Internet Of Things

(7CS4-01)
Unit-5. Case Study Of IoT Applications

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

(Rajasthan Technical University, KOTA)
IoT Applications:

• IoT applications in home, infrastructures, buildings, security,

Industries, Home appliances, other IoT electronic equipment’s.
• Industry 4.0 concepts

Case Study:
Definition:
“A case study is a research strategy and an empirical inquiry that investigates a phenomenon
within its real-life context. Case studies are based on an in-depth investigation of a single
individual, group, or event to explore the causes of underlying principles”.

One of the most promising IoT use cases is creating smarter, more efficient cities. Public
energy grids can be optimized to balance workloads, predict energy surges, and distribute
energy more equitably to customers. Traffic lights could be synced using IoT to adapt to
traffic conditions in real-time.
IoT is the next step in the evolution of the internet and is being used in about everything
you can think of.

IoT Applications:
IoT applications promise to bring immense value into our lives. With newer wireless
networks, superior sensors and revolutionary computing capabilities, the Internet of
Things could be the next frontier in the race for its share of the wallet. IoT applications are
expected to equip billions of everyday objects with connectivity and intelligence. It is
already being deployed extensively, few applications of IoT:

Wearables
Smart Home Applications
Smart Buildings
Smart Infrastructure
Securities
Health Care
Smart Cities
Agriculture
Industrial Automation
IoT Applications: Smart Home, Smart Buildings,
and Infrastructure
IoT home automation is the ability to control domestic appliances by electronically
controlled internet-connected systems. It may include setting complex heating and lighting
systems in advance and setting alarms and home security controls, all connected by a central
hub and remote-controlled by a mobile app.

Figure. Smart Home Platform

The rise of Wi-Fi’s role in home automation has primarily come about due to the networked
nature of deployed electronics where electronic devices (TVs and AV receivers, mobile
devices, etc.) have started becoming part of the home IP network and due the increasing
rate of adoption of mobile computing devices (smartphones, tablets, etc.), see above Figure.

The networking aspects are bringing online streaming services or network playback, while
becoming a mean to control of the device functionality over the network. At the same time
mobile devices ensure that consumers have access to a portable ‘controller’ for the electronics
connected to the network. Both types of devices can be used as gateways for IoT applications.
In this context many companies are considering building platforms that
integrate the building automation with entertainment, healthcare monitoring, energy
monitoring and wireless sensor monitoring in the home and building environments.

IoT applications using sensors to collect information about the operating conditions
combined with cloud hosted analytics software that analyzes disparate data points will help
facility managers become far more proactive about managing buildings at peak efficiency.

Issues of building ownership (i.e., building owner, manager, or occupants) challenge

integration with questions such as who pays initial system cost and who collects the benefits
over time. A lack of collaboration between the subsectors of the building industry slows new
technology adoption and can vent new buildings from achieving energy, economic and
environmental performance targets.

Integration of cyber physical systems both within the building and with external entities,
such as the electrical grid, will require stakeholder cooperation to achieve true
interoperability. As in all sectors, maintaining security will be a critical challenge to
overcome.

Within this field of research, the exploitation of the potential of wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) to facilitate intelligent energy management in buildings, which increases occupant
comfort while reducing energy demand, is highly relevant.

In addition to the obvious economic and environmental gains from the introduction of such
intelligent energy management in buildings other positive effects will be achieved. Not least
of which is the simplification of building control; as placing monitoring, information
feedback equipment and control capabilities in a single location will make a buildings’ energy
management system easier to handle for the building owners, building managers,
maintenance crews and other users of the building. Using the Internet together with energy
management systems also offers an opportunity to access a building ‘energy information and
control systems from a laptop or a Smartphone placed anywhere in the world. This has a huge
potential for providing the managers, owners, and inhabitants of buildings with energy
consumption feedback and the ability to act on that information.
In the context of the future Internet of Things, Intelligent Building Management Systems can
be considered part of a much larger information system. This system is used by facilities
managers in buildings to manage energy use and energy procurement and to maintain
buildings systems. It is based on the infrastructure of the existing Intranets and the Internet,
and therefore utilizes the same standards as other IT devices. Within this context reductions in
the cost and reliability of WSNs are transforming building automation, by making the
maintenance of energy efficient healthy, productive work spaces in building increasingly cost
effective.

