Group Course UNIQUE

Course Title
No. Code CODE
1 20PHY01 Mathematical Physics 201BS001
1 20PHY02 Classical Mechanics and Statistical mechanics 201BS002
1 20CHE01 Inorganic Chemistry-I 201BS003
1 20CHE02 Inorganic Chemistry-II 201BS004
1 20MAT01 Differential Equations 201BS005
1 20MAT02 Integral Transforms and Calculus of Variations 201BS006

2 20PHY03 Quantum Mechanics 202BS001

2 20PHY04 Solid State Physics and X-Ray Crystallography 202BS002
2 20CHE03 Organic Chemistry-I 202BS003
2 20CHE04 Organic Chemistry-II 202BS004
2 20MAT03 Complex Analysis 202BS005
2 20MAT04 Computer Analysis and Programming in C 202BS006

3 20PHY05 Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particles 203BS001

3 20PHY06 Atomic and Molecular Physics 203BS002
3 20CHE05 Physical Chemistry-I 203BS003
3 20CHE06 Physical Chemistry-II 203BS004
3 20MAT05 Statistics, Probability and Stochastic Process 203BS005
3 20MAT06 Operation Research 203BS006

4 20PHY07 Nano Science and Nanotechnology 204BS001

4 20PHY08 Material Science 204BS002
4 20CHE07 Analytical Chemistry and Allied Subjects-I 20CHE07 204BS003
4 20CHE08 Analytical Chemistry and Allied Subjects-II 20CHE08 204BS004
4 20MAT07 Advanced Fluid Mechanics and Magneto Hydrodynamics 20MAT07 204BS005
4 20MAT08 Advanced Group Theory 20MAT08 204BS006

5 20PHY09 Physics of Liquid Crystals and Polymer Science 205BS001

5 20PHY10 Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Measurement techniques 20PHY10 205BS002
5 20CHE09 Analytical Chemistry and Allied Subjects-III 205BS003
5 20CHE10 Analytical Chemistry and Allied Subjects-IV 205BS004
5 20MAT09 Advanced Numerical Methods 205BS005
5 20MAT10 Linear Algebra 205BS006

6 20PHY11 Laser Physics and Bio Physics 206BS001

6 20PHY12 Electronics and Instrumentation 206BS002
6 20CHE11 Solid State Chemistry 206BS003
6 20CHE12 Polymer Chemistry 206BS004
6 20MAT11 Number Theory 206BS005
6 20MAT12 Mathematical Modeling 206BS006
 Ph.D Course Works and Grouping in Physics, Chemistry and mathematics subjects

Sl.No Subject Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6

Mathematical Quantum Mechanics Nuclear Physics Nano Science and Physics of Liquid Laser Physics and
Physics 20PHY01 20PHY03 and Elementary Nanotechnology Crystals and Bio Physics
Particles 20PHY07 Polymer Science 20PHY11
20PHY05 20PHY09

Classical Mechanics Solid State Physics and Atomic and Material Science Fluorescence Electronics and
and Statistical X-Ray Crystallography Molecular Physics 20PHY08 Spectroscopy and Instrumentation
1 Physics mechanics 20PHY04 20PHY06 Measurement 20PHY12
20PHY02 techniques
20PHY10

Inorganic Organic Chemistry-I Physical Analytical Analytical Solid State

Chemistry-I 20CHE03 Chemistry-I Chemistry and Chemistry and Chemistry
20CHE01 20CHE05 Allied Subjects-I Allied Subjects-III 20CHE11
20CHE07 20CHE09
2 Chemistry
Inorganic Organic Chemistry-II Physical Analytical Analytical Polymer
Chemistry-II 20CHE04 Chemistry-II Chemistry and Chemistry and Chemistry
20CHE02 20CHE06 Allied Subjects-II Allied Subjects-IV 20CHE12
20CHE08 20CHE10

Differential Complex Analysis Statistics, Advanced Fluid Advanced Number Theory

Equations 20MAT03 Probability and Mechanics and Numerical Methods 20MAT11
20MAT01 Stochastic Process Magneto 20MAT09
20MAT05 Hydrodynamics
3 Mathematics 20MAT07

Integral Transforms Computer Analysis and Operation Advanced Group Linear Algebra Mathematical
and Calculus of Programming in C Research Theory 20MAT08 20MAT10 Modeling
Variations 20MAT04 20MAT06 20MAT12
20MAT02
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science Board)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 1 Subject 20PHY01 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Mathematical Physics

Module-01
Differential equations:
Partial differential equations: Classifications, systems of surfaces and characteristics,
examples of hyperbolic, parabola and elliptic equations, method of direct integration, method
of separation of variables.
Special differential equations:
Power series method for ordinary differential equations, Legendre's differential equation:
Legendre polynomials and their properties, Generating functions, Recurrence Formulae,
orthogonality of Legendre's polynomial. Bessel's differential equation: Bessel's polynomial -
generating functions, Recurrence Formulae, orthogonal properties of Bessel's polynomials.
Laguerre's equation, its solution and properties. Hermite differential equation: Hermite
polynomials, generating functions, recurrence relation.
Module-02
Laplace transforms:
Laplace transforms: Linearity property, first and second translation property of LT,
Derivatives of Laplace transforms, Laplace transform of integrals, Initial and Final value
theorems, Transform of Dirac delta function, periodic function and derivatives. Methods for
finding LT: direct and series expansion method, Method of differential equation. Inverse
Laplace transforms: Linearity property, first and second translation property, Convolution
property, Solution of linear differential equations with constant coefficients. Physical
applications.
Module-03
Fourier series and integrals:
Fourier series definition and expansion of a function, Fourier's theorem. Cosine and sine
series. Change of interval. Complex form of Fourier series. Fourier integral. Extension to
many variables. Fourier transform. Transform of impulse function. Constant unit step
function and periodic function. Some physical applications.
Module-04
Group Theory:
 03.09.2020

Groups, subgroups, classes. Homomorphism and isomorphism. Group representation.

Reducible and irreducible representations. Character of a representation, character tables.
Construction of representations. Representations of groups and quantum mechanics. Lie
groups. The three dimensional rotation group SO(3). The special unitary groups SU(2) and
SU(3). The irreducible representations of SU(2). Representations of SO(3) from those of
SU(2) Some applications of group theory in physics
Module-05
Numerical Techniques:
Numerical Methods. Solutions of algebraic and transcendental equations: Bisection, iterative
and Newton-Raphson methods. Interpolation: Newton's and Lagrange's methods.
Curve fitting: Method of least squares. Differentiation: Newton's formula. Integration:
Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's 1/3 and 3/8 rules. Eigen values and eigen vectors of a matrix.
Solutions of ordinary differential equations: Euler's modified method and Runge-Kutta
methods.
Question paper pattern:
➢ The question paper will have ten questions.
➢ Each full question is for 20 marks.
➢ There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full
question) from each module.
➢ Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
➢ Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Textbook/Reference Books:
1 Mathematical Physics B D Gupta Vikas 3rd Edition,
2006.
Publishing
House Pvt. Ltd.
2 Mathematical Physics Satya Prakash, S Chand and 4th Ed-2007
Sons, New Delhi.
3 Mathematical Physics B S Rajput Pragati Prakasam 17th Ed-
2004.
4 Advanced Engineering Erwin Kreyszig Wiley Eastern 7th Ed- 1993
mathematics
5 Mathematical Methods G Arfken Elsevier 4th Ed, 1992
for Physics
6 Numerical Methods E. Balagruswamy TMH 3rd Ed, 2001
7 Introductory Methods of S. S. Sastry PHI 5 th Ed-1995
Numerical Analysis:, ,
8 Introduction to Charlie Harper PHI. 2009
Mathematical Physics
9 Mathematical Physics P K Chattopadhyay Wiley Eastern Ltd 1990
03.09.2020
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science Board)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 1 Subject 20PHY02 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Classical Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics

Module-01
Newtonian mechanics and Lagrangian formulation
Single and many particle systems - Conservation laws of linear momentum, angular
momentum and energy. Application of Newtonian mechanics: Two-body central force field
motion, Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Scattering in a central force field; Scattering
cross-section; The Rutherford scattering problem.
Constraints in motion. Generalised co-ordinates, Virtual work and D'Alembert's principle.
Lagrangian equations of motion. Symmetry and cyclic co-ordinates. Hamilton variational
principle, Lagrangian equations of motion from variational principle. Simple applications.
Module-02
Hamiltonian formalism , Relativistic mechanics, Continuum Mechanics
Hamilton's equations of motion - from Legendre transformations and the variational
principle. Simple applications. Canonical transformations. Poisson brackets - Canonical
equations of motion in Poisson bracket notation. Hamilton-Jacobi equations.
Relativistic mechanics:
Four-dimensional formulation-four-vectors, four-velocity, four- momentum, and four-
acceleration. Lorentz co-variant form of equation of motion
Continuum mechanics:
Basic concepts, Equations of continuity and motion; Simple applications
Module-03
Microcanonical, Canonical and Grandcanonical ensembles
Microcanonical distribution function, Two level system in microcanonical ensemble, Gibbs
paradox and correct formula for entropy, The canonical distribution function. Contact with
thermodynamics - Two level system in canonical ensemble, Partition function and free energy
of an ideal gas, Distribution of molecular velocities.
Equipartition and Virial theorems, The grand partition function, Relation between grand
canonical and canonical partition functions.
Fluctuations in canonical, grand canonical and microcanonical ensembles. The Brownian
motion and Langevin equation. Random walk, diffusion and the Einstein relation for mobility.
Fockker-Plank equation. Johnson noise and shot noise.
 03.09.2020

Module-04
Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac and Maxwell-Boltzmann Distributions:
Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distributions, Thermodynamic quantities, Fluctuations in
different ensembles, Bose and Fermi distributions in microcanonical ensemble - Maxwell-
Boltzmann distribution law for microstates in a classical gas - Physical interpretation of the
classical limit, Derivation of Boltzmann equation for change of states without and with
collisions, Boltzmann equation for quantum statistics, Equilibrium distribution in Boltzmann
equation
Module-05
Thermodynamics,
Basic postulates of thermodynamics, Fundamental relations and definition of intensive
variables, Intensive variables in the entropic formulation, Intensive variables in the entropic
formulation - Equations of state, Euler relation, densities - Gibbs-Duhem relation for entropy -
Thermodynamic potentials and extensivity properties, Maxwell relations, Energy differential
and thermodynamic potentials of systems in external magnetic field – Thermodynamic
relations.
Question paper pattern:
➢ The question paper will have ten questions.
➢ Each full question is for 20 marks.
➢ There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full
question) from each module.
➢ Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
➢ Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Reference Books:
H Goldsteinhon 3rd Ed-2000
1 Classical Mechanics PEARSON
safko
2 Introduction to R G Takawale Tata McGraw 1st Ed-1979
Classical Mechanics and P S Puranik
3 Classical Mechanics N C Rana and P S Tata McGraw 2nd Ed-1991
Joag
4 An Introductory Palash B. Pal Narosa 3rd Ed-2008
Course of Statistical Publishing
Mechanics, House, New
Delh
Kamal Singh & S. S. Chand &
5 Elements of 4th Ed-
P. Singh, Company,
Statistical Mechanics 1992
New
Delhi,
Statistical Mechanics University
6 Avijit Lahiri, 4th Ed-2002
an Elementary Press,
 03.09.2020

Hyderabad,
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science Board)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 2 Subject 20PHY03 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Quantum Mechanics

Module-01
Physical basis of quantum mechanics:
Experimental background, inadequacy of classical physics, summary of principal
experiments and inferences, Uncertainty and complementarity. Wave packets in space
and time, and their physical significance.
Schrodinger wave equation:
Development of wave equation: One-dimensional and extension to three dimensions
inclusive of forces. Interpretation of wave function: Statistical interpretation, normalisation,
expectation value and Ehrenfest's theorem. Energy eigen functions: separation of wave
equation, boundary and continuity conditions.
One dimensional: Square well and rectangular step potentials, Rectangular barrier,
Harmonic oscillator. Three dimensional: Particle in a box, Particle in spherically
symmetric potential, Rigid rotator, Hydrogen atom.
Module-02
General formalism of quantum mechanics:
Hilbert space. Operators-definition and properties, eigen values and eigen vectors of an
operator; Hermitian, unitary and projection operators, commuting operators, complete set of
commuting operators. Bra and Ket notation for vectors. Representation theory: matrix
representation of an operator, change of basis. Co-ordinate and momentum representations.
The basic formalism: The fundamental postulates, expectation values and probabilities;
quantum mechanical operators, explicit representation of operators, uncertainty principle.
Matrix method solution of linear harmonic oscillator.
Quantum dynamics: Equations of motion, Schrodinger, Heisenberg and Interaction
 03.09.2020

pictures. Poisson brackets and commutator brackets.

