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Algebra Unit I

This document discusses polynomials and their operations. It defines polynomials as the sum of a finite number of terms. Polynomials are classified based on their number of terms as monomials, binomials, trinomials, or multinomials. The degree of a polynomial is determined by the highest exponent of its variables. The document then provides rules for adding, subtracting, and multiplying polynomials. For addition and subtraction, like terms are combined by adding or subtracting their coefficients. For multiplication, the distributive property is used and monomials are multiplied using the laws of exponents. Exponent rules and how to apply signs to terms are also outlined.

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26 views3 pages

Algebra Unit I

This document discusses polynomials and their operations. It defines polynomials as the sum of a finite number of terms. Polynomials are classified based on their number of terms as monomials, binomials, trinomials, or multinomials. The degree of a polynomial is determined by the highest exponent of its variables. The document then provides rules for adding, subtracting, and multiplying polynomials. For addition and subtraction, like terms are combined by adding or subtracting their coefficients. For multiplication, the distributive property is used and monomials are multiplied using the laws of exponents. Exponent rules and how to apply signs to terms are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Ella Dimla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit I – POLYNOMIALS

 Each of the parts of the algebraic expression with the plus or minus sign preceding is called a
term of the expression. An expression enclosed within grouping symbols is considered as a
single term. Each plus or minus sign is a part of the term that follows. The terms having identical
parts are called similar terms.
 A variable is a symbol (or the literal part) that can be replaced by one or more values in a given
expression while the numerical coefficient or a constant is to be the number part of the term
usually written before the literal part.
 A polynomial is a sum of a finite number of terms. A polynomial with only one term is called a
monomial. Polynomials with two unlike terms are called binomials, those with three unlike
terms are called trinomials, and those having more than three terms are called multinomial.
The degree of a polynomial is determined by the highest exponent of the variables in a term.
The degree of a non-zero constant monomial is zero but the constant zero has no degree.

LESSON 1 – ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF POLYNOMIALS

Rules in Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials

Rule 1: To add or more monomials with the same literal coefficient add only their
numerical coefficients and affix the literal coefficient.

Rule 2: To add two or more polynomials, add similar terms or like terms together.

Rule 3: To subtract polynomials, change the sign of the subtrahend and proceed as
addition

Rule 4. To remove a grouping symbol preceded by a

a) minus sign, change the sign of each of the term;


b) plus sign, no further change is done;
c) factor, use the distributive law.

Rule 5. When one symbol of grouping is within another symbol of grouping, the
innermost symbol must be removed first
LESSON 2 – LAWS OF EXPONENTS

1. The Product of Powers: a m ¿ a n = a m+n


2. The Power of a Power: (a ¿¿ m)n ¿ = a mn
3. The Quotient of Powers:
m
a m−n
n = a , if m > n
a

m
a 1
n = n−m , if m < n
a a

m
a
n = 1, if m = n
a
4. The Power of a Product: (ab)n = a n b n

()
n n
a a
5. The Power of a Quotient: = n
b b
6. a 0 = 1, if a ≠ 0
1
7. a−n = n , if a ≠ 0
a
8. An odd power of negative number is negative

Examples: (−2 )3=−8

3
(−3 x y 2 z 3 ) =−27 x 3 y 6 z 9

9. An even power of a negative number is positive.

Examples: (−3 )2=9

4
(−3 x y 2 z 3 ) =81 x 4 y 8 z 12

LESSON 3 – MULTIPLICATION OF POLYNOMIALS

Rule 1. To multiply two monomials, use commutative, associative and the laws of
exponents in multiplication.
Rule 2. To multiply two polynomials, use the distributive law and apply rule 1.

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