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Introduction To Instrumentation

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40 views138 pages

Introduction To Instrumentation

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mekinjemal999
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A 7B ECA EB) t= tbartep) Fass assume uhen combined errors in Nam hove hesaune BIBM and queers smegnstide « * lmbined rn worse passibie usps ¥ nt, i Hopren +4 dhe tuo Varabies penfecty corretaed .(nat tnaepende met), 2 tf varabie> are independant Lerner tn ane Variable wut Cancet éyvar tn others SOR avevege. enor in Z ete 1659 than hee Sun of erras ww 1s pers, hes AS whey we treat errer an tn Pathagericue thon 22 Viam24 aye - parts as perpendicuian and added 3 A= tak > p> tovty ARTA Pt Taal rman 2 £8 B B= Raat is tdea to generate generad wie Biseeerteg rag 6oG-D+ BSN eS ee -~ Wo MK io a AA Pong ls tape eae 2(2E,) cm» eo 4 i ops (Siem + (male + i) fa lv A) (oppts (saYinen*t (ator + oe mor ee we ] 3 | J _ J Wane faccrroatng \ FGuman teed fo ace Yeacling - ~Gosmyg.22 4. fhe Les oy tere cleutatiDn Gre Meron ss BawBng -enror ovr roo retires howe fre ff ratnesi- P2308 as ond By = VSR ESA 4 Fadect Volee » Crcuk Cow Re )ere Funan ge (WN) Lemiting Crm wrain spercenteFe " renege CSuchus ceeprlittort y SITIOS LOThDn oF Cereal “omits vr Hen usmmummeuds He, Ackanety & as Fa —soote frrtee Speceriel Values qummadee eres ore eer A fe maattude dpenvy tr exch vesksros. rg oe NSD” Cb) Ree DMR GO er Ohms aad. qsre3 ny on oken the restsacs Gee Comineckeck 1 HPSS ese ce Cponatenrg evvace tr Obes 0644 Me 3 ferent pileenuve vestiers ove commented aallel - 2 Le lw f Je: Fhe restsrence by tre hd ae UNE ts dhedenndredt OF aM UNE yesisjar cape SOLE hentssere brie Aan - 4aaS5T + SB BUXIO*T? F ROTM TU ye Y2 chemo -covple mop be cattbgrase d bin 6 a svo% bg ed poe a ee, ae ee Pe a susen pore ¢ Tt emf 45 gwen bg EcarttagTat agt> heen Te teem coopprewrs Of aan aay Can be Glound at seam pot Ceo an = gee lege a375 HUD laos = at sinc pat i qi aqnv—e 16h BE ar super punt co 645K (mg SBP 2 BBA AV = qe 6 tw0%) < Qu eo 4 anor) *+ asiteo)> © (24.58%) = Gi A8950 FArCHtG58)~ Te € (Q61-9ot) = a. (961 ge) H42C961-78)? FALI6) T) € ART/AAULH Yared o MeSertt - 2015 O— : @ Eres SB402T ¢ vco6r 72 4 2, ba70—/5% 645 72\ = fine tea? joc? af % fe x sas | farase asst ange 7 ai | \qerge aélat elas? ]\ a> ey” bes Wor too CBS rig Sb AGS ay 6B bg? Tee 5 AOR dex A loo too ae der | 49.55 tet AUT ao = Fieh, 96his echt 961-02 oe 006 He Tee Joo foot ee i AGSS Biggs> BETTS ane G6I43 GbIGst NAY = 06 iesieiea i He oD 33. bee70 x10 der A ® rm % 2 = 2TBISH ies. he resistance Ried F a teamistor at tempate Qe tS § bg Rie d= TEEPE). giyen clas He ressiane ar tee faint TS Qoors wo Testtance ct Gteam pot 1S 0+ SeKR dina Yesisrance at 2%c Soin Raz wRs Hooen = DEP (Bérs. 1p) R(BIBISE)S ASOKR ED &P (PZ ) BIABISE, vatee Poor 7 Seems O°? (Bsr ) = &Pp (Beis ne) loz ep (2 _# RBISIBE —ZB7BIBE = exp (1o0R ) VIS ISK BTS: Br tnige 10°F RTSABK XBT AB Pt aha Qtsise Ka2373) Wild = lolq.6qae9 Oris Bt 24aS 66% FG. 00k = OB Exp (aes ) 243: BE. TOE Deep Ciorsrb) De Poorer exp (10 7848) OF a (eben 2415-66 ) Hons Rcere oles EXP (# eS ~” Ys thy. psatefeera Ke A plantinum resstance Bensor 15 used te trrerpotate | between “fae -Liple paint of mater (Ofc) He hotter? porn OF waser Cloe®) ane freering pointe of Ginc (49.6%) fue Grr 08 ponding) nesistane® Values are 000%) TBSR » 25325 aigebrawQGam ef tter polation er TS Rr=Re Clt+art pr) Rp Se VEsistemee TE Re & nescstance at 0% BR xB consrand Rec) = (0010 Se RU) = [Bes R (arqbC) 2 QSBFSE Ro = loo. St (Bese woos C14 BHD TTB (100)* i Qse-tre loom Cp +B (age) + C498)? | 36505] . fuse jor [oT } 253 7! 415.6 49-67) | | 2 _ foo wor 7) Py \ a s37] ~/ag.6 a9.6? i % 4 f. : % #6, A tigua fewed senser las an inpue anye ef oto i find macs hgsteresis om percentage OF Jun sere difrecteon h con? oo [obs | Bo ler SSE] ep “eee prereasingV) | p.00 | o-as [bAR ajo pours Aang) > fou | 2°70 awe [35S | 4-35 Gn) lousy] 125 ogo| his [aque hews 1s.0 neon = Stow decteVc 9.65 oR Pt Os Hystenesis HC)e Oly OMT may. Has pfsd = 2 x09 mee” Onan - 2 oc )BS mee 2 (3-238% Ja.2-@0 See ae Om: Ket at NO Heide Hee Vv 1o seen Fauge Dxe*] R= Gae t QuwpE + (po) T+ 100- +100 & Re (aude + Bn te + (xi )T Cxee ices modding interfering ve VP HQC ei input 7an9€ gy to 4oo%e output 292 te Rome Romy Omv- Le we Be eee = 6 OKs OS um | took. 0% we 7 oS OES = o.05my | at [00% outpue 1S) AsmvV alt) — O60). L- 0% ae —e F(z-0%) = OG) -bomy Oltee) = ovosg moe = Surv, Oe U0) = e-Srns O, C2) = Oojyallooe) F NCleo%) NUlodee 100%) ~ Ogkeo%) = a Suv Sm i PQ1d oy, gka.i2 used in oto 500% qe TS oO too geo Boo 500 7 ae 225 4} BBS | of Exv 0 sate joret lene 2 SPan_ | Vp s00% - 0% = S00 ff 2 QFSBS op AIBSB IY ~OW © at ‘ 3 ony Or) - oxv C i ng ~ Botkt “OS Peter T0350 C *Ct-0%) = ef) -onv Qlr) = eC T- 0%) FO*V ! HS PEE IY. (7-0) FOR ~ cy OpC00%)= Se-7F6 & x 100% sap 6 CU 0, (ecb )= s2eqrev | NCTE) = Oalicee) — Og ltoc®) | = SAGE — Saye 6HY = ~209-6%" | as pfid ~ NUOOe) = 0-65 % QA88 0) Pe b 4 O; (Boe) = S439 HY po Deok = 16) #BAS7V O,CB008) = 16 eas0y Qn CBo00%) = Or CZ002? F N&Se0e) Nesett}= Ca CZ 00%) — O; (300% ) FE 1G BRS 9 — [6 EBRBIV = lan gv Ne Pha we TLORB*Y NK 0e% = -0 394% REBBSUV jo aa ia aaa al a ai el ei il le il ee Pan Q eifect of chaupe in ambient Aempresre. Been eat : Oca Jo berg -oboP paolar Opa P)~ “br k = LAMbas (P ober) Ons d 2h, arg (P~obort) Pb mA 7 _ Ona P) = 16m Mare (P -ober¥) ieee CpslP)-Oxrg P= —01 4M Bagg Pf Rwe 3 ited Ke sate = 7 ke RE 0-4 Bho PR Kut 2r% Roe) = —OueIy g emt = ~0-08M MY oe beeT = Qe A ee Orag(P) = (eee + aoanty, (rs) pa sim ponds (Ta 4dr General ohoe tr qepredre_22 oounge of -BuPPVd Ow) Seg pe gegen tee peg gee ce ee Sate faa pate opie (et belYotOD Hie (Ezek) Pt ter te 6.0 to Beem ea Hee ———_ Ta Opraanfe Vac0-5 © Studad Supplg verage - Re Sumy com V0) =p. 0mev BOcm ooo 948, sen -0-0n Heol SH WEL (2- -0cm) = VED —o1o wy Y= SKvvg,, (e-o0em) 10 omer Mod = 5% mI 26 Nx) = Na(x) - Vp cx). Wz 0 .co0 Vetere 0.0 N00) =0:00 = ViCOSI=9. 