Module-03
Approximation methods for stationery states:
Time-independent perturbation theory; non-degenerate and degenerate cases, perturbed
harmonic oscillator. The variation method: Application to ground state of Helium.
WKB method: Application to barrier penetration. Bohr-Sommerfield quantum condition.
Theory of scattering:
Scattering cross-section, wave mechanical picture of scattering, scattering amplitude. Born
approximation. Partial wave analysis: phase shifts, scattering amplitude in terms of phase
shifts, optical theorem; exactly soluble problem- scattering by square well potential.
Time-dependent phenomena:
Perturbation theory for time evolution, first and second order transition amplitudes and their
physical significance. Applications of first order theory: constant perturbation, wide and closely
spaced levels-Fermi's golden rule, scattering by a potential. Harmonic perturbation: interactions
of an atom with electromagnetic radiation, dipole transitions and selection rules; spontaneous
and induced emission, Einstein A and B coefficients. Sudden approximation.
Module-04
Identical particles and spin: Indistinguishability of identical particles. Symmetry of
wave function and spin. Bosons and Fermions. Pauli exclusion principle. Singlet and
triplet states of He atom and exchange integral Spin angular momentum, Pauli matrices.
Angular momentum: Definition, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, matrix representation,
orbital angular momentum. Addition of angular momenta, Clebsch-Gordon coefficients
for simple cases: j1 = ½, j2 = ½ and j1 = 1, j2 = ½ .
Module-05
Symmetry principles:
Symmetry and conservation laws, symmetry and degeneracy. Space-time symmetries,
Displacement in space- conservation of linear momentum, Displacement in time, conservation
of energy, Rotation in space, conservation of angular momentum, Space inversion,parity. Time
reversal invariance.
Relativistic wave equations:
Schrodinger's relativistic equation: free particle, lectromagnetic potentials, separation of
equations, energy level in a coulomb field. Dirac's relativistic equation: free particle equation,
Dirac matrices, free particle solutions, charge and current densities. Electromagnetic
potentials. Dirac's equation for central field: spin angular momentum, approximate reduction,
spin orbit energy.Separation of the equation. The Hydrogen atom, classification of energy
levels and negative energy states.
Question paper pattern:
➢ The question paper will have ten questions.
➢ Each full question is for 20 marks.
 03.09.2020

➢ There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full
question) from each module.
➢ Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
➢ Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Textbook/Reference Books

1 Concepts of Modern Arthur Beiser: McGraw Hill 7th Ed-2017

Physics Edu Pvt Ltd
2 Quantum Mechanics L. I. Schiff McGraw-Hill 4th Ed-2014
3 Quantum Mechanics F. Schwabl Springer 4th Ed-
2007
4 Quantum V. K. Thankappan J. Wiley 2nd Ed-1993
Mechanics:
5 Quantum Mechanics B. K. Agarwal and Hari PHI 3rd Ed-1996
Prakash
6 Text book of P. M. Mathews and Mc Graw- 2nd Ed-2010
Quantum Mechanics Hill
K.
Venkateshan
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science Board)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 2 Subject 20PHY04 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Solid State Physics and X-Ray Crystallography

Module-01
Crystal structure:
Crystal systems, Crystal classes, Bravais lattice. Unit cell: Wigner- Seitz cell, equivalent
positions in a unit cell. Notations of planes and directions. Atomic packing: packing
fraction, Co-ordination number. Examples of simple crystal structures: NaCl, ZnS and
diamond. Symmetry operations, point groups and space groups.
Crystal binding:
Types of binding. Van der Waals-London interaction, Repulsive interaction. Modelung
constant. Born's theory for lattice energy in ionic crystals and comparison with experimental
results. Ideas of metallic binding, Hydrogen bonded crystals.
Module-02
Lattice vibrations:
Vibrations of monoatomic lattices. First Brillouin zone. Quantization of lattice vibrations -
Concept of Phonon, Phonon momentum. Specific heat of lattice (qualitative).
Energy bands in solids:
Formation of energy bands. Free electron model: free electrons in one and three
dimensional potential wells, electrical conductivity, heat capacity, paramagnetism, Fermi-
Dirac distribution, density of states, concept of Fermi energy. Kronig-Penny model. Nearly
Free Electron Model (qualitative). Tight Binding model (qualitative).
Defects in solids:
Point defects: Schottky and Frenkel defects and their equilibrium concentrations. Line
defects: Dislocations, multiplication of dislocations (Frank-Read mechanism). Plane
defects: grain boundary and stacking faults.
 03.09.2020

Module-03
Semiconductors:
Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, concept of majority and minority carriers. Statistics
of electrons and holes, electrical conductivity. Hall effect. Experimental determinations of
resistivity of semiconductor by four probe method.
Superconductors:
Superconductivity, Zero resistance,. Meissner effect, Critical field, Classification into Type
I and Type II, Thermodynamics of superconducting transition, Electrodynamics of
superconductors.
Module-04
X-Ray Crystallography & Difffraction:
X-rays: Production, white radiation characteristics, radiation - absorption edge, filters -
absorption by crystals.
Direct and reciprocal lattice, Ewald's sphere and Bragg's law, Spacing formula,
Transformation equations, Interpretation of rotation photograph.
Scattering of X-rays by a distribution of electron, structure factor, calculation of electron
density function, Fourier synthesis, the crystal symmetry and x-ray diffraction pattern,
Friedel's law and its break down.
Electron and neutron diffraction, comparison with X-ray diffraction, significance of electron
and neutron diffraction, characterization of quasicrystalline sample using electron diffraction.
The Laue method, The Powder method, rotation and Weissenberg methods, The Burger
precession method.
Module-05

Intensity Data Collection, Structure Solution and Refinement:

The single crystal diffractometer method, intensity data collection, corrections to intensity
data- Lorentz, polarization, spot shape and absorption effects, primary and secondary
extinction effects, absolute scaling and temperature factors.
Fourier techniques, Phase problem, Patterson function and its significance, Heavy atom
methods, Isomorphous replacement method, anomalous scattering method, direct
methods.
Cyclic Fourier refinement, the difference Fourier refinement, correction for series
termination effects, temperature correction, Least squares refinement.
Derived results- bond lengths, bond angles, standard deviations in bond lengths and
angles, comparison and averaging of bond lengths and angles, least square planes,
absolute configuration and thermal motion.
Question paper pattern:
➢ The question paper will have ten questions.
➢ Each full question is for 20 marks.
➢ There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full
 03.09.2020

question) from each module.

➢ Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
➢ Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Textbook/Reference Books:

1 Elementary Solid State M. A. Omar Addison- 3rd Ed 1994

Physics: Principles and
applications
2 Introduction to Solid State C. Kittel Wiley Eastern 8th Ed-2004
Physics
3 Solid State Physics A. J. Dekkar Macmillan India 8th Ed-2014
Limited
4 Semiconductor Physics, P. S. Kireev MIR 1975 Ed
5 Solid State Physics S. O. Pillai New Age 2018 Ed
Publisher
6 X-ray Crystallography Woolfson, M. M Cambridge 1978 Ed
University Press
7 Outline of David Blow Oxford 2004 Ed
crystallography for University press
Biologists
8 Introduction to Solids Azaroff. L.V McGraw-Hill 1960 Ed
9 Elements of X-ray Cullity. B. D prentice hall 2001 Ed
crystallography
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science Board)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 3 Subject 20PHY05 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particles

Module-01
Properties of Nucleus:
Nuclear constitution. The notion of nuclear radius and its estimation from Rutherford's
scattering experiment; the coulomb potential inside the nucleus and the mirror nuclei. The
nomenclature of nuclei, and nucleon quantum numbers. Nuclear spin and magnetic dipole
moment. Nuclear electric moments and shape of the nucleus.
Nuclear Forces:
General features of nuclear forces. Bound state of deuteron with square well potential, binding
energy and size of deuteron. Deuteron electric and magnetic moments - evidence for non-central
nature of nuclear forces. Yukawa's meson theory of nuclear forces.
Module-02
Nuclear Reactions:
Reaction scheme, types of reactions and conservation laws Reaction kinematics, threshold
energy and Q-value of nuclear reaction. Energetics of exoergic and endoergic reactions. Reaction
probability and cross section. Bohr's compound nucleus theory of nuclear reactions.
Nuclear Models:
The shell model; Evidence for magic numbers, energy level, scheme for nuclei with Infinite
Square well potential and the ground state spins. The extreme single particle prediction of
nuclear spin and magnetic dipole moments -Schmidt limits. The liquid drop model: Nuclear
binding energy, Bethe-Weizsacker's semi empirical mass formula; stability limits against
spontaneous fission and nuclear decay.
Module-03
Nuclear Decays:
 03.09.2020

Alpha decay: Quantum mechanical barrier penetration, Gammow's theory of alpha decay and
alpha half-life systematics. Beta decay: Continuous beta spectrum, neutrino hypothesis, and
Fermi's theory of beta decay, beta comparative half- life systematics. Gamma decay: Qualitative
consideration of multipole character of gamma radiation and systematics of mean lives for
gamma multipole transitions.
Module-04
Interaction of Radiation with Matter:
Interactions of charged particles with matter, ionisation energy loss, stopping power and range
energy relations for charged particles. Interaction of gamma rays; photoelectric, Compton and pair
production processes. Nuclear radiation detectors-G M counter and Scintillation detecto r
Nuclear Energy: Fission process, fission chain reaction, four factor formula and controlled
fission chain reactions, energetics of fission reactions, fission reactor. Fusion process, energetics
of fusion reactions; Controlled thermonuclear reactions; Fusion reactor. Stellar nucleo synthesis.

Module-05
Fundamental Interactions and Elementary Particles:
Basic interactions and their characteristic features. Elementary particles, classification;
Conservation laws in elementary particle decays. Quark model of elementary particles.
Question paper pattern:
➢ The question paper will have ten questions.
➢ Each full question is for 20 marks.
➢ There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full
question) from each module.
➢ Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
➢ Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Textbook/Reference Books
1 Nuclear and Particle W.E. Burcham Addison 1998 Ed
Physics and M. Jobes Wesley,
2 Nuclear Physics R R Roy and B P New Age 2nd Ed
Nigam International
3 Nuclear Physics – An S B Patel New Age
Introduction International 2 nd Ed-2011

4 Physics of Nuclei and P Mermier and E Academic Press 1970 Ed

Particles: Sheldon

5 Nuclear Physics: D C Tayal Himalaya 5th Ed-2011

6 W. A. Benjamin, 1977
Nuclei and particles : an Emilio Segre
introduction to nuclear
and subnuclear physics
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science Board)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 3 Subject 20PHY06 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Atomic and Molecular Physics

Module-01
One electron System:
Quantum states of one electron atoms, atomic orbitals, hydrogen spectrum. Spectra of alkali
elements, spin-orbit interaction and fine structure in alkali spectra.
Two electron Systems:
LS-coupling, equivalent and non-equivalent electrons, spectral terms, Pauli exclusion
principle, coupling schemes for two electrons, interaction energies for LS coupling, fine structure
splitting for sp electron configuration, Lande interval rule. jj-coupling- spectral terms,
interaction energies for jj-coupling, fine structure splitting for sp electron configuration.
Qualitative consideration of selection and intensity rules for LS and jj-coupling. Hyperfine
structure for one and two electrons and Lande interval rule.
Module-02
Weak magnetic field effects:
Normal and anamolous Zeeman effect, magnetic moment of a bound electron and Lande g-
factor, magnetic interaction energy, selection rules,
Zeeman pattern for principal series doublet, intensity rules. Zeeman effect for two electrons-
magnetic moment of the atom and g-factors, expression for magnetic interaction energy,
selection rules, Zeeman pattern transitions for diffuse-series singlet, intensity rules.
Strong magnetic field and Electric field effects:
Paschen-Back effect, expression for total energy shift, transitions for principal series doublet.
Qualitative treatment of Paschen-Back effect and complete Paschen- Back effect for two electrons.
Isotope structure. Stark effect-first and second order Stark effects in hydrogen. Width of spectral
lines (qualitative).

Module-03
 03.09.2020

Microwave, Infra-red spectra:

Types of molecules- linear, symmetric top, asymmetric top and spherical top molecules.
Theory of rotational spectra for rigid and non-rigid rotator diatomic molecules, energy
levels, intensity of rotational lines. Microwave spectrometer and applications.
Vibrational energy of diatomic molecule as simple harmonic and anharmonic oscillators,
Morse potential energy curve, energy levels and vibrational spectra. Diatomic molecule as a
vibrating-rotator, vibration-rotation spectra-P,Q,R branches. IR- spectrometer and applications
Module-04
UV-Visible spectra:
Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules, Born-Oppenheimer approximation, vibrational coarse
structure- band progressions and sequences, Frank-Condon principle-intensity of vibrational-
electronic spectra, dissociation energy and dissociation products. Rotational fine structure of
electronic-vibration transitions, determination of vibrational and rotational constants. Molecular
orbital. Classification of electronic states and multiplet structure, selection rules for electronic
transitions and simple electronic transitions. UV- Visible absorption and fluorescence
spectrophotometers and applications.
Module-05
Spectroscopic Experimental Techniques:
Sources and their types, Detectors, Single and double beam spectrophotometer, Fluorescence and
Phosphorescence, spectrofluorometer, IR spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy: Mechanism of Raman and Rayleigh’s scattering, Raman
Spectrometer, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Time- correlated single photon
counting (TCSPC).
Question paper pattern:
➢ The question paper will have ten questions.
➢ Each full question is for 20 marks.
➢ There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full
question) from each module.
➢ Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
➢ Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Textbook/Reference Books

1 Introduction to Atomic H E White McGraw Hill 1934

Spectra
2 Fundamentals of Molecular C N Banwell Tata McGraw
Spectroscopy: and 4th Ed-.
E M McCash Hill, 1999

3 Spectroscopy,Vols. 1, 2 and 3 B P Straughan Chapman

and S Walker and Hall 1990
 03.09.2020

4 Molecular Spectra and Molecular G. Herzberg, Von Van Nostrand

Structure Vol. 1: Spectra of Nostrand Reinhold 1978
Diatomic Molecules: Company

5 Spectra of Atoms and Molecules:, P F Bernath Oxford University 1995

Press
6 Introduction to Molecular G M Barrow, McGraw Hill. 1962
Spectroscopy:

7 Introduction to Infrared and Colthup, Daly and Academic Press 1975

Wiberely
Raman Spectroscopy,

8 Modern Spectroscopy, Hollas, Michael J Woley 4 th Ed-

2003
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science Board)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 4 Subject 20PHY07 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Nano Science and Nano Technology

Module-01
Introduction:
Origin of Nanotechnology, Nano materials, Types of nonmaterials, Surface area to volume
ration, Quantum confinement effect, band theory of nonmaterials. Physical and chemical
properties of nonmaterials.
Synthesis of nanomaterials:
Bottom-up approach and Top-down approach with examples. Physical methods: Inert gas
condensation, Arc Discharge, RF-plasma, plasma arc technique, electric explosion of wires,
lasers ablation, laser pyrolysis, ball milling, molecular beam epitaxial, electro deposition.
Sol-gel technique, Combustion synthesis, ultrasonic precipitation process, chemical vapour
deposition.