IoT Application in industries:

IoT in industry is a rapidly developing area. Numerous IoT research and application projects
have been done by universities or in joint industry- university consortia in recent years.

Internet of things (IoT) has become part of your daily life. The “things connected to the
internet” idea is continuously evolving in content, areas of applications, visions, and
technology. New real life and industrial projects have been done and joint future oriented
industry and government initiatives such as Industry 4.0 in Germany, have been started. Since
Industrial production is one of the world’s biggest economic factors one of the major
objectives of these initiatives is to bring the paradigms of the IoT to the factories enabling
them to cope with the challenges raised by popular megatrends.

The foremost megatrends relevant for factories are globalization, progressing technological
evolution, the dynamization of product life cycles, the aging work force, and the shortage of
resources. Central effects are the acceleration of innovation cycles and the increasing
customer demand for individualized mass produces with highest quality expectations. Within
the context of industrial production IoT projects and applications are developing in
manufacturing, supply chain, supervision and servicing.
A major question in all projects is about the value, the benefit such application can bring to
the user, to the owner or to society.

The value question is extremely pertinent in the industry: in the manufacturing industry entire
factory related processes, but also in industrial applications where it comes to ensure
operation of industrial installations and provide supervision, and improved life service. It is
the value which such applications bring which will determine their adoption, acceptance, and
wide use. However, this value is very difficult to quantify and prove, and it depends on
multiple aspects which are strongly application area dependent.

IoT applications form the value creation for industry and brings together expert opinions
from academia, research, and industry. The industrial application of IoT is multi- facetted and
each of the subsections in this paper will highlight an aspect related to industrial application,
discuss, or show a case or the evolution and potential of a specific technology from industry
application point of view. The paper is having a holistic manner to industrial challenges and
requirements. Also, it will refer to factory concepts and applications supported by IoT,
including processes and flows taking a view on related technologies and their evolution.

IoT applications benefit and value creation in an industrial environment may have its origin
in different aspects, depending on the application type. There is no value but “values” each
contributing to the total benefit such as:

o Value from visibility identification, location tracking

o Value form IoT-supported safety in hard industrial environments
o Value from right information providing or collecting
o Value form improved industrial operation and flows in industry
o Value from reduced production losses
o Value from reduced energy consumption
o Value from new type of processes made possible by IoT applications
o Value form new type of maintenance and lifetime approaches
o Value enabled by smart objects, connected aspects
o Value from sustainability.
Figure. View on very important and important perceived IoT technologies expected to bring value in

applications

The status and estimated potential of IoT applications is presented in figure considering three
major areas: supply chain, future industry/factory and over lifetime applications and activities
such as logistics, manufacturing, and service/maintenance. A strong potential and additional
application are expected in industry operation and industry lifetime applications including
lifetime service.

Figure. Status and estimated potential of IoT applications

IoT application requirements and capabilities:
The expectations toward IoT applications in industry are high. The capabilities they have to
offer are depending strongly on the industrial area and the concrete application. For example,
the environment where IoT application may be used may range from clean room condition
and normal ambient temperatures to heavy and dirty environment, locations with high
temperatures, areas with explosion risk, areas with metallic surroundings, and corrosive
environment on sea or underground.

A list of a set of industry related capabilities and requirements is presented below, without
claiming completeness. The list items are related to the IoT hardware, software and to
serviceability and management aspects. Comments have been added to all items to make the
requirement more specific. The IoT application capabilities for industrial application should
meet requirements such as:
 Security:
▪ IoT devices are connected to your desktop or laptop. Lack of security increases the
risk of your personal information leaking while the data is collected and
transmitted to the IoT device.

▪ IoT devices relate to a consumer network. This network is also connected with other
systems. So, if the IoT device contains any security vulnerabilities, it can be harmful
to the consumer’s network. This vulnerability can attack other systems and damage
them.

▪ Sometimes unauthorized people might exploit the security vulnerabilities to create

risks to physical safety.

Privacy Risks:
• In IoT, devices are interconnected with various hardware and software, so there are
obvious chances of sensitive information leaking through unauthorized manipulation.

