.

Derived: Array, pointer, etc.

Enumeration: Enum

User-defined: Structure, class, etc.

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13. How is struct different from class?
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Answer:

14. What do you understand about polymorphism in C++?

Answer:
The term polymorphism refers to the presence of multiple forms.
Polymorphism usually occurs when there is a hierarchy of classes that are
linked by inheritance.
C++ polymorphism means that depending on the type of object that
invokes the function, a different function will be executed.

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15. Compare compile time and runtime
polymorphism. Join WhatsApp Group for
Placement
Answer:

16. What is a constructor in C++?

Answer:
In C++, a function Object is a particular "MEMBER FUNCTION" that shares
the same
title as the class it belongs to and is used to initialize specific values to an
object's data members.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class student {
int no;
public:
student()
{
cout << "Enter the RollNo:";
cin >> rno;
}
 {
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cout << endl << rno << "\t"; YouTube!
}
};
int main()
{
student s; // constructor gets called automatically when
// we create the object of the class
s.display();
return 0;
}

17. What is a virtual function?

Answer:
A member function in the base class redefined in a derived class is a virtual
function. It is declared using the virtual keyword. It ensures that the correct
function is called for an object, irrespective of the type of reference/pointer used
for the function call. Virtual functions are mainly used for runtime polymorphism.

18. What do you understand about friend class and

friend function?
Answer:
Like a friend function, a friend class can access personal and guarded variables of
the type in which it is declared. All member functions for classes specified as
friends to another class are friend functions for the friend class.

19. What are the three different types of C++ access specifiers?

Answer:
Public: All member functions and data members are accessible outside
the class.
Protected: All member functions and data members are accessible within
the class and to the derived class.
Private: All member functions and data members cannot be accessed
outside the class.
 20. What is an abstraction in C++? Join WhatsApp Group for
Placement
Answer:
Abstraction means displaying the essential details to the user
while hiding the irrelevant or particular details that you don’t
want to show to a user. It is of two types:
Control abstraction
Data abstraction

21. What are destructors in C++?

Answer:
A destructor member function is instantly called when an object exits its
scope or is specifically deleted by a call to delete.
class X {
public:
// Constructor for class X
X();
// Destructor for class X
~X();
};

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22. Is it possible to overload a destructor? Get free mentorship

Give reasons for your answer. from experts?

Answer:
No, it is impossible as destructors do not take arguments or return anything.
There has to be only one empty destructor per class. It should have a void
parameter list.

23. What is an abstract class? When is it used?

Answer:
An abstract class is a class whose objects cannot be created. It serves as a parent
for the derived classes. Placing a pure virtual function in the class makes it an
abstract class.

24. What do you understand about static members and static

member functions?
Answer:
A variable in a class declared as static has its space allocated for the lifetime of
the program. Regardless of the number of objects of that class created, there is
only a single copy of the static member. The same static member is accessible to
all the objects of that class.

A static member function can be called even if no class objects exist. It is

accessed using only the class name and the scope resolution operator (::).
Intermediate Level

25. What is the C++ OOPs concept? Join WhatsApp Group for
Placement

Answer:
Object
Class
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Encapsulation
Abstraction

Object: Anything that exists physically in the real world is called an object.

Class: The collection of objects is called class.

Inheritance: Properties of parent class inherited into child class is known as

inheritance.

Polymorphism: It is the ability to exist in more than one form.

Encapsulation: Binding of code and data together into a single unit.

Abstraction: Hiding internal details and showing functionality to the user.

26. When is void() return type used?

Answer:
You use the void() return type when you don’t want to return any value. It
specifies that the function doesn’t return a value. A function with a void return
type completes its task and then returns the control to the caller.
 27. What is call by value and call by reference in C++? Get free mentorship
from experts?

Answer:
In the call by value method, you pass the copies of actual parameters to the
function's formal parameters. This means if there is any change in the values
inside the function, then that change will not affect the actual values.