Module-02
Structural characterization techniques:
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS), X-Ray topography, Energy Dispersive X-Ray
Analysis(EDAX), Principles and applications of X- Ray Diffraction: Small angle X-Ray
Diffraction and Wide angle X-Ray Diffraction; Electron Diffraction, Electro probe
microanalysis (EPMA), Ion beam techniques: RBS.
Surface characterization Techniques:
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy, Basic principles and
applications of scanning probe techniques (SPM), Atomic force microscopy, and scanning
tunneling microscopy.

Module-03
Spectroscopic techniques:
UV-Visible spectroscopy, Infrared (IR) & Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy,
Raman Spectroscopy techniques: Photo luminescence Spectroscopy.
 03.09.2020

Electrical characterization Techniques:

Hall Measurement, capacitance, and voltage measurements, I-V analysis. Magnetic &
Dielectric Characterization: SQUID, Dielectric measurements, impedance and ferroelectric
measurements.
Module-04
Carbon nanostructures:
Allotropes of Carbon, Graphene, Properties of Graphene, Applications of graphene,
Fullerenes, Fullerene synthesis and purification, Properties of fullerenes. Carbon nanotubes,
Structure, Types of Carbon nanotubes, Synthesis of Carbon nanotubes, Purification of
Carbon nanotubes, Properties of Carbon nanotubes, Applications of Carbon nanotubes.
Inorganic nanostructures:
Overview of relevant semiconductor physics - Quantum confinement in semiconductor
nanostructures - The electronic density of states - Fabrication techniques - Physical processes
in semiconductor nanostructures - The characterisation of semiconductor nanostructures,
Applications of semiconductor nanostructures.
Module-05
Nanotechnology and Society
Introduction to Societal Implications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology
Goals: Knowledge and scientific understanding of nature, Industrial manufacturing,
materials and products, Medicine and the human body, Sustainability: Agriculture, water,
energy, materials and clean environment, Space exploration, National security, Moving into
the market.

Question paper pattern:

➢ The question paper will have ten questions.
➢ Each full question is for 20 marks.
➢ There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full
question) from each module.
➢ Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
➢ Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Textbook/Reference Books:

1 Nano: The Essentials: T. Pradeep Tata 2008

Understanding Nanoscience McGraw-
and Nanotecnology Hill
2 Nanotechnology: Principles Sulabha K. Kulkarni. Springer, 2014
and Practices.
3 Nanotechnology Regulation Jeffrey H. Matsuura (Artech 2006.
House)
and Policy Worldwide
4 Nanomaterials A.K.Bandhyopadhyay New Age 2008
 03.09.2020

International
Pub. New Delhi
5 Fundementals of Nanoelectronics George W. Hanson Perason 2008
education,
NewDelhi
6 Principles of Nanotechnology Phani kumar Scitech 2010
Publications,
Chennai.
7 Nanoscale Science and Robert W. Kelsall, Ian John Wiley 2005
W. Hamley and Mark & Sons,
Technology Geoghegan
Ltd., UK
8 Introduction to Charles P. Poole Jr and Wiley 2003
Frank J. Owens Interscience
Nanotechnology,

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science Board)
As per the regulation 2020
 03.09.2020

Group no. 4 Subject 20PHY08 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Materials Science

Module-01
Engineering Materials:
Materials science and engineering, Classification, Levels of structure, Structure-property
relationship in materials.
Structure of Solids:
The crystalline and Non-crystalline states, Covalent solids, Metals and alloys, Ionic solids,
The structure of silica and silicates.
Crystal growth:
Crystal growth from melt: Bridgemann technique, Crystal pulling by Czochralski's method,
Growth from solutions, Hydrothermal method, Gel method, Zone refining method of
purification.
Crystal imperfections:
Point imperfections, Dislocation, Edge and Screw dislocation, Concept of Burger vector
and Burger circuit, Surface imperfections, Colour centres in ionic solids.
Module-02
Solid Phases and Phase diagrams:
Single and multiphase solids, Solid solutions and Hume- Rothery rules, Intermediate phase,
The intermetallic and interstitial compounds, Properties of alloys: solid solutions and two
component alloy systems; Phase diagram, Gibbs phase rule, Lever rule; First, second and
third order phase transitions with examples;Some typical phase diagrams: Pb-Sn and Fe-
Fe2O3; Eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic and peritectoid systems.

Phase transformation:

Time scale for phase changes; Nucleation and growth, nucleation kinetics; Growth and overall
transformation kinetics, Applications: transformation in steel; Precipitation processes,
solidification and crystallization; Glass transition, recovery, recrystallization and grain growth.
Diffusion in Solids:
Theory of diffusion, Self-diffusion, Fick's law of diffusion, Kirkindal effect, Activation
energy for diffusion, Applications of diffusion.
Module-03

Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterials:

Introduction, Energy Storage Basics, General Information: Electrical Energy Storage Devices and
 03.09.2020

Impact of Nanomaterials, Batteries, Capacitors - Gold Standards (State of the Art) for Both Batteries
and Capacitors - Electrochemical Properties of Nanoscale Materials- Aerogels and Structure-Directed
Mesoporous and Macroporous Solids - Nanoparticles - Nanotubes, Nanowires, and Nanorolls.
Nanoscale Mechanics - Introduction, Mechanical properties, Density Considered as an Example
Property, The Elasticity of Nanomaterials, Elasticity of Bulk Nanomaterials, Plastic Deformation of
Nanomaterials - The Physical Basis of Yield Strength, Crystals and Crystal Plasticity, From Crystal
Plasticity to Polycrystal Plasticity.
Module-04
Nanooptics:
Absorption: direct and indirect bandgap transitions - Emission: photoluminescence and Raman
Scattering, Emission: Chemiluminescence and Electroluminescence, Shape dependent optical
properties, Optical absorption, Optical emission, Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) - Surface
enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).
Nanocatalysis :
Introduction, nanomaterials in catalysis, metals, recent progress, nanostructured adsorbant,
metals, controlled pore size materials, pelletized nanocrystal, nanoparticles as new chemical
reagents, metals, metal oxide reactions, nanocomposite polymers, fluids, inks and dyes, block
co polymers and dendrimers, nanocrystal superlattices.

Module-05
Nanomagnetism:
Introduction, fundamental concepts, magnetic materials, dia, para and ferromagnetism -
magnetic phenomena in ferromagnetic materials, magnetic anisotropy, magnetic domains,
hysteresis small particle magnetism, single domain particles, coercivity of single domain
particles, superparamagnetism, the coercivity of small particles - review of some issue in
nanoscale magnetism.

Question paper pattern:

➢ The question paper will have ten questions.
➢ Each full question is for 20 marks.
➢ There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full
question) from each module.
➢ Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
➢ Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Textbook/Reference Books :
1 Elements of L. H. Van
Vlack th
Materials science Addison Wesley 6 , Ed-1989
and Engineering
2 Materials Science and V. Raghvan Printice Hall of 5th Ed-, 2009
 03.09.2020

Engineering India
3 Materials Science and S. K. Hazra Indian Distr Co 3rd Ed-2009
Processes Chaudary
4 Introduction to Solids L. V. Azaroff Tata McGraw 2017
Hill
5 Nanoscale materials in Kenneth J. John Wiley & 2nd Ed- 2009.
chemistry Klabunde Sons
6 Optical properties and Jin Zhong World Scientific 3rd Ed- 2009
spectroscopy of Zhang
nanomaterials
7 Nanoelectronics and K. Goser, P. Springer 2008
nanosystems, Glösekötter and
J. Dienstuhl
8 Nanomaterials: Mechanics K. T. Ramesh Springer 2009
and Mechanisms

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science Board)
As per the regulation 2020
 03.09.2020

Group no. 5 Subject 20PHY09 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Physics of Liquid Crystal and Polymer Science

Module-01

Liquid crystals
Introduction, classification of liquid crystals, thermotropic liquid crystals (rod like
molecules), chirality in liquid crystals, nematic, cholestrric and smectic mesophases,
polymorphism in thermotropic liquid crystals, polymer liquid crystals and their applications,
distribution functions and order parameter, measurement of order parameters by X-ray
diffraction.
Theories of phase transition:
Nature of phase transitions and critical phenomena in liquid crystals, Mier-Saupe theory for
nematic-isotropic and nematic-smectic A transitions, optical properties of cholesteric liquid
crystals, the blue phases, pressure induced mesomorphism.
Continuum Theory:
Continuum theory of the nematic state, liquid crystals in electric and magnetic fields,
magnetic coherence length, Freedericksz transitions, field-induced cholesteric-nematic
transition, continuum theory of smectic. A Phase, Reentrant phenomena in liquid crystals.
Module-02
Ferroelectric and discotic liquid crystals
Ferroelectric liquid crystals, applications of ferroelectric liquid crystals, discotic liquid
crystals, he columnar liquid crystal, the discotic nematic phase. Lyotropic liquid crystals,
constituents of lyotropic liquid crystals, structures of lyotropic liquid crystal phases,
biological membranes.
Module-03
Identification of liquid crystal phases and liquid crystal technology
Identification of nematic, smectic and chiral liquid crystal phases by optical polarizing
microscopy (Visual appearance and texture), Phase identification with Differential Scanning
Calorimetry, liquid crystal display, the twisted nematic liquid crystal displays,
liquid crystal displays using polymers, applications of liquid crystals.

Module-04
Polymer Science
Introduction and methods of synthesis:
 03.09.2020

Macromolecular concepts, structural feature of polymers, correlation between structure and

properties of various polymerization methods.
Industrial methods for polymer production & characterization techniques:
Bulk, solution, suspension and emulsion polymerization techniques, interfacial, melt and
solution polycondensation, some other miscellaneous techniques.
Concepts on chemical & physical properties:
Chemical bonds, polymer solubility, chemical reactivity, polymer degradations, toxicity,
diffusion and permeability, flammability, recycling, reclamation etc

Module-05
Rheology of polymers
Stress and strain, types of deformation, Newtonian and non-newtonian fluid, apparent
viscosity, the power law, molecular hole concept, Weisenberg effect, melt fracture, ideal
elastic behaviour, viscoelastic behaviour, plastic stress-strain behaviour, creep, toughness,
measurement methods.
Microstructure of polymers and order in crystalline polymers:
Microstructures based on chemical and geometrical structures, properties related to structures,
crystalline and non-crystalline polymers degree of crystallinity, factors affecting crystallinity
and crystallisability, helix structure, spherulites
Transition temperatures & properties of polymers:
Glass transition temperature, melting temperature, measurement methods, factors affecting
transition temperatures as well as properties, Heat distortion temperature.

Question paper pattern:

➢ The question paper will have ten questions.
➢ Each full question is for 20 marks.
➢ There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full
question) from each module.
➢ Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
➢ Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Textbook/Reference Books
1 Liquid Crystals S. Cambridge 2nd Ed -1996
Chandrasekhar Univ Press
2 Thermotropic Liquid Vertogen and Springer Series 2nd Ed-1988
Crystals Jeu.
3 The Physics of Liquid De Geenes and Claredon Press 2nd Ed-1995
Crystals Prost
4 Polymer Science and P. Ghosh Mc Graw-Hill 3rd Ed-1990
Tech. of Plastics
5 Introduction to polymers Young & Lovell CRC Press 2nd Ed-1991
 03.09.2020

6 Plastic materials and A. Brent strong CRC Press 3rd Ed-2005

processing
7 Polymer Science V. R. Govarikar. New Age 2019
International,
Publisher

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Enter Branch Name)
As per the regulation 2020
 03.09.2020

Group no. Subject 20PHY10 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Measurement Techniques

Module-01
Fluorescence Spectroscopy:
Phenomena of Fluorescence, Jablonski Diagram, Characteristics of Fluorescence Emission,
The Stokes Shift, Emission Spectra Are Typically Independent of the Excitation
Wavelength, Exceptions to the Mirror-Image Rule, Fluorescence Lifetimes and Quantum
Yields, Fluorescence Quenching, Timescale of Molecular Processes in Solution,
Fluorescence Anisotropy, Resonance Energy Transfer, Steady-State and Time-Resolved
Fluorescence.