666% vakOS) = IOS AiloS) = @ e333 Vi C0) = (41-3333 Va Cro) = 32-8 N(LOVE tas 666F ViCIG) = 29.0000 Yo o15)= ayo NUS)= 15. Vr 20cm) = 3 66EF Valeo) = 51-5 N (aol= 42-9339 VCASH > 25.33> ValaslosS Niasi> 1 66% Vi lB ven) HSB Val 30? = SB Nc30) =O mefN C2599 = 18 mo 1smv Q5:B621K RU0Oy a Nynex 28 Pf d= Sparel sro. nes G0 = BBL ony, 28 @ sted. vscosv @ Vs20-6% a eee ee Dem — 0.0m BM 0-0ln. 24, MY, (A= @aom) = V.69 —O-omY Ve. G2 = UE ML C-p.0on) + orcimy emt at standard “Tern~pretere MckL te: C eoby Vgc (E+ Pie) Lb eta to: Vi-vic Emin T + Feds. | | | ] | | | | | | | J by em) En associated with SUPPIQ wettage Asariation J J J J J J | AST) ait Need 2k AC 2 4 | ne Su co wo ; ‘a pie 8 = samy % + O-om 5en0y.% + O-omcu N@oly —V@og~ = Wy0e Hacames 1 See ee ee ee MOL t+0-0mn " Comparing Efuatior Marve t Mele fes ds NeeToe Se Meee Kem be = 1B mu, Se Bee Won Lune A Tn SURPID Re June 0:6 OSV ee amy. em oul On LD © se 00 ma Ene cnobpeZ,. == Kea soar? ¥ x06 OF =P ory ten 9. = stope Ee of tdeat serang he Dine cow @ ows sure'a je SEZ Moy, FUT a @ oby wereg © 8%, C7 D ie Dynamic Characteristics ot system 4. Electricad Network. @ Re — creat UR ecers Rect? + Vert) 72 BAKO ero = REE FOR) governing ern ewe Rs + de) F099 Ears (€RS7ZC) 4es) R-L-c networe seo oe 7 ceri el Eliane outpus ts Geer eve eure pacer prdile? #Vete) de wos Y frat gare fowee i Seeer= nde? + Laster +B f eeresRgu FLAS FAH UF gisiro ¢esrz0 EGrc (SR $8 +46) Qe? Eon StL SRE = ) (sttsm the) Bmeckancad sgetems. pe + Tansuation Syste ouput ey ——— bor damping friction Gonstarse en F E sttiness $ Pree body diagram pox ote EX ae Bee TE = mst tbs te _ Str Md Tn qarvenermenen 8 — oor 4b-% tio ang . ne jet? daw cones ene? appued torau 2 yer Tae © 3® s6o) 2) urs ide tee +FO ue Se ae Ta) = s%seq? HbBE%? ree) = (sty tbs tF? eu “rata (ss*+bs +) OC?) ew _ L Jas st tbs te 4 Bor appied torgue Tesponse thes tg an general Ges? sy = OS) Gt = Fey, based on orden of transfen function he. measurement Sgstem TS Catagorized os - first order second ovdet der systert” system — yero- OF = Dynamic behovwr oF poeasurement / ard gs suadied ving crandard Dyers: 4. ster input j a. Ramp input Wd | p perabotre tapur 5, Bmpuuse Enput | % Impuse response of System Ts tts doausfer function @ ew order system —duie response prvermes mo devtwatrve teams + cet) = be Se ho Core beamed e3 potentiometer | eral bier resstance/ Kmpedance Jets be ks Zz, ampedance per hength Pe = = Uy mt B= BO) = YX L be zc Beni) + ZO-x) Gers &) ca «206 ) Goter=s EO, Bx: 3° egere ect) Me c Jor avg Tnj Xt be onsial Tepue i eGet output Gott) ect? Ts constant Pouen Suprlg oct) —b Cte) x) reed ce) = Ete) yee? fi Coe) - ect) oe since Ett) 15 Supply wouage cnstant bts tonstant oa pre Si ear ts Dc wouage pra ee =a eu, = E_ ree eye E reed cers E vee step tnput alee tzo0 o tro ae tLe o Beet eeeeret yamp tpuz vespens® cure Eee) pers © To cos Et c SN First order System a J ) baccu = a bere) a.cle tuecte) chore} QsS Cts) +4006s7 = bo Res? «if GB)=O con be bas Res) “Quis tae 2a, S “asta 5 Fay, an Qourier dransferm- Clie) ~ betes dhe De Gain weo ts Faw) ~ Jus pee gs Catted Slab SeMsieTVeED om Tis fa stacy, or tA —tas ¥%a,fhar%, a oN e * Sra, 3 core bee 4 4befac Srey, 2 _ [Pbofao_ 4 thedas ~1%, i Cals J re + tackles S weg 8 win TOY = by (1- BM Jue t= Whe = by tke) unr Gor casvat syste ae Ue denned in t2o S° Ear expressed. usit uct). error Bit)= ree)- Cle = ce) — by (LE) wee) x tf the system DE-Jain ts | Ge 2 Im (ie) = Be ace? ceed ere): & steadg stare error tr epee tue0 cs Boye Shaws as fist order sgstem