In the call-by-reference method, the reference or address of actual

parameters is sent to the function's formal parameters. This means any
change in values inside the function will be reflected in the actual values.

28. What is an inline function?

Answer:
An inline function when called expands in line. When you call this function, the
whole code of the inline function gets inserted or substituted at the inline
function call.

Syntax:
Inline return-type function-name(parameters)
{
}

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29. What are pointers in C++? Follow us on Instagram

Answer:
Pointers are the variables that store the memory address of
another variable. The type of the variable must correspond with
the type of pointer.

Syntax: type *name

30. What is a scope resolution operator?

Answer:
A scope resolution operator is represented as ::
This operator is used to associate function definition to a particular class.
The scope operator is used for the following purposes:
To access a global variable when you have a local variable with the same name.
To define a function outside the class.

31. What should be the output of the following C++ program?

Options: Get free mentorship
from experts?
a. 01
b. 02
c. 012
d. 011

Answer:
012, the value of i is 0 and i % 5 is equal to 0, so x is displayed and incremented
and i is also incremented, then 1 % 5 is not zero, so the condition is not met.
Similarly, the process will repeat till 4 % 5 because 5 % 5 is zero. So the value of x
is one and gets incremented to two. Then, the process will repeat for 6,7,8,9, but
10 % 10 will be zero again, and the value of x is printed, which is 2.

32. What is a constructor?

Answer:
A constructor is defined as a member function that is invoked whenever you
create an object; it has the same name as that of the class.
There are three types of constructors:
Default constructor: This auto-generated constructor doesn’t take any
arguments.
Parameterized constructor: In this constructor, it can pass arguments.
Copy Constructor: We can copy one object to another.

33. Define operator overloading and function overloading.

Answer:
An example of compile-time polymorphism is operator overloading. It is the concept of
modifying an existing C++ operator without altering its original meaning.
Let us take an example for this :

class A
{
};
int main()
{
A a1,a2,a3;
a3= a1 + a2;
return 0;
}
 34. How to input strings in C++ with spaces? Join WhatsApp Group for
Placement

Answer:

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35. Discuss the difference between new and malloc.

Answer:

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from experts?

36. What is operator overloading?

Answer:
Operator overloading is a mechanism in which a special meaning is given to an
operator.
For example, you can overload the ‘+’ operator in a class-like string to
concatenate two strings by only using ‘+.’

37. What is the output of the below C++ program?

Answer:
Options:
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Placement
a. 03
b. 08
c. 06
d. 02

Answer:
0 6.
In enum, the element's value is one greater than the previous element. The value
of blue is 0 by default, and the value of green is five, so the value of GREAT will
become six automatically.

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38. Which among the following statements is correct about the
program given below?

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from experts?

Options:
a. The output will be 7
b. The output will be 14
c. The output will be 0
d. The output will be 1

Answer:
Output will be 7. Pointer p has the memory address of x, and you display the
pointer with a dereference operator that will display the value 7.
39. Which among the following statements is correct about the
program given below?

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Options:
a. The output will be 245
b. The output will be 222
c. The output will be 4810
d. The output will be 4812

Answer:
Output will be 4810, because you are passing the references of the
function here.

40. What is a friend function?

Answer:
You can define a friend function as a function that can access private,
public and protect members of the class. You declare the friend
function with the help of the friend keyword. You declare this function
inside the class.
41. Which of the following will give the size of object or type?
Options:
a. sizeof
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b. malloc from experts?

c. realloc
d. calloc

Answer:
The sizeof operator is used to give the size of object or type

42. Which of the following is not a member of a class?

Options:
a. Static function
b. Virtual function
c. Const function
d. Friend function

Answer:
friend function is not a member of the class

43. What is STL?

Answer:
STL stands for standard template library. It is a library of container templates
that provide generic classes and functions.
STL components are containers, algorithms, iterators, and function objects.
Advanced Level
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44. How to write a program to check if a number is a

palindrome or not?
 45. What is a copy constructor? Get free mentorship
from experts?