Module-02
Fluorescence Quenching:
Introduction, quenchers of fluorescence, Theory of collidal quenching, Derivation of
Stern- Volmer equation, Interpretation of bimolecular quenching constants, theory of
static quenching, Comparision between static and dynamic quenching. Combined
dynamic and static quenching with examples. Deviation from the Stern-Volmer equantion
- Quenching sphere of action.Derivation of the quenching sphere of action, Origin of the
Smoluchowski equation.

Module-03
Mechanisms and Dynamics of Fluorescence Quenching
Introduction, comparision of quenching and resonance energy transfer, distance
dependence of resonance energy transfer and quenching, encounter complexes nd
quenching efficiency, mechanisms of quenching: Intersystem crossing or heavy atome
effect, electron exchange,photoinduced electron transfer. Transient effects in quenching,

Fluorescence Sensing:
Optical Clinical Chemistry and spectral observable, spectral observable for fluorescence
sensing, Mechanism of sensing, sensing collisional quenching - oxygen sensing, chloride
sensors, energy transfer sensing - pH and pCO2 sensing by energy transfer, glucose sensing
by energy transfer, ion sensing by energy transfer, theory of energy transfer sensing.
 03.09.2020

Module-04
Solvent and Environmental Effects on Fluorescence spectra:
Stokes' shifts and solvent relaxation, general and specific solvent effects, other mechnisms
for spectral shifts. Lippert equation, Derivation of Lippert equation, Applications of
Lippert equation, Specific solvent effects. Temperature effects, Additional factors that
affects the emission spectra - locally excited and internal charge transfer states, excites
state intramolecular proton transfer, effects of viscosity, probe-probe interaction and effect
of solvent mixtures.

Module-05
Experimental Techniques:
Overview of Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Measurements, Meaning of the Lifetime
or Decay Time, Phase and Modulation Lifetimes, Examples of Time-Domain and
Frequency-Domain Lifetimes, Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting, Principles and
Example of TCSPC Data, Convolution Integral, Light Sources for TCSPC, Laser Diodes and
Light-Emitting Diodes, Femto second Titanium Sapphire Lasers, Pico-second Dye Lasers,
Flash lamps.
Question paper pattern:
➢ The question paper will have ten questions.
➢ Each full question is for 20 marks.
➢ There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full
question) from each module.
➢ Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
➢ Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Textbook/Reference Books:
1 Principles of Joseph R. Lakowicz Sringer International 2006
Fluorescence Edition
Spectroscopy
2 Introduction to David M. Jameson CRC Press 1 st Ed-
Fluorescence 2014
3 Fundamentals of Rohtagi - Wiley Eastern 1992
Photochemistry Mukherjee K K Ltd
4 Photophysics of Aromatic Birks J B Wiley - 1970
Molecules Interscience,
London
5 Principles of Instrumental Douglas A. Skoog, F. Harcourt College 2001
Analysis James Holler & Publishers
Timothy A. Nieman
6 Instrumental 4Methods of Gurudeep R.Chatwal Himalya Publishing 1979
Chemical Analysis & Sham K. Anand House
7 Instrumental Methods of Willard Merrit, Dean , CBS Publishers 1986
Analysis: Settle and Distributors
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science Board)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 6 Subject 20PHY11 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Laser Physics and Biophysics

Module-01
Coherence: Coherence, spatial and temporal coherence, measurement of spatial and
temporal coherence, coherence time, coherence length, line width and monochromaticity;
coherence time and line width via Fourier analysis, complex degree of coherence and fringe
visibility in Young's double hole experiment.
Laser rate equations:
Basic structure of a Laser, theory of laser oscillations, round-trip power gain and threshold
condition. Rate equations for two, three and four level lasers; variation of laser power around
threshold, optimum output coupling.
Optical resonators:
Plane-parallel resonator, spherical resonator, confocal resonator, unstable resonator, losses
in optical resonator, quality factor Q.
Line broadening mechanisms and laser modes:
Line shape broadening: Doppler broadening, collision broadening, natural radiative
lifetime broadening, homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening.
Laser modes: Longitudinal and transverse modes, experimental arrangement for mode
selection.
Gain saturation, gain saturation in homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened lasers,
hole burning.
Module-02
Single and multimode oscillations:
Multimode oscillations, single-line and single-mode oscillation, frequency pulling, Lamb
dip and laser frequency stabilization; ultimate line width of the laser (limit to mono
chromaticity), laser spiking in time-dependent condition.
Q-switching and mode locking techniques: Q-switching, production of a giant pulse;
methods of Q-switching: Mechanical shutters, electro-optical shutters, acousto-optic Q-
switches, shutter using saturable dyes, peak-power emitted during the pulse, giant pulse
dynamics.
Mode locking: Active and passive mode locking techniques, ultrashort laser pulses, Laser
amplifiers.
 03.09.2020

Module-03
Types of Lasers:
Solid state Lasers: Nd:YAG and Nd:Glass lasers. Gas Lasers: Ionic Lasers: Ar + Laser,
Metal vapour Lasers: He-Cd laser and copper vapour laser. Molecular Laser: CO2 Laser
and its types. Liquid Lasers: Dye lasers, ring dye laser, tuning techniques. Excimer laser,
chemical laser, semiconductor laser, colour center laser, free-electron laser, X-ray laser and
gamma laser.
Module-04
Cell biophysics:
Cell doctrine; General organisation and composition of the cells.
Bioenergetics:
The biological energy cycle and the energy currency. Thermodynamic concepts; Free
energy of a system- Gibb's free energy function, Chemical potential and redox potentials.
Energy conversion pathways-Kreb's cycle; respiratory chain, oxidative phosphorylation.
Photosynthesis- photosynthetic apparatus; mechanisms of energytrapping and transfer;
photophosporylation.
Membrane biophysics:
Cell membranes- structure, function and models; Transport across membranes- passive and
active processes; Chemiosmotic energy transduction- van't Hoff equation; Ionic equilibrium-
electrochemical potential; Nernst's equation; Flow across membranes- membrane permeability.
Neurophysics:
The nervous system. Synaptic transmission; information processing in neuronal systems.
Physical basis of biopotentials; Action potential; Nernst-Planck equation. Nerve excitation
and conduction; Hodgkin-Huxley model.
Module-05
Physiological biophysics:
Physics of sensory organs- the transmission of information; Generator potentials. Visual
receptor- mechanism of image formation; Auditory receptor- mechanism of sound perception;
Mechanisms of chemical, somatic and visceral receptors. Mechanism of muscle contractility
and motility. Temporal organisation- basis of biorhythms.
Question paper pattern:
➢ The question paper will have ten questions.
➢ Each full question is for 20 marks.
➢ There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full
question) from each module.
➢ Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
➢ Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Textbook/Reference Books:
 03.09.2020

1 Optics Ajoy Ghatak Tata Mc-Graw- 2 nd Ed-

2017
Hill
2 Lasers: Theory and K. Thyagarajan Mc-Millan India 1st Ed-1981
Applications and A. K. Ghatak Ltd.
3 Optical Electronics Ajoy Ghatak and Cambridge 1st Ed-1989
K. Thyagarajan Univ. Press
4 Lasers and Non-Linear B. B. Laud, New Age Intl 7th Ed-2016
Optics
5 Essentials of P Narayanan New Age Intl 2nd Ed-2001
Biophysics
6 Biophysics V Pattabhi and N Narosa Publishing 2002.
Gautham House
7 Biophysics, W Hoppe, W Springer Verlag, 1983
Lohmann, H Markl,
H Ziegler
8 Biophysics and Human I W Sherman and V (Oxford 1979
Approach, G Sherman

9 Molecular Cell H Lodish, A Berk, S . New York: W. 4th Ed-2000

Biology L Zipursky, P H. Freeman;
Matsudaira, D
Baltomore and J
Darnel
10 Biophysical principles : F M Snell, S Wesley 1965
of structure and Shulman, R P
function Addition Spensor and C Moos

11 An introduction to ,C Sybesma Academic Press 1977

biophysics
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science Board)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 6 Subject 20PHY12 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Electronics and Instrumentation

Module-01
Analog IC s and Applications
Integrated Circuits, microelectronics technology; IC packages relevant to BJT and MOS.
Basic characteristics of operational amplifier: Offset error voltage and currents, inverting
and non-inverting amplification using closed loop concept, input and output impedance.
Adder and subtractor circuits, voltage to current convertor, current to voltage converter, analog
integration and differentiation, analog computation, logarithmic and exponential amplifiers,
comparators and voltage regulators. Waveform generators: RC-oscillator, Wein bridge
oscillator, multivibrators, square and triangle wave generator, Schmitt trigger. Digital to
analog convertor, analog to digital converters.
Module-02
Digital IC s and applications
Combinational digital system: Binary adders, arithmetic function, decoder- demultiplexer,
data selector, multiplexer, encoder, read only memory (ROM), PROMs and EPROMs.
Sequential circuits and systems: 1 bit memory, clocked flip-flops, S-R, J-K, T and D-type
flip-flops, shift registers, asynchronous and synchronous counters and their applications
(qualitative). Microprocessors: architecture and operation, memory, input/output, timing
instructions.
Module-03
Transducers
Electrical transducer types and their selection. Resistive Transducers: Strain Gauges-
resistance wire gauge and semiconductor gauge. Thermometer, Platinum resistance and
thermistor. Inductive Transducer: Principle, variable reluctance type, differential output
transducer, linear variable differential transducer (LVDT). Piezoelectric transducer.
Photoelectric transducerss: Photomultiplier tube, Photoconductive cell, Photovoltaic cell,
semiconductor photo diode, phototransistor. Thermoelectric transducers: Resistance
 03.09.2020

temperature detector (RTD), Thermocouples. Signal conditioning: Need, methods,

instrumentation amplifier.
Module-04
Photoelectric transducers:
Photomultiplier tube, Photoconductive cell, Photovoltaic cell, semiconductor photo diode,
phototransistor. Thermoelectric transducers: Resistance temperature detector (RTD),
Thermocouples. Signal conditioning: Need, methods, instrumentation amplifier
Module-05
Physical methods of analysis
Thermal methods: Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA); Differential Scanning Calorimetry
(DSC); Thermo gravimetric analyses (TGA). Electron microscopy: Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scanning tunnelling electron
microscopy (STEM). Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: NMR- principle, spectrometer,
application. ESR- principle, spectrometer, applications. Vacuum Technique: Production by
rotary and diffusion pumps, measurement by Pirani and Penning gauges.
Question paper pattern:
➢ The question paper will have ten questions.
➢ Each full question is for 20 marks.
➢ There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full
question) from each module.
➢ Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
➢ Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each
module.
Textbook/Reference Books:
1 Microprocessor Ramesh S
Architecture, Programming Gaonkar TMH 5th Ed-
2002
and Applications
2 Electronic Instrumentation H. S. Kalsi, TMH 1995
3 Instrumental method of Willard, Merritt, CBS Publishers 6th Ed-
Analysis Dean and Settle & Distributors 1988
4 Electronic Fundamentals and J D Ryder Prentice Hall 5nd Ed-
Applications 2007
5 Instruments methods of Chatwal and Himalaya
Chemical analysis Publishing House 5th Ed-
Anand 2005
6 Digital Principles and Malvino and TMH 2nd Ed
Application Leach
7 Handbook of R. S. Khandpur, Tata McGraw- 1 st Ed-
Analytical Hill Publishing 2005
Instruments, Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
03.09.2020
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 01 Subject Code 20CHE01 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Inorganic Chemistry-I

Module-01 Chemistry of transition elements.

General characteristic and properties of transition elements, Coordination chemistry of transition metal ions,
Stereochemistry of coordination compounds, Crystal field theory for tetrahedral, octahedral, square pyramidal and
square planar complexes, Splitting of d- orbital’s, Crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE), Factors affecting the
crystal field parameters, Strong and weak field complexes, Spectrochemical series, Jahn-Teller effect, Interpretation
of electronic spectra including d-d and charge transfer spectra.

Module-02 Transition metal carbonyls and related compounds.

Introduction, Preparation, structure, physical and chemical properties of metal carbonyls, Anionic and cationic
carbonyl complexes, Lewis base derivatives of carbonyls, Carbonyl hydrides, Carbonyl halides, Miscellaneous
derivatives of metal carbonyls, Nitrosyl complexes of transition metals, complexes of molecular nitrogen, Cyanide
complexes of transition metals.

Module-03 Organometallic Chemistry.

Synthesis, bonding, structure and reactivity of organometallic compounds, Classification of organometallic

compounds based on hapticity and polarity of M-C bond, Nomenclature and general characters, 18 electron rule-
applications and exceptions, Reactions of organometallic compounds: Oxidative addition, reductive elimination,
Insertion and elimination, Organometallics in homogeneous catalysis: Hydrogenation, hydroformylation,
isomerization and polymerization.