• All the devices are transmitting the user’s personal information such as name,
address, date of birth, healthcare information, credit card detail and much more
without encryption.

Though there are security and privacy concerns with IoT, it adds values to our lives by
allowing us to manage our daily routine tasks remotely and automatically, and more
importantly, it is a game- changer for industries.
IOT Application Of Home Appliances:
Internet of Things is a technology that can connect to the internet without the influence of
people and send information collected to users through this internet network to which they
are connected. Devices in this dynamic are very common today. Many homes, companies and
even public organizations benefit from this technology. Used in smart home IoT home
appliances is also one of them.

A house must have smart devices to be smart. These smart devices are the building blocks
of today’s technology. So why are these devices and apps smart? First, these devices have
their own Internet. With this internet tool, users can receive information from the device.
With this internet connection, you can get a lot of information from your smart device. This
information which receives from smart devices makes safety for your living area.

Smart devices work with technological devices while making you and your home a more
secure space. The biggest hero of these technological devices is microprocessors.
microprocessors act as the brain for your smart device. There are sensors that allow your
smart devices to be classified according to their characteristics and detect the danger or
differences in your home.

There are many sensors classified by type. Motion sensors, light sensors, image detection,
and processing sensors are one of them. For example, if the position of your belonging’s
changes without your knowledge, there are motion sensors that can detect this position
change. The motion sensor detects the position change and sends you information about this.
Home Appliance in Internet of Things:
Smart home systems are integrated and enable you to play an active role in every part of your
home by surrounding your home. When you’re not at home, but your mind stays at home, it’s
behind you. With smart home systems, you can intervene in your home as if you are at home
and perform the necessary controls. In addition to these protection systems, smart home
appliances have been making human life easier since the day it was developed.

Smart Washing Machine:

It is very important to save time in daily life. we live in a period where we have to keep up.
that’s where technology comes in. You can access the developed smart washing machine on
your smartphone. you can monitor and control the process at the same time. This smart
washing machine can also dry your laundry with the control application.

Smart Refrigerator with Internet of Things:

Internet in this kitchen which makes life easier for you and your family in the kitchen. With
this internet connection, you can transmit a lot of information to your shopping list in the
weather. You can also view the inside of your refrigerator with its camera technology.

Shortest Way to Dry Hair:

This time it has infrared technology. With this technology, the device is created wirelessly.
Wireless shape so you can dry your hair without connecting the machine.
Smart Doorbell:

The most important thing in smart home applications is known to be secure and protected
home. With this smart doorbell designed for security, you can recognize people who come to
your home with high quality. The night also has infrared technology added to the smart bell.
This will also send the screen to you when it gets dark.

Smart Camera for Safe Home:

Control of your home is in your hands from every part. This smart camera sends records from
every part of your home to your smartphone with the Internet of Things technology. Research
on smart camera technology will continue for those who want a safe life.
Industry 4.0 Concepts:
Industry 4.0 refers to a new phase in the Industrial Revolution that focuses heavily on
interconnectivity, automation, machine learning, and real-time data. Industry 4.0, also
sometimes referred to as IIoT(Industrial Internet of Things) or smart manufacturing which
provides physical production and operations with smart digital technology, machine learning
and big data to create a more holistic and better connected ecosystem for companies that
focus on manufacturing and supply chain management.

While every company and organization operating today is different, they all face a common
challenge—the need for connectedness and access to real-time insights across processes,
partners, products, and people. That’s where Industry 4.0 comes into play.
Industry 4.0 is not just about investing in new technology and tools to improve manufacturing
efficiency but it’s about revolutionizing the way the entire business operates and grows.

Industry 4.0 refers to the use of automation and data exchange in manufacturing. According to
the Boston Consulting Group there are nine principal technologies that make up Industry 4.0:
Autonomous Robots, Simulation, Horizontal and Vertical System Integration, the Industrial
Internet of Things, Cybersecurity, The Cloud, Additive Manufacturing, Data and Analytics,
and Augmented Reality. These technologies are used to create a “smart factory” where
machines, systems, and humans communicate with each other in order to coordinate and
monitor progress along the assembly line. Networked devices provide sensor data and are
digitally controlled. The net effect is the ability to rapidly design, modify, create, and
customize things in the real world, while lowering costs and reacting to changes in consumer
preferences, demand, the supply chain and technology.