traces step tepux guatte (stendg sate ervey. Benes Re ~crcutt i Rieti, eroRt tVe e, Rdg + 1001 dt a" tae laprce branshorm BS) | Eqs) =SROSI- RFCS) + os eyore Grae yacn ie: Wize fn dt rote ; % te € Lez odtett? eee de ecl —» Zt @nede ts Beno ot ta tte 5 = Vert) 24? pc det) R Re at eee - Ent) cde tt) eel < eee rece Ct = Gee + Re dae? at Ges) = @ED+REES) — Geed=e Eos) i Ear = SRer) aS | B® Habestced Hosts 2513, oo & Spek ifeat QucdyStF og. wiensuremenuk clits commen rece beg TE > Ol rest chebernatnodion ede Uncen Mhesty Op rn Smut tesr rest “ Obese He Men G Dearsiaction frown vers epee “Repack tog wR Mee xX > EE Peectihg POM HAR Cnet es oxy Reema ® Alete Gras are eigeteatc Sunn L Bath Cle cbeniokion CHATS ® ~rcaqe demiatirn per 4 = oi WAcliterH OF ane, CUSton GsKe a Peeing ee eke uneiieel tg ae — fee —» Bighly preat< 1) = fauttldel # 18a) retell = tel nm BD Sturcars cbettation - “oP garab TE 2 VER nw ( fr infinite MEG. olacter| = Paap dst oo 4! oz \ ait dit tdgtn ta rae \ nae a Xe | 7 ou tes [f seco Tndlepeucent GAnenh Wnexsuremer4s das a Payer toy 2X ObSeNes quel rested a3 reat A2n2WA, sasmA, 13: timA, 529A, Corel Cailenbecte. Ca) ne ethwetic: yotan, Tb) chantation frame 4v-Pavetcon, eN ehhe, one oe eumutite A) Bre Sdoncter? cbenteoke Site See een CA) anitiwedtc Ww > @ %_ yn.6smA Reace 2 aps +429 Het x 3 = 96-JO6S= “ONS WA 4a v4 Jagre O'S ¥ Bee Sg sags = 019 SA QL Ag ARES = OD EA Ce} average ture De ost Ore FOL CAO HSH O12S HOE SHOES O2STORS . paszmA Hier 6 ie) SJewdorre) Deorrotion ors |) @unrte ONS) @-=s eee eee Nae F ODDIE T OFS HOO 62-40 0608S a usc GH izewns 44 stake scensewverg Fel wer St4H2G Wns fu Ga = bon StEQE ONS tor Stra Gwas Ho = str egwns ti + (25am (aieny Conupiete SFusce seseitod (~ %) = S4.25lons +(G ten) + wait — (— Sioa) « = (StF)? + wie g tw,” = Cs t§wn)™ —ute9?-0), < csr $n)? -(unfeer) av -@r)@-b) © (a ten +wniGTT )(sesen enter) = [Co tGuen) + Sent He eI} corer) - —junl=¥t =] cauped BJ product ET"® terms. Step vesponse econce, Se Lecw)scsrs Eig eelee terre nett ere Sete eee Peace aEEe [esvdiontdwon FG (Staton DA) 2a 7b es a S Sp swntawnrge SiGe yuna c lon tent p= L b= C68) (Stn IenlT + L Formulation aS system eGn- > fetuns Governing, eGuation Of an instruments - flesistance transducer sith displag unit i tel_fs fe fe Fhe | dag un ' R “tramsdecer = _RZa Rilea ~ Rtrta eb a citcttra i = qdmtve dt Ra oo eden ee de a Cr Rites cet R(cades tE2) Bis Cot Reads + Reo © (148, + Read&)e. Gz t= CUB + Reape. ee . —1—__ ler —E rn GLE R AGO) none Teg wee ROLY by. A Aang tea) N Periadic inpur response “© first orcter instruments &y _ VE = Fietm Dor Periodic tnpus OF = EG sinue Ce _ a a tn trejueneg domain Ga aie Exce_e e 7 3 “Exls) EL ew ire = Few Stree = Ker Feu Gres Gtwy * DS Hwres-10) Ede a b ee te NS Ste Se a= Kew (Bette) Ey- tu) ~ ae as eae iw) ~ Fene > foray +B fi Clecwy e2twy® Rete) a eee) few ae pe ea een Grime) triw) RCIA) -2iCtFtTw) B= fi Easy = fa_ - abe ae Tyt> te Se * [7 See he th : Hee, tue, ant | | ] | | | I | | | | | | | | | | | | | skew |. 2% yb give, Fen nena Mote © #23(\-tt0) at (1+tad skeet ber fariwe) sot, (amet p) 2) Tape Tey “Keely PES, ee wer 4 sus etye*)) et peo

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