Module-04 Metal-ligand Equilibrium in solution.

Thermodynamic Vs. kinetic stability, Stability constant, Stepwise and overall stability constants with their relation,
Trends in stepwise stability constant, Factors affecting the stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature
of metal ion and ligand, Chelate effect, Ternary complexes and factors affecting their stabilities, Stability of metal
complexes of crown ethers, Determination of stability constants by spectrophotometric methods (Job’s and
Mole/slope ratio for composition), Bjerrum’s Ph metric method.

Module-05 Bioinorganic Chemistry

Metal ions in Biology, Molecular mechanism of ion transport across membranes; ionophores. Photosynthesis. PSL,
PSH; nitrogen fixation, oxygen uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferrodoxins.

Reference Books:

1. A. F. Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry – 5th edition (1984

2. J. H. Huheey, Inorganic Chemistry-Principles, structure and reactivity, Harper and Row Publisher, Inc. New York
(1972)
3. J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, Elbs with Chapman and Hall, London
4. A. R. West, Plenum, Solid State Chemistry and its applications
 03.09.2020

5. H. J. Emeleus and A. G. Sharpe, Modern Inorganic Chemistry

6. A. R. West, Basic Solid State Chemistry, 2nd edition
7. M. C. Day and J. Selbin, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, Reinhold, EWAP
8. A. H. Hanney, Solid State Chemistry, A. H. Publications
9. O. A. Phiops, Metals and Metabolism
10. Cullen Dolphin and James, Biological aspects of Inorganic Chemistry
11. Williams, An Introduction to Bioinorganic Chemistry
12. M. N. Hughes, Inorganic Chemistry of Biological Processes
13. Ochi, Bioinorganic Chemistry
14. F. A. Cotton, R. G. Wilkinson. Advanced Inorganic chemistry
15. Willam L. Jooly, Modern Inorganic Chemistry
16. Manas Chanda, Atomic Structure and Chemical bonding
17. N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of elements,. Pergamon
18. S. J. Lippard, J.M . Berg, Principles of bioinorganic Chemistry, University Science Books
10. G. L. Eichhron, Inorganic Biochemistry, Vol I and II, Elesevier

Question paper pattern:

· The question paper will have ten questions.
· Each full question is for 20 marks.
· There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full question) from each module.
· Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
· Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 01 Subject Code 20CHE02 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Inorganic Chemistry-II

Module-01 Chemistry of Non-transition Elements

General discussion on the properties of the nontransition elements; special features of Individual
elements; synthesis, properties and structure of their halides and oxides, polymorphyism of carbon,
phosphorus and sulphur. Synthesis, properties and structure of boranes, Carboranes, borazines, silicates
carbides, sillicones, phosphazenes, sulphurnitrogen compounds: peroxo compounds of boron, carbon and
sulphur; oxy acids of nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur and halogens, interhalogens pseudohalides and
noble gas compounds.

Module-02 Chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides

Lanthanides and actinides: separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectral

properties; lanthanide contraction.

Module-03 Metal Compounds in Medicine

Medicinal use of metal complexes as antibacterial, anticancer, use of cis-platin as antitumor drug,
antibiotics & related compounds. Metal deficiency and disease, iron deficiency, zinc deficiency and
copper deficiency, Metal used for diagnosis and chemotherapy with reference to anti-cancer drugs.
Chelate therapy, chemotherapy with compounds of some non-essential elements; platinum complexes in
cancer therapy. Antiviral activity of metal complexes. Gold containing drugs used in the therapy of
Rheumatic-Arthritis, Gold complexes as anticancer drug. Lithium in psycho pharmacological drugs.
Antimicrobial agents

Module-04 Nuclear reactions and Nuclear fission Introduction

Production of projectiles, nuclear cross section, nuclear dynamics, threshold energy of nuclear reaction,
Coulomb scattering, potential barrier, potential well, formation of a compound nucleus, Nuclear reactions,
direct Nuclear reactions, heavy ion induced nuclear reactions, photonuclear reactions. Liquid drop model
of fission, fission barrier and threshold, fission cross section, mass energy and charge distribution of
fission products, symmetric and a symmetric fission, decay chains and delayed neutrons.

Module-05 Reactor Theory and Applications of Radioactivity

Nuclear fission as a source of energy, Nuclear chain reacting systems, critical size of a reaction, research
reactors, graphite moderated, heterogeneous, enriched uranium reactors, light water moderated,
heterogeneous, enriched uranium reactors, water boilers enriched aq. Homogeneous reactors,
Thermonuclear reactors, gamma interactions, shielding and health protection. Reactors in India. Tracer
technique in the field of analytical chemistry structure determination elucidation of reaction mechanism,
isotopic dilution analysis, neutron activation analysis applications in biological, medical, industrial fields,
Age determination.
 03.09.2020

Reference Books:

1. Jones: Elementary Coordination Chemistry. J. Weily

2. Graddon: Introduction to Coordination Chemistry. J. Weily
3. Drago: Physical methods of Inorganic Chemistry. J. Weily.
4. Graddon: Introduction to coordination Chemistry, Parasmom
5. Lewis and Wilkins: Coordination Chemistry. J. Weily
6. Msrtel: Coordination Chemistry Vol I, II VNR
7. Friedlander, Kennedy and Miller, Nuclear and Radio Chemistry: John Wiley
8. B. G. Harvey, Nuclear Chemistry
9. Hassinsky: Translated by D. G. Tuck, Nuclear Chemistry and its application: Addison Wiley
10. B.G. Harvey, Introduction to Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
11. Maeclefort: Nuclear Chemistry: D. Van Nostrand 6. An N. Nesmeyannoy: Radiochemistry: Mir

Question paper pattern:

· The question paper will have ten questions.
· Each full question is for 20 marks.
· There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full question) from each module.
· Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
· Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 02 Subject Code 20CHE03 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Organic Chemistry-I

Module-01 A) Reaction Mechanism: Structure and Reactivity

Types of reactions, strength of acids and bases. Generation, structure, stability and reactivity of
carbenes, arynes, nitrenes and effect of structure on reactivity, resonance and field , steric effects.
Thermodynamic and Kinetic requirements, Introduction to Kinetic and Thermodynamic control
reaction.

B) Aliphatic Nucleophilic substitutions

The SN2, SN1 and SNi reactions with respects to mechanism and stereochemistry. Nucleophilic
substitutions at an allylic, aliphatic trigonal, benzylic, and vinylic carbons. Reactivity effect of
substrate structure, effect of attacking nucleophiles, leaving groups and reaction medium. SN
reactions at bridge head carbon, competition between SN1 and SN2, Ambident nucleophiles,
Neighboring Group Participation.

Module-02 A) Introduction to aromaticity in Benzenoid and non – Benzenoid compounds.

Three, four and five membered systems. tropone, tropolone, tropylium salts.
B I] Aromatic Electrophilic Substitutions
Introduction, the arenium ion mechanism, orientation and reactivity in Nitration, Sulphonation,
Friedel-Crafts and Halogenation in aromatic
systems, energy profile diagrams. The ortho/para ratio, ipso attack, orientation in their ring systems.
Diazo-coupling, Vilsmeier-Haak reaction,
Von Richter rearrangement
II] Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions SN1, SN2.

Module-03 Elimination Reactions

The E1, E2 and E1cB mechanisms. Orientation in Elimination reactions. Hofman versus Saytzeff
elimination, Reactivity: effects of substrate structures, attacking base, the leaving group, the nature of
medium on elimination reactions. Pyrolytic elimination reactions.

Module-04 Study of following reactions and their mechanism.

Mechanism of condensation reaction involving enolates, Benzoin, Stobbe, Robinson annulation,

Simon-Smith, Dakin, Wurtz-Fittig reaction, Hunsdiecker reaction, Pummerer, Rupe, Gabriel–
Colman,Corey-Chaykovsky reaction, Nef reaction, Passerini reaction, Baylis-Hilman reaction.
 03.09.2020

Module-05 Stereochemistry

Concept of chirality Prochiral relationship, homotopic, enantiotopic and disteriotopic groups and
faces. Recemic modifications and their resolution, R and S nomenclature.Conformational analysis :
Cyclohexane derivatives, stability and reactivity,Conformational analysis of disubstituted
cyclohexanes. Introduction of optical activity in the absence of chiral carbon (spiranes and allenes)

Reference Books:

1. A guide book to mechanism in Organic chemistry (Orient-Longmens)- Peter Sykes

2. Organic Reaction Mechanism (Benjamin) R. Breslow
3. Mechanism and Structure in Organic chemistry (Holt Reinh.)E. S. Gould.
4. Organic Chemistry(McGraw-Hill)Hendrikson, Cram and Hammond.
5. Basic principles of Organic Chemistry (Benjamin) J. D.Roberts and M. C. Caserio.
6. Reactive Intermediates in Organic Chemistry (John Wiley)N. S. Issacs.
7. Stereochemistry of Carbon compounds. (McGraw-Hill)E.L.Eliel
8. Organic Stereochemistry (McGraw-Hill) by Hallas.
9. Organic Reaction Mechanism (McGraw-Hill) R. K. Bansal.
10. Organic Chemistry- R. T. Morrison and R. N. Boyd,(Prentice Hall.)
11. Modern Organic Reactions(Benjumin) H. O. House.
12. Principle of organic synthesis- R.O.C. Norman and J. M. Coxon.(ELBS)
13. Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry- S. M. Mukharji and S. P. Singh.
14. Stereochemistry of Organic compoundsc) D. Nasipuri.
15. Advanced Organic Chemistry (McGraw-Hill) J. March.
16. Introduction to stereochemistry(Benjumin) K. Mislow.
17. Stereochemistry by P. S. Kalsi (New Age International)

Question paper pattern:

· The question paper will have ten questions.
· Each full question is for 20 marks.
· There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full question) from each module.
· Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
· Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 02 Subject 20CHE04 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Organic Chemistry-II

Module-01 Methods of determining reaction mechanism

Kinetic Methods: Order and Molecularity, Methods of following reaction rates, Types of
reactions: 1st, 2nd and 3rd order reactions; Reversible, Consecutive and Parallel reactions.
Energy of Activation, Entropy of Activation, Effect of Ionic strength, Solvent effect and Kinetic
isotopic effect Non-Kinetic Methods: Identification of reaction products, Testing of the possible
intermediates, trapping of the intermediates, isotopic labeling, Reaction catalysis, Cross-over
experiments, Stereochemical studies and Use of physical properties. Hammett and Taft
equations.
Module-02 A) Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

Woodward- Fisher rules for conjugated dienes and carbonyl compounds; Calculation of λ max.
Ultraviolet spectra of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds, Steric effect in biphenyls.

B) IR Spectroscopy: Characteristic vibrational frequencies of alkanes; alkenes; alkynes;

aromatic compounds; alcohols; ethers; phenols and amines. Detailed study of vibrational
frequencies of carbonyl compounds [ketones; aldehydes; esters; amides; acids; anhydrides;
lactones; lactams and conjugated carbonyl compounds] Effect of hydrogen bonding and solvent
effect on vibrational frequencies; overtones; combination bands and Fermi resonance. FT-IR of
gaseous; solids and polymeric materials.

Module-03 NMR Spectroscopy

General introduction and definition; chemical shift; spin –spin interaction; shielding mechanism
of measurement; chemical shift values and correlation for protons bonded to carbons [aliphatic;
olefinic; aldehydic and aromatic] and other nuclei [alcohols; phenols; enols; acids; ammines;
amides and mercaptons]; chemical exchange; effect of deuteration; complex spin-spin interaction
between two; three; four; and five nuclei [first order spectra]; virtual coupling. Stereochemistry;
hindered rotation; Karplus curve variation of coupling constant with dihedral angle.
Simplification Simplification of complex spectra; nuclear magnetic double resonance; shift
reagent; solvent effect. Fourier transform technique, nuclear overhauser effect [NOE] Resonance
of other nuclei – F; P.

Module-04 Mass Spectrometry

Introduction, ion production- EI, CI, FD and FAB, factors affecting fragmentation, ion analysis,
ion abundance. Mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds, common functional groups,
 03.09.2020

molecular ion peak, metastable peak, McLafferty rearrangement, nitrogen rule. Highresolution
mass spectrometry. Examples of mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds with respect
to their structure determination.