The goal is to enable autonomous decision-making processes, monitor assets and processes in
real-time, and enable equally real-time connected value creation networks through early
involvement of stakeholders, and vertical and horizontal integration.
 Figure: Nine Technologies of Industry 4.0

Today some companies have invested in a few of these technologies; predominantly the
traditional pillars of the third platform such as cloud and Big Data / Analytics and
increasingly in the Industrial Internet of Things from an integrated perspective and thus
overlapping with several of these “technologies” or maybe better: sets of technologies and
connected benefits.

Evolution of Industry 4.0

There are four distinct industrial revolutions that the world either has experienced or
continues to experience today.

1. The First Industrial Revolution

The first industrial revolution happened between the late 1700s and early 1800s. During this
period, manufacturing evolved from focusing on manual labor performed by people and
aided by work animals to a more optimized form of labor performed by people using water
and steam-powered engines and other types of machine tools.

2. The Second Industrial Revolution

In the early part of the 20th century, the world entered a second industrial revolution with the
introduction of steel and use of electricity in factories. The introduction of electricity enabled
manufacturers to increase efficiency and helped make factory machinery more mobile. It was
during this phase that mass production concepts like the assembly line were introduced to
boost productivity.

3. Third Industrial Revolution

Starting in the late 1950s, a third industrial revolution slowly began to emerge, as
manufacturers began incorporating more electronic and eventually computer technology into
their factories. During this period, manufacturers began experiencing a shift that put less
emphasis on analog and mechanical technology and more on digital technology and
automation software.

4. Fourth Industrial Revolution [Industry 4.0]

Fourth industrial revolution has emerged known as Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 takes the
emphasis on digital technology from recent decades to a whole new level with the help of
interconnectivity through the Internet of Things (IoT), access to real-time data, and the
introduction of cyber-physical systems. Industry 4.0 offers a more comprehensive,
interlinked, and holistic approach to manufacturing. It connects physical with digital, and
allows for better collaboration and access across departments, partners, vendors, product, and
people. An industry 4.0 empowers business owners to control and understand every aspect of
their operation and allows them to leverage instant data to boost productivity, improve
processes, and drive growth.
Industry 4.0 is often used interchangeably with the notion of the fourth industrial revolution. It is
characterized among others by

1) even more automation than in the third industrial revolution

2) the bridging of the physical and digital world through cyber-physical systems, enabled by
Industrial IoT

3) a shift from a central industrial control system to one where smart product define the
production steps

4) closed-loop data models and control systems and

5) personalization/customization of products.

Benefits of Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 spans the entire product life cycle and supply chain, design, sales, inventory,
scheduling, quality, engineering, and customer and field service. Everyone shares informed,
up-to-date, relevant views of production and business processes and much richer and more
timely analytics.

The essential goal of Industry 4.0 is to make manufacturing and related industries such as
logistics faster, more efficient and more customer-centric, while at the same time going
beyond automation and optimization and detect new business opportunities and models.
Most of the benefits of Industry 4.0 are obviously similar to the benefits of the digital
transformation of manufacturing, the usage of the IoT in manufacturing, operational and
business process optimization, information-powered ecosystems of value, digital
transformation overall, the Industrial Internet and many other topics on our website. Few of
the key benefits of Industry 4.0 are.

1. Enhanced productivity through optimization and automation

2. Real-time data for a real-time supply chain in a real-time economy

3. Higher business continuity through advanced maintenance and monitoring possibilities

4. Better quality products: real-time monitoring, IoT-enabled quality improvement and

robots

5. Better working conditions and sustainability

6. Personalization and customization for the ‘new’ consumer

7. Improved agility

8. The development of innovative capabilities and new revenue models

 ASSIGNMENT
Q1. Explain the application of IOT system in home automation.

Q2. Explain the application of IOT system in logistics field with

suitable example.

Q3. Write down the advantages of automated healthcare

equipment and the role of IOT in it.

Q4. Explain the working of IOT based irrigation system.

Q5. Draw a framework of Smart City and explain it in detail.