Answer:
A copy function is a member function that uses another object from the same
class to initialize a new thing. A copy function is, to put it simply, a function that
produces an object by initializing it with a different object of the same class that
has already been constructed.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
Public:
int x;
A(int a) // parameterized constructor.
{
x=a;
}
A(A &i) // copy constructor
{
x = i.x;
}
};
int main()
{
A a1(20); // Calling the parameterized constructor.
A a2(a1); // Calling the copy constructor.
cout<<a2.x;
return 0;
}

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Technical skills
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Topic-wise questions in every test will help
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46. Write a program to find the factorial of a number?
Answer: Join WhatsApp Group for
Placement

47. What is inheritance?

Answer:
Inheritance is the mechanism in which you can create a new class i.e. child
class from the existing class i.e. parent class. This child class is also known as a
derived class and the parent class is also called Base class.
48. What is Abstraction? Get free mentorship
from experts?

Answer:
Abstraction can be defined as a technique in which you only show
functionality to the user i.e., the details that you want the user to see,
hiding the internal details or implementation details.

49. What should be the output of the below code?

Options:
a. 5
b. 4
c. 7
d. 6

Answer:
6, Ternary operator is used, the value of a is less than b which violates
the condition that is why 6 is the answer.
50. How to find the frequency of a number in C++?
Answer:

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51. What should be the output of the below code?

 Options: Get free mentorship
from experts?
a. 1010
b. 1001
c. 11
d. 1000

Answer:
1010, the value of j is incremented to 11, then j value is added to 100 but not
assigned, and at last the value of j i.e 11 is added to 999 which gives us 1010.

52. What should be the correct statement about string

objects in C++?
Options:
a. String objects should necessarily be terminated by a null character
b. String objects have a static size
c. String objects have a dynamic size
d. String objects use extra memory than required

Answer:
String objects have a dynamic size.

53. How is a shallow copy different from a deep copy?

Answer:

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54. How are virtual functions different from pure
virtual functions?
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Answer: Placement

A virtual function is a base class member function that a

derived class can modify. A member function of a base class
that is a pure virtual function must be defined in the derived
type; otherwise, the derived class will become abstract as well.

55. Class D is derived from a base class B. If creating an object

of type D, what order will the constructors of these classes
get called?

Answer:
The derived class consists of two parts: the base part and the derived
part. C++ constructs derived objects in phases. The process begins with
constructing the most-base class (at the top of the inheritance tree),
followed by each child class construction in order, and then the most-
child class. Thus, first, the Constructor of class B will be called, and then
the constructor of class D.

56. Can a virtual function be called from a constructor?

Answer:
A virtual process may be called a function Object, but exercise caution. It might perform
differently than expected. The virtual call mechanism in a function Object is disabled since
overriding from derived classes hasn't happened yet. Building blocks are used to create
objects, "base before derived."

class Dog{
void make(){
System.out.println("labrador");
}
}
public class Big extends Dog{
void make(){
System.out.println("Big Dog labrador ");
}
public static void main(String args[]){
Dog ob1 = new Big();
ob1.make();
}
}
57. What are void pointers? Get free mentorship
from experts?

Answer:
In C, a void pointer has no connection to any particular data type. It
designates a location for specific data within the storage. This indicates
that it is pointing to a variable's address. It also goes by the name
"general purpose pointer."

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a = 10;
char b = 'x';
void* p = &a; // void pointer holds address of int 'a'
p = &b; // void pointer holds address of char 'b'
}

58. How would you deallocate and allocate

memory in C++?
Answer:
The heap is used in C++ to allocate dynamic memory,
and these functions are part of the standard library. Malloc()
and free are the two important dynamic memory operations ().
The size of the desired memory area in bytes is the only parameter
accepted by the malloc() function.

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
int main() {
char *user;
user = (char *) malloc(25);
strcpy(user, "Jane_Eyre");
cout << "User Name = " << user << " " << &user << endl;
free(user);

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