Module-05 A) Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy

General considerations; chemical shift [aliphatic, olefinic, alkyne, aromatic, heteroaromatic and
carbonyl compounds]; problems associated with 13C, FTNMR, proton decoupled off resonance.
B) Structural problems based on combined spectroscopic techniques (including reaction
sequences)
Reference Books:

1. V.M. Parikh, Application spectroscopy of organic molecules. (Mehta)

2. D.W. Williams and Flemming, Spectroscopic methods of organic compound.
3. Silverstein and Basslar, Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds V.M.
Parikh ORPTION SPECTROSCIPY OF ORGANIC MOLECULES ( J. Wiley )
4. P.S. Kalsi Spectroscope of organic compounds ( New age publisher )
5. J.R. Dyer. Application of absorption spectroscopy of organic compounds.
6. Jackman and Sterneil , Application of NMR spectroscopy
7. Nuclear magnetic resonance. J.D. Roberts (J. Wiley)
8. Theory and application of U.V. Jafee and Orchin.
9. Mass spectroscopy K. Benjamin.
10. The mass spectra of organic molecules. Beynon J H.
11. Interpretation of carbon 13 NMR Wehli F.W, Marchand A. P. ( J. Wiley )
12. Organic Spectroscopy W. Kemp, ELBS
13. Instrumental methods of analysis CBS. Willard Merritt and Dean.
14. Mass Spectroscopy. Das and Jame

Question paper pattern:

· The question paper will have ten questions.
· Each full question is for 20 marks.
· There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full question) from each module.
· Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
· Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 03 Subject 20CHE05 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Physical Chemistry-I

Module-01 THERMODYNAMICS

Introduction, revision of basic concepts: Entropy and third law of thermodynamics. Methods of
determining the practical absolute entropies. Entropies of phase transition. Maxwell relations and
its applications, thermodynamic equation of state. Ideal and non-ideal solutions,
Thermodynamics of nonelectrolyte solutions. Raoult’s law. Duhem-Margules equation and its
applications to vapor pressure curves (Binary liquid mixture). Gibbs-Duhem equation and its
applications to study of partial molar quantities. Chemical potential, variation of chemical
potential with temperature & pressure. Henry’s law. Excess and mixing thermodynamic
properties. Equilibrium constants and general conditions of equilibrium in terms of
thermodynamic potentials.

Module-02 STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS

Probability and distribution, Stirling Approximation, Weights and configurations, the most
probable configuration, Ensembles, ensemble average and time average of property. Statistical
equilibrium, thermodynamic probability, Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution law. Partition
function and its significance. Rotational, translational, vibrational and electronic partition
functions. Relationship between partition function and thermodynamic properties.
thermodynamic probability and entropy: Boltzmann – Planck equation, Partition function and
third law of thermodynamics, Application to monoatomic gases - Sackur tetrode equation,
applications to diatomic molecules, Statistical expression for equilibrium constant, Limitations of
Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics,

Module-03 CHEMICAL KINETICS

Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractional order reactions;
Rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive and chain reactions; Branching chain and
explosions; effect of temperature and pressure on rate constant. Study of fast reactions by stop-
flow and relaxation methods. Collisions and transition state theories.

Module-04 COLLOIDS AND SURFACE PHENOMENA

Colloidal Systems-Sols, Lyophilic and lyophobic sols, properties of sols, coagulation. Sols of
surface active reagents, surface tension and surfactants, electrical phenomena at interfaces
including electrokinetic effects, micelles, reverse micelles, solubilization. Thermodynamics of
 03.09.2020

micellization, critical micelle concentration, factors affecting critical micelle concentration

(cmc), experimental methods of cmc determination, Micellar catalysis. Adsorption, adsorption
isotherms, methods for determining surface structure and composition, BET equation, surface
area determination, Gibbsadsorption equation and its verification. Application of photoelectron
spectroscopy, ESCA and Auger spectroscopy to the study of surfaces.

Module-05 PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND SOLUTIONS

Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase

equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids—upper and lower critical solution
temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance and determination; excess
thermodynamic functions and their determination.

Reference Books:

1. Physical Chemistry – P. W. Atkins, Oxford University press, 8th edition, 2006.

2. Text book of Physical Chemistry – S. Glasstone.
3. Principles of Physical Chemistry – Marron and Pruton.
4. Physical Chemistry – G. M. Barrow, Tata-McGraw Hill, Vth edition, 2003.
5. Thermodynamics for Chemists – S. Glasstone, D. Van Nostrand , 1965.
6. Thermodynamics: A Core Course- R. C. Srivastava, S. K. Saha and A. K. Jain, Prentice-Hall
of India, IInd edition, 2004
7. Elements of statistical thermodynamics - L. K. Nash, 2nd Ed. Addison Wesley 1974.
8. Theoretical Chemistry: An introduction to quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and
molecular spectra for chemists - S. Glasstone,
D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1944.
9. An Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics – T.L. Hill, Addison-Wesley. 1960.
10. Statistical Mechanics – Donald A. McQuarrie, 2000.
11. Physical chemistry of surfaces – A. W. Adamson, 4th Ed. John Wiley, 1982.
12. Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry – D. Shaw, Butterworth Heinemann, 1992.
13. Surface Activity: Principles, Phenomena and Applications (Polymers, Interfaces and
Biomaterials) – K. Tsujii, 1st Ed. Academic Press,
1998.
14. Physical Chemistry of macromolecules- D. D. Deshpande, Vishal Publications.
15. Polymer Chemistry- F. W. Billmeyer Jr, John-Wiley & Sons, 1971.
Question paper pattern:
· The question paper will have ten questions.
· Each full question is for 20 marks.
· There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full question) from
each module.
· Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
· Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 03 Subject 20CHE06 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Physical Chemistry-II

Module-01 METHODS OF DETERMINING REACTION MECHANISM

Kinetic Methods: Order and Molecularity, Methods of following reaction rates, Types of
reactions: 1st, 2nd and 3rd order reactions; Reversible, Consecutive and Parallel reactions.
Energy of Activation, Entropy of Activation, Effect of Ionic strength, Solvent effect and
Kinetic isotopic effect Non-Kinetic Methods: Identification of reaction products, Testing of
the possible intermediates, trapping of the intermediates, isotopic labeling, Reaction catalysis,
Cross-over experiments, Stereochemical studies and Use of physical properties. Hammett and
Taft equations.

Module-02 SYMMETRY PROPERTIES OF MOLECULES AND GROUP THEORY

Symmetry elements, symmetry operations and point groups, properties of group, symmetry
operations as a group, multiplication table. Classes of symmetry operations, basis,
representative and matrix representations of operations. Reducible and irreducible
representations, orthogonality theorem. Properties of irreducible representations. Constructions
of character table for point groups. Explanations for the complete character table for a point
group. Representations of vibrational modes in nonlinear molecules. Infrared and Raman
activities of normal modes of vibrations.

Module-03 INTRODUCTION OF SPECTROSCOPY AND ROTATIONAL SPECTRA

Characterization of electromagnetic radiation. The qualification of energy. Regions of

Spectrum, transition probability, the width and intensity of spectral transitions. Classification
of molecules according to their moment of inertia. Rotational spectra of rigid and non rigid
diatomic molecules. The intensities of spectral lines. The effect of isotopic substitution.
Polyatomic and symmetric top molecules. The stark effect.

Module-04 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

Diatomic molecules: 1) Molecules as harmonic oscillator, Morse potential energy function,

vibrational spectrum, fundamental vibrational frequencies. Force constant, zero point energy,
isotope effect. The anharmonic oscillator, the diatomic vibrating rotator, the interactions of
rotations and vibrations. Polyatomic molecules: Fundamental vibrations and their symmetry,
overtone and combination frequencies. The influence of rotations and molecular spin on the
 03.09.2020

spectra of polyatomic molecules. Analysis by Infrared techniques. Rayleigh scattering. Raman

Scattering, classical and quantum theories of Raman effect. Rotational Raman Spectra for
linear and symmetric top molecules. Vibrational Raman Spectra, rotational fine structure.
Polarization of light and the Raman effect. Structure determination from Raman and Infra-red
spectroscopy.

Module-05 ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY

General nature of band spectra. Beer- Lambert Law integrated absorption coefficient and
oscillator strength. Term symbols for atoms and molecules. The hydrogen atom and hydrogen
like species spectrum. Sequences and progressions, the vibrational course structure and
rotational fine structure of electronic band. The Franck-Condon principle, dissociation energy
and dissociation products. Birje-Sponer extrapolation. The fortrat diagram. Predissociation,
classification of electronic states. The spectrum of molecular hydrogen. Electronic spectra of
polyatomic molecules. Chemical analysis by electronic spectroscopy. (d-d), and (¬-n*)
transitions. Photochemical mechanism of vision.

Reference Books:

1.Fundamental of molecular spectroscopy by C. N. Banwell, E. M. McCash, Vth Edn., Tata

McGrew Hill (2013).
2. Physical Chemistry by P. W. Atkins, J. D. Paula, IXth Edn., Oxford University Press
(2010).
3. Chemical Applications of Group Theory, F. A. Cotton, 3rd Edn., Wiley-India (2009).
4. Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory by R. L. Carter, John-Wiley & Sons Inc. (1998).
5. A Text Book of Physical Chemistry by K. L. Kapoor, IVth Edn., Macmillan (2011).
6. Symmetry & spectroscopy of molecules by K. Veera Reddy, IInd revised Edn., New Age
International Publishers (2009).
7. Introduction to spectroscopy by D. L. Pavia, G. M. Lapmann, G. S. Kriz, IIIrd Edn.,
Thomson (2006).
8. Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy by G. L. Aruldhas, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
(2006).
Question paper pattern:
· The question paper will have ten questions.
· Each full question is for 20 marks.
· There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full question)
from each module.
 03.09.2020

· Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
· Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 04 Subject Code 20CHE07 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Analytical Chemistry & Allied Subjects-I

Module-01 Statistical Treatment of Analytical Data and Sampling

Limitations of analytical methods. Classification of errors-systematic errors-sources, effects and

their reduction. Random errors sources and distribution. Accuracy and precision. Measures of
central tendency and variability. Reliability of results-confidence interval. Comparison of results-
Student’s t-test, comparing the two means and standard deviations-F-test, t-test and paired t-test.
Rejection of a result-Q test. Number of replicate determinations. Control charts. Correlation and
regression-correlation coefficient, linear regression, errors in slope and intercept, error in the
estimate of concentration. Detection limits, Sampling and sample handling-representative sample,
sample storage, sample pretreatment and sample preparation. Hazards in sampling. Quality in
analytical laboratories-quality control and quality assurance, accreditation system.

Module-02 Quantitative Analysis

Introduction, general terms in volumetric analysis, indicators, indicator theory, choice of

indicators. Acid-base titrations, titration curves with example, Buffer solutions, acid-base
equllibria in polyprotic acids, amino acids, carbonates, bicarbonates, mixture of two acids.
Complexometric titrations-stability of complexes, metal-ion buffer, titrations involving unidentate
and multidentate ligands. Precipitation titrations and solubility equilibria, indicators, factors
affecting solubility, applications of precipitation titrations. Oxidation-reduction equilibria and
applications, Nernst equation, titration curves, redox indicators, applications with respect to
KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, Iodine, and Potassium bromate.
Gravimetric Analysis: Introduction, general terms used in gravimetry, steps in gravimetric
analysis, conditions for precipitation, purity of the precipitate – Co-precipitation and Post-
precipitation, precipitation from homogenous solution, organic precipitants. Advantages and
disadvantages of gravimetric analysis.

Module-03 Chromatographic methods

General principle, classification of chromatographic methods, migration rates of solutes,

chromatographic behaviour of solutes, band broadening, column efficiency and resolution. Thin
 03.09.2020

layer chromatography, basic principle, coating materials, solvent-solvent system, analytical and
preparative TLC, methods of detection, applications and advances in TLC including modern TLC
techniques.
Column chromatography: Principle and theory, adsorption and partition methods, stationary and
mobile phase, columns and preparation of the columns, solvent systems, normal phase, reverse
phase, detection methods and applications. Possible hyphenations- Advantages and limitations.

Module-04 Chromatography methods

Gas Chromatography: Basic Principle, Instrumentation, detectors, Applications, Advantage and

disadvantages.
HPLC: Basic Principle, Instrumentation, detectors, applications, advantage and disadvantages.
Ion exchange chromatography: Introduction and basic principles, instrumentation, types of
exchangers, synthesis of ion exchangers, mechanism of ion exchange, exchange theories,
methodology, applications.

Module-05 Electro Analytical Techniques

Polarography: Introduction, Instrumentation, Ilkovic equation and its verification. Polarographic

measurements, Dropping mercury electrode, Determination of half wave potential, qualitative and
quantitative applications.
Amperometry: Basic principles, instrumentation, Amperometric titration curves, Amperometric
indicators, procedure for Amperometric titrations, Evaluation of amperometry in research and
analytical applications.
Voltametry: Voltammetric methods of analysis, basic principles, instrumentation, voltammetric
measurements, voltametric techniques, current in voltammetry, shape of voltammograms,
quantitative and qualitative aspects of voltammetry, quantitative applications, characterization
applications, Evaluation of CV in research and analytical applications.

Reference Books:

1. Analytical Chemistry: (J.W) G. D. Christain.

2. Instrumental Methods of analysis (CBS)- H.H . Willard, L.L. Merrit, J.A. Dean
3. Quantitative analysis, R.A. Day & A.L. Underwood, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi
4. Instrumental Methods of Analysis: Chatwal and Anand
5. Instrumental Methods of Inorganic Analysis (ELBS) : A.I. Vogel
6. Chemical Instrumentation: A Systematic approach- H.A. Strobel
7. Physical Chemistry – P.W. Atkins
8. Principal of Instrumental Analysis- D. Skoog and D.West
9. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry: Vol Ito VII – I.M. Kolthoff
10. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis, H. Kaur
11. Principles of Instrumental analysis, Holler, Skoog, Crouch
12. Chromatographic methods- H. Kaur
13. Analytical Chemistry-Alka Gupta
 03.09.2020

14. Analytical Chemistry-H. Kaur

15. Advanced Practical Inorganic Chemistry, Gurdeep Raj

Question paper pattern:

· The question paper will have ten questions.
· Each full question is for 20 marks.
· There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full question) from
each module.
· Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
· Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 04 Subject Code 20CHE08 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Analytical Chemistry & Allied Subjects-II

Module-01 Thermal Analysis

Introduction to thermal analysis, types of thermal analysis, significance of thermal analysis in Analytical
Chemistry, effect of heat on materials, chemical decomposition, phase transformation etc. and general
thermal analysis applications, advantages and disadvantages.
a) Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), principle, instrumentation, working, types of TGA, factors
influencing TGA, curve to show nature of decomposition reactions, the product and qualities of compounds
expelled, TGA in controlled atmosphere, TGA curves, analysis, research and analytical implications of
TGA.
b) Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), instrumentation,
methodology, application and research implications. Thermometric titrations method and applications.

Module-02 Atomic Spectroscopy

a) Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Introduction, Principal, difference between AAS and FES, Advantages
of AAS over FES, advantages and disadvantages of AAS, Instrumentation, Single and double beam AAS,
detection limit and sensitivity, Interferences, applications. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy,
general description, advantages and disadvantages. Flame photometry, Cold Vapor Mercury, Hydride
Generation, Spark emission, challenges and limitations.
b) Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy Introduction, Nebulization Torch, Plasma, Instrumentation,
Interferences, and Applications.

Module-03 Advanced Instrumentation Techniques

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) - Introduction, principle, instrumentation, applications Transmission
Electron Microscope (TEM) - Introduction, principle, instrumentation, applications Electron Dispersion
Spectroscopy (EDS) - Introduction, principle, instrumentation, applications Energy Dispersive X-ray
Analysis (EDAX) - Introduction, principle, instrumentation, applications
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) - Introduction, principle, instrumentation, applications Atomic
Force Microscopy (AFM) - Introduction, principle, instrumentation, applications, Practical applications and
examples in analytical chemistry and research.

Module-04 Advanced Instrumentation Techniques

X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XFS) - Introduction, principle, instrumentation, applications, Electron

Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (ESR)- Introduction, principle, instrumentation, applications, X-Ray
 03.09.2020

Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)- Introduction, principle, instrumentation, applications, Auger Electron

Spectroscopy - Introduction, principle, instrumentation, applications
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)- Introduction, principle, instrumentation, applications, Practical
applications and examples in analytical chemistry.

Module-05 Advances in Mass Spectrometry

Introduction to Mass spectrometry, diagram of a mass spectrometer and Instrumentation, principles, history,
concept of ion free path, classification of mass spectrometry based on nature of compound to be analyzed
and the ion sources viz. Electron impact (EI), chemical ionization (CI), Fast ion or atom bombardment
ionization (FID/FAB), field desorption (FD), laser desorption ionization (LDI), plasma desorption
ionization (PDI), thermospray ionization (TSI), electrospray (ESI), atmospheric pressure ionization,
Inductively couple plasma (ICP) etc. Mass Analyzers, Quadrupolar Analyzers, Quadrupole ion trap or
Quistor, Ion trap detector, development of high –Mass, High-resolution ion trap, tandem mass spectrometry
in the ion trap, time of flight analyzer, magnetic and electromagnetic analyzer and detectors.

Reference Books:

1. Instrumental Methods of analysis- Willard, Merrit, Dean and Settle.

2. Spectroscopic identification of organic compounds- R.M. Silverstein and G.C. Bassler
3. Spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry- D.H. Williams and I. Fleming
4. Absorption spectroscopy of organic molecules- V.M. Parikh
5. Applications of spectroscopic techniques in Organic chemistry- P. S. Kalsi
6. A Text book of Qualitative Inorganic Analysis- A. I. Vogel
7. Physical Methods in Inorganic Chemistry (DWAP)- R. Drago
8. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry – D.A. Skoog and D. M. West (Holt Rinehart and Winston Inc.)
9. Principles of instrumental analysis, Holler, Skoog, Crouch. Cengage learning India Pvt. Ltd.
10. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis, H. Kaur, Pragati Prakashan.
Question paper pattern:
· The question paper will have ten questions.
· Each full question is for 20 marks.
· There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full question) from each
module.
· Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
· Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 05 Subject Code 10CHE09 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Analytical Chemistry & Allied Subjects- III

Module-01 Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Introduction, Phenomenon and characteristic of fluorescence, fluorescence life time. Fluorescence

quenching, types of quenching processes, Instrumentations, experiments for fluorescence
quenching measurements, Applications in development of analytical techniques and understanding
the molecular interactions.

Module-02 Reverse Phase Extraction Chromatography (RPEC)

Extraction chromatography, theoretical aspects of extraction chromatography, correlation between

solvent extraction chromatography, chromatography inert support stationary phases, applications
of extractions chromatography.

Module-03 Titrimetric Methods

Titrimetric Analysis: Principles of titrimetric analysis, Classification of reactions in titrimetry.

Titrations based on acid-base reactions: Titration curves for strong acid and strong base, weak acid
and strong base and weak base and strong acid titrations. Titration curves, quantitative
applications, selecting and standardizing a titrant, inorganic analysis, alkalinity, acidity and
ammonium salts.

Module-04 Complexometric, Redox and Precipitation Titrations

Complexometric Titrations: Indicators for EDTA titrations, theory of common indicators.

Redox Titrations: Theory of Redox indicators, calculation of standard potentials, determination of

chemical oxygen demand (COD) in natural and waste waters.

Precipitation Titrations: Titration curves, titrants and standards, indicators for precipitation
titrations involving silver nitrate, the Volhard, the Mohr and Fajan’s methods.

Module-05 Polarography, Electrogravimetric analysis and Electrophoresis

Polarography: Theory of classical polarography, polarograms, polarographic currents, Halfwave

potential, oxygen interference, advantages and limitations. pulse polarography and applications of
polarography.
 03.09.2020

Electrogravimetric Analysis: Theory, apparatus, deposition and separation, electrolyte separation

of metals and applications.

Electrophoresis: Theory and classification, factors influencing the mobility-macromolecular size

and charge, interaction with supporting electrolyte, pH and concentration discontinuities. Factors
affecting electrophoretic phenomena-electrolysis, electroosmosis, temperature and supporting
media. Instrumentation. Methodology: Preparation of gels-staining and destaining.

Reference Books:

1. Instrumental Methods of analysis- Willard, Merrit, Dean and Settle.

2. Analytical Chemistry: (J.W) G. D. Christain.
3. Instrumental Methods of analysis (CBS)- H.H . Willard, L.L. Merrit, J.A. Dean
4. Quantitative analysis, R.A. Day & A.L. Underwood, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New
Delhi
5. Instrumental Methods of Analysis: Chatwal and Anand
6. Instrumental Methods of Inorganic Analysis (ELBS) : A.I. Vogel
7. Chemical Instrumentation: A Systematic approach- H.A. Strobel
8. Physical Chemistry – P.W. Atkins
9. Principal of Instrumental Analysis- D. Skoog and D.West
10. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry: Vol Ito VII – I.M. Kolthoff
11. Instrumental methods of chemical analysis, H. Kaur
12. Principles of Instrumental analysis, Holler, Skoog, Crouch
13. Chromatographic methods- H. Kaur
14. Analytical Chemistry-Alka Gupta
15. Analytical Chemistry-H. Kaur

Question paper pattern:

· The question paper will have ten questions.
· Each full question is for 20 marks.
· There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full question) from
each module.
· Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
· Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 05 Subject 20CHE10 Exam 03 Hours

Code Duration
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Analytical Chemistry & Allied Subjects- IV

Module-01 Nano Technology: Introduction to Nanoscience; History and Scope, Interdisciplinary

nature, Structure of nanomaterials, Quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots, fullerenes, graphite,
carbon nanotubes, inorganic nano wires, nano particles, core - shell nano particles. Nanooptoelectronic
materials and devices, medicine and pharmacology applications, thin-films, One Dimensional
Nanostructures, Nano wires and nano rods, Spontaneous growth: Evaporation and condensation growth,
vapor-liquid-solid growth, stress induced recrystallization.

Module-02 Template Based Synthesis: Electrochemical deposition, Electro-phoretic deposition. Two

dimensional nano-structures, Fundamentals of film growth. Physical vapour Depostion (PVD):
Evaporation molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), Sputtering, Comparison of Evaporation and sputtering.
Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD). Wet chemical synthesis methods: sol-gel, hydrothermal, co-
precipitation and solution combustion methods.

Module-03 Nanomaterials and Composites: Introduction, Nylon 6-clay hybrid (NCH) - Synthesis,
Characterization; Epoxy nanocomposites, Epoxy layered silicate nanocomposites,
Epoxynanocomposites based on other nanofillers, Ternary epoxy nanocomposite systems,
Biodegradable polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites, Polymer/layered silicate
nanocomposite technology, structure-property relationships, polypropylene layered silicate
nanocomposites, Barrier properties of nanocomposites, Nanotubes, nanoparticles and inorganic organic
hybrid systems.

Module-04 Complexometric, Redox and Precipitation Titrations: Complexometric Titrations:

Indicators for EDTA titrations, theory of common indicators. Redox Titrations: Theory of Redox
indicators, calculation of standard potentials, determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in
natural and waste waters. Precipitation Titrations: Titration curves, titrants and standards, indicators for
precipitation titrations involving silver nitrate, the Volhard, the Mohr and Fajan’s methods.

Module-05 Characterization of Nano-Structured Materials: Principle, instrumentation and

applications of Powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron
microscopy, tunneling electron microscopy, atomic-force microscopy, magnetic-force microscopy
(MFM), scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM).
 03.09.2020

Reference Books:

1. Nanomaterials: AK Bandyopadhyay: Newage International (p) limited publishers

2. Nanomaterials J Dutta and H Hofmann, AK Bandyopadhyay, Newage International (p) limited
1st Edition,2011
3. Nanostructured materials processing, properties and applications Carl C Koch Jaico publishing
house 1st Edition, 2006

Question paper pattern:

· The question paper will have ten questions.
· Each full question is for 20 marks.
· There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full question) from each
module.
· Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
· Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 06 Subject 20CHE11 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Solid State Chemistry

Module-01 Solid State Reactions: General principles, experimental procedure, co- precipitation as a precursor to
solid state reactions, kinetics of solid-state reactions.

Module-02 Crystal Defects and Non- Stoichiometry: Perfect and imperfect crystals, intrinsic and extrinsic
defects-point defects line and plane defects. Vacancies-Schottky defects and Frenkel defects. Thermodynamics of
Schottky and Frenkel defects formation, color centers, non-stoichiometry and defects.

Module-03 Electronic properties and Band Theory: Metal insulators and semiconductors, electronic structure
of solids band theory band structure of Metals, insulators and semiconductors, Intrinsic and extrinsic
semiconductors, doping semiconductors, p-n junctions, super conductors. Optical properties-Application of
optical electron microscopy. Magnetic Properties-classification of materials: Effect of temperature calculation of
Magnetic moment, mechanism of ferro and anti-ferromagnetic ordering super exchange.

Module-04 Organic Solids: Electrically conducting solids. Organic change transfer complex, Organic metals,
new super conductors.

Module-05 Liquid crystals: Types of liquid crystals: Nematic, Smectic, Ferroelectric, Anti Ferroelectric,
Various theories of LC, Liquid crystal display, new materials.

Reference Books:
1. Solid state chemistry and its application, A.R. West. Peenum.
2. Principals of Solid State, H.V. Keer, wiley Eastern.
3. Solid state chemistry, N.B. Hannay. 4. Solid state chemistry, D.K. Chakrabarty, New wiley Eastern.
Question paper pattern:
 03.09.2020

· The question paper will have ten questions.

· Each full question is for 20 marks.
· There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full question) from each
module.
· Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
· Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Basic Science)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 06 Subject 20CHE12 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Polymer Chemistry

Module-01 Importance of polymers. Basic concepts: Monomers, repeat units, degree of polymerization
Linear, branched and network polymers. Classification of polymers. Polymerization: condensation,
addition/radical chain-ionic and co-ordination and copolymerization. Polymerization conditions and
polymer reactions. Polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
Module-02 Polymer Characterization: Polydispersion-average molecular weight concept. Number,
weight and viscosity average molecular weights. Polydispersity an molecular weight distribution. The
practical significances of molecular weight. End-group, Viscosity, light scattering, osmotic and
ultracentrifugation methods.
Module-03 Analysis and testing of Polymers: Chemical analysis of polymers, spectroscopic methods,
X-ray diffraction study. Microscopy. Thermal analysis and physical testing tensile strength. Fatigue,
impact. Tear resistance, Hardness and abrasion resistance.
Module-04 Inorganic Polymers A general survey and scope of polymers special characteristics,
classification, homo and hetero atomic polymers. Structure, Properties and Applications of
a. Polymers based on boron-boranes and carboranes.
b. Polymers based on Silicon, silicone’s polymetalloxanes and polymetallosiloxanes, silazanes.
Module-05 Structure, Properties and Applications of
a. Polymers based on Phosphorous-Phosphazenes, Polyphosphates.
b. Polymers based on Sulphure-Tetrasulphur tetranitride and related compounds.
c. Co-ordination and metal chelate Polymers.
Reference Books:
1. Inorganic Chemistry, J.E. Huheey, Harper Row.
2. Developments in Inorganic polymers Chemistry, M.F. Lappert and G.J. Leigh.
3. Inorganic polymers – N.H. Ray.
4. Inorganic polymers, Graham and Stone.
5. Inorganic Rings and Cages: D.A. Armitage.
6. Textbook of Polymers Science, F.W. Billmeyer Jr. Wiley.
 03.09.2020

7. Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, H.R. Al cock and F.W. Lambe, Prentice Hall.
Question paper pattern:
· The question paper will have ten questions.
· Each full question is for 20 marks.
· There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions in one full question) from each
module.
· Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.
· Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Mathematics)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 01 Subject 20MAT01 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Differential Equations

Module-01 : Series Solution of Linear Differential Equations

Power series solutions about an ordinary point, Singular points, Frobenious method, Bessel’s and
Legendre’s equations, Bessel functions, Legendre polynomials.

