2020 Dec. MET203-A

C 0800MET203122002 Pages: 3
Reg No.:_______________ Name:__________________________

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Third Semester B.Tech Degree Examination December 2020 (2019 Scheme)
Course Code: MET203

Course Name: MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours
PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks Marks
1 Consider a soap bubble. Is the pressure inside the bubble higher or lower than the 3
pressure outside? Explain.
2 Define the resultant hydrostatic force acting on a submerged surface, and the 3
centre of pressure.
3 What does the word kinematics mean? Explain what the study of fluid kinematics 3
involves?
4 What flow property determines whether a region of flow is rotational or 3
irrotational? Discuss.
5 What is the hydraulic grade line? How does it differ from the energy grade line? 3
6 Define static, dynamic and hydrostatic pressure. Under what conditions is their 3
sum constant for a flow stream?
7 Define equivalent length for minor loss in pipe flow. How is it related to the 3
minor loss coefficient?
8 Explain how flow rate is measured with obstruction type flowmeters. Compare 3
orificemeters and venturimeters with respect to cost, size, head loss and accuracy.
9 What is a boundary layer? What causes a boundary layer to develop? 3
10 What is the primary reason for nondimensionalizing an equation? 3
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 14 marks
Module 1
11 a. Consider two identical fans, one at sea level and the other on top of a high 8
mountain running at identical speeds. How would you compare (a) the
volume flow rates and (b) the mass flow rates of these two fans?
b. You may have noticed that dams are much thicker at the bottom. Explain 6
why dams are built that way?
12 a. Differentiate between 6
(i) Specific weight and Specific volume
(ii) Dynamic viscosity and Kinematic viscosity
(iii) Real fluid and Ideal fluid
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0800MET203122002
b. A manometer is used to measure the pressure in a tank. The fluid used has 8
a specific gravity of 0.80 and the manometer column height is 50 cm. If
the local atmospheric pressure is 98 kPa, determine the absolute pressure
within the tank.
Module 2
13 The velocity potential function is given by φ= 10(x2-y2). Calculate the velocity 14
components at the point (4,5).
14 The velocity components in a steady two-dimensional incompressible flow are 14
given by u = 6x and v = -6y. Prove that the flow satisfies law of conservation
of mass.
Module 3
15 a. Air enters a nozzle steadily at 2.21 kg/m 3 and 30 m/s and leaves at 4
3 2
0.762 kg/m and 180 m/s. If the inlet area of the nozzle is 80 cm ,
determine (a) the mass flow rate through the nozzle (b) exit area
of the nozzle.
b. A 1 m3 rigid tank initially contains air whose density is 1.18 kg/m3. 10
The tank is connected to a high pressure supply line through a valve. The
valve is opened and air is allowed to enter the tank until the density in the
tank rises to 7.20 kg/m3. Determine the mass of air that has entered the
tank.
16 a. Consider a device with one inlet and one outlet. If the volume flow rates 4
at the inlet and at the outlet are the same, is the flow through this device
necessarily steady? Why?
b. A pressurized tank of water has a 10 cm diameter orifice at the bottom 10
where water discharges to the atmosphere. The water level is 3 m above
the outlet. The tank air pressure above the water level is 300 kPa
(absolute) while the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. Neglecting
frictional effects, determine the initial discharge rate of water from the
tank.
Module 4
17 a. Consider the flow of air and water in pipes of same diameter at the same 4
temperature and at the same mean velocity. Which flow is more likely to
be turbulent? Why?
b. Consider fully developed laminar flow in a circular pipe. If the diameter 10
of the pipe is reduced by half while the flow rate and the pipe length are
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0800MET203122002
held constant, the head loss will (a) double (b) triple (c) quadruple
(d) increase by a factor of 8 or (e) increase by a factor of 16. Explain.
18 a. What is hydraulic diameter? How is it defined? What is it equal to for a 5
circular pipe of diameter D?
b. Water at 10°C (Density= 999.7 kg/m3 and dynamic viscosity= 9
1.307x10-3 Ns/m2) is flowing steadily in a 0.20 cm diameter, 15 m long
pipe at an average velocity of 1.2 m/s. Determine (a) the pressure drop,
(b) head loss and (c) the pumping power requirement to overcome this
pressure drop.
Module 5
19 a. For each statement, choose whether it is true or false and discuss your 8
answer briefly. These statements concern a laminar boundary layer on a
flat plate.
1. At a given x location, if the Reynolds number were to increase, the
boundary layer thickness would also increase.
2. As outer flow velocity increases, so does the boundary layer
thickness.
3. As the fluid viscosity increases, so does the boundary layer thickness.
4. As the fluid density increases, so does the boundary layer thickness.
b. Write the primary dimensions of the universal ideal gas constant Ru. (Use 6
the ideal gas law, PV = nRuT, where P is pressure, V is volume, T is
absolute temperature, and n is the number of moles of the gas.)
20 a. The pressure drop Δp, for steady, incompressible viscous flow through 10
a straight horizontal pipe depends on the pipe length l, the average
velocity V, the fluid viscosity μ, the pipe diameter D, the fluid density
ρ, and the average “roughness” height e. Determine a set of
dimensionless groups that can be used to correlate data.
b. Consider laminar flow over a flat plate. How does the local friction 4
coefficient change with position?
***
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C 0800MET203122002 Pages: 3

Reg No.:_ Name:____________

Course Code: MET203

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