Module-02 : Existence and Uniqueness Theory

Existence and uniqueness theory for ordinary differential equations, Eigen value problem
Module-03 : Classification of Second Order PDE:
Canonical forms, adjoint operators, Riemann’s method. Elliptic Differential Equations: Derivation of
Laplace and Poisson equation, Boundary value problems, some important mathematical tools,
properties of harmonic functions, separation of variables, Dirichlet problem for rectangle and circle.

Module-4 : Parabolic Differential Equations

Occurrence, boundary condition, elementary solutions, separation of variables, solution in cylindrical
and spherical coordinate systems. Hyperbolic Differential Equations
Occurrence, derivation of one dimensional wave equation, solution of one dimensional canonical
reduction, initial value problem, D’Alembert’s solution, vibrating string – variable separable method,
boundary and initial value problem for two dimensional wave
Module-5 : Transform Methods
Laplace transform of Bessel functions, solution of diffusion equations and wave equations by Laplace
and Fourier Transform method. Fourier transform for Laplace equation.

Reference Books:
1 Differential Equations with G.F. Simmons CRC Press 3rd Ed.,2017
applications
and Historical Notes
2 Elements of Ordinary differential A.Chakrabarty New Age 2nd Revised
equations and Special functions International Ed., 1996
3 Introduction to Partial Differential K.SankaraRao PHI 3rd Ed.,2011
Equations
4 Ordinary and Partial differential M.D.Raisingha S.Chand 18th Ed.,2018
Equations nia Co.,
5 Ordinary and Partial differential Nita H.Shah PHI 2nd Ed.,2015
Equations
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Mathematics)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 01 Subject 20MAT02 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Integral Transforms & Calculus of Variations

Module-01 : Laplace Transform:

Transform of Elementary Functions, Transform of Derivatives, Inverse Transform, Convolution
Theorem, Applications to Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations.
Module-02 : Fourier Transform:
Sine and Cosine Transform, Inverse Fourier Transform, Application to Ordinary and Partial
Differential Equations.

Module-03 : Calculus of Variations:

Functionals, Linear Functionals, Fundamental Lemma of Calculus of Variations Simple Variational
Problems, The Variation of Functional, the Extermum of Functional, Necessary Condition for
Extreme, Euler’s Equation, Euler’s Equation of Several Variables
Module-4 : Applications of Calculus of Variations:
Invariance of Euler’s Equation. Motivating Problems of Calculus of Variation including Shortest
Distance, Minimum Surface of Revolution, Brachistochrone Problem, Isoperimetric Problem,
Geodesics.

Module-5 : Transform Methods

The Fixed End Point Problem for ‘n’ Unknown Functions, Variational Problems in Parametric form,
Generalization of Euler’s Equation to (i) ‘n’ Dependent Functions (ii) Higher Order Derivatives.
Variational Problems with Subsidiary Conditions, Derivation of the Basic Formula, End Points lying
on Two Given Curves or Surfaces.
Reference Books:
1 Integral Transforms and their L.Debnath & CRC Press 3rd Ed.,
Applications Dambaru Bhatta 2015
2 The Use of Integral Transform I. N. Sneddon McGraw Hill 2nd Ed.,
1972
3 Operational Mathematics R. Churchill, McGraw Hill 3rd Ed.,
1972
4 Calculus of Variations Robert Weinstock Franklin 1st Ed., 2018
with Applications to Classics
Physics and Engineering
5 Calculus of Variations I.M.Gelfand & S. V. Dover 1st Ed., 2000
Fomin Publications
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Mathematics)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 02 Subject 20MAT03 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Complex Analysis

Module-01 : Complex Integration

Complex line integrals, simply and multiply connected regions, Cauchy’s theorem and its
consequences, Cauchy’s integral formula, Morera’s theorem, Liouville’s theorem.

Module-02 : Taylor’s series and Laurent series

Taylor’s theorem, Taylor series, Laurent’s series, classification of singularities

Module-03 : Residues and Evaluation of Integrals

Residues, calculation of residues, Residue theorem, contour integration-evaluation of definite
integrals by Residue theorem

Module-4 : Conformal Mapping

Transformation or mapping, Jacobian of transformation, Conformal mapping, Riemann’s mapping
theorem, fixed and invariant points of transformation, Translation, rotation, strtching and
inversion. Bilinear transformation, The Schwarz – Christoffel

Module-5 : Complex Analysis and Potential Theory

Electrostatic fields, applications of conformal mapping, heat problems and fluid flow

Reference Books:
1 Complex Analysis L.V.Ahlfors McGraw Hill 3rd Ed.,2013
2 Real and Complex Analysis Walter Rudin McGraw Hill 3rd Ed.,1987
3 Complex Analysis Serge Lang Springer 4th Ed.,1999
4 The Elements of Complex B.Choudhary John Wiley & 2nd Ed.,1993
Analysis Sons
5 Advanced Engineering E. Kreyszig John Wiley & 10th Ed.,2016
Mathematics Sons
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Mathematics)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 02 Subject 20MAT04 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Computer Fundamentals and Programming in C

Module-01 : An overview of functioning of a computer system, Components of a computer system,

I/O and auxiliary storage devices ,machine and high level languages, assembler, compiler and
interpreters, flow charts and pseudo codes, Basic concepts of operating system.

Module-02 : Introduction to C Essentials – Programs development, Functions. Anatomy of a

Function. Variables and Constants Expressions. Assignment Statements, Scalar Data types –
Declarations, Different Types of integers. Different kinds of Integer Constants, Floating point type
Initialization, mixing types.

Module-03 : Explicit conversions – Enumeration Types, The void data type, Type definitions.
Operators and expression in C-Precedence and associativity, Control flow statements Conditional
branching, the switch statement, looping, nested loops, the break and continue statement, the go
to statement, infiniteloops.

Module-4 : Arrays and multidimensional arrays. Storage classes-fixed vs. automatic duration
scope, global variable the register specifier, Functions –user defined and library function,
Introduction to
pointers, structures and unions.

Module-5 : Introduction to C++: Declaration & Definition of Variables, Data Types, Operators,
OOPS
Fundamentals: OOPS Versus procedural programming, OOPS terminology, Data abstraction, Data
hiding, Encapsulation, Class, Object, Inheritance, Polymorphism.

Reference Books:
1 Programming with C (Schaum’s B.Gottifred and Mc-Graw Hill 3rd Ed., 2017
OutlineSeries) J.Chabra
2 Fundamentals of Computers V. Rajaraman PHI 6th Ed., 2015
3 Programming in C++ E.Balaguruswamy Tata-McGraw Hill 4th Ed., 2010
4 The C B.W. Kernigham & PHI 2nd Ed., 2009
Programmed D.M. Ritchie
language (ANSI
5 Programming in C V.Guptha, S.S.Bhatia Kalyani 3rd Ed., 2014
& A.Bansal Publishers
03.09.2020
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Mathematics)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 03 Subject 20MAT05 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Statistics, Probability and Stochastic process

Module-01 : Statistics – Correlation and regression, measure the coefficients of correlation and
regression, rank correlation, and define and measure coefficient of determination.
Module-02 : Random variable, discrete probability distribution, continuous random variables,
continuous probability distribution, Cumulative distribution function, expected value. Continuous
and discrete Joint distribution, expectation, variance, standard deviation, covariance.

Module-03 : Probability distributions : Binomial, Poisson, Exponential, Normal, Hyper

geometric relations, gamma distribution, Weibull distribution.

Module-4 : Sampling Theory- Population and sample, sampling with and without replacement,
sampling distribution of means, sample variance. Unbiased estimate, reliability, confidence
intervals for mean, statistical hypothesis, testing of hypothesis, Type I and II errors, one tailed, two
tailed tests, t - distribution, Chi square test for goodness of fit.

Module-5 : Markov Chains: States and transitions, Transition probabilities, General two-state
Markov chain, Powers of the transition matrix for the m-state chain, Gambler's ruin as a Markov
chain, Classification of states , Classification of chains, problems.

Reference Books:
1 Probability and M.R. Spiegel, J. McGraw-Hill 2ndEd.,1985
Statistics (Schaum’s Schiller, & R.A.
outline series) Srinivasan
2 Probability and Statistics for R.E, Walpole, Pearson 9th Ed., 2012
Engineers and Scientists R.H.Myres, S.L.Myres
& K. Ye
3 Probability and Stochastic D. Yates & David John Wiley & 2nd Ed., 2005
Processes J.Goodman Sons
4 Higher Engineering Mathematics B.S. Grewal Khanna 44thEd., 2017
Publishers
5 Probability and Statistics for Sheldon M.Ross Academic Press 5th Ed., 2014
Engineers and Scientists
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Mathematics)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 03 Subject 20MAT06 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Operation Research

Module-01 : Linear Programming

Formulation, Graphical method, Simplex Method, Two Phase method, Big M Method, Dual Simplex
method.

Module-02 : Assignment Models: Formulation, Hungarian Method, Travel Salesman problem.

Transportation Models: Mathematical Formulation, Matrix form, North west corner method,
Vogel’s method for Feasible solution, Stepping stone and Modified distribution method for finding
optimal solution to transportation problem

Module-03 : Game theory

Basic definition, Saddle points, Principles of Dominance, Games without Saddle point,
Characteristics of Competitive Games, Maximin – Minimax Principle, Dominance

Module-4 : Queuing Theory

Introduction, types of Queuing models, Kendal’s notations, Single channel and multiple Service
Channels, Applications of Queuing Theory, Limitations of Queuing Theory.

Module-5 : CPM and PERT

Introduction, Basic Difference between PERT and CPM, PERT/CPM Network Components and
Precedence Relationship, Project Management – PERT

Reference Books:
1 Operations Research S D Sharma Kedarnath Latest Ed., 2017
Ramnath & Co
2 Operations Research H.A.Taha Pearson 8th Ed., 2007
3 Operations Research P.Ramamurthy New Age 2nd Ed., 2007
International
4 Operations Research H.A.Eiselt & 6th Ed., 2010
Springer
C.L.Sandblom
5 Optimization in Operations Research R.L.Rardin Pearson 2nd Ed., 2007
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Mathematics)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 04 Subject 20MAT07 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Advanced Fluid Mechanics and Magneto hydrodynamics

Module-01 : Real fluids and ideal fluids, velocity of fluid at a point, streamlines, pathlines,
streamlines, velocity potential, vorticity vector, local and particle rate of change, equation of
continuity, irrotational and rotational motion, acceleration of fluid, conditions at rigid boundary.
Euler’s equation of motion, Bernoulli’s equation, axially symmetric flows, impulsive motion.

Module-02 : Kelvin’s Theorem of circulation, equation of vorticity. Three dimensional flows,

sources, sinks and doublets, images in rigid planes, images in solid sphere. Stoke’s stream function.

Module-03 : Viscous Flows: Stress components, Stress and strain terror, Coefficient of viscosity
and Laminar flow, Plane Poiseuille flows and Couette flow. Flow through tubes of uniform cross
section in the form of circle, Ellipse, equilateral triangle, annulus, under constant pressure
gradient, steady flow past a fixed sphere.
Dimensional analysis, Reynolds numbers, Prandtl’s boundary layer, Boundary layer

Module-4 : Non-Newtonian fluids, rheological classification , time dependent, thyrotrophic,

viscoelastic fluids, constitution of blood, viscosity of blood, steady non- Newtonian fluid flows in
circular tubes, Fahraeus- Lindqvist effect, Pulsative flow in circular rigid tube, flow through artery
with stenosis, Peristaltic flow in a tube, long wave length approximation.

Module-5 : Basic equations of MHD including Faraday’s laws and constitutive laws. Magnetic
induction equation – Lorentz force – MHD approximations. Non-dimensional numbers – velocity,
temperature and magnetic field boundary conditions. Hartmann flow – isothermal boundary
conditions – temperature distribution in Hartmann flow – Hartmann couette flow. Classical MHD
and Alfven’s wave, Alfven’s theorem, Frozen – n – phenomenon and equipartition of energy by
Alfven’swaves.

Reference Books:
1 An Introduction to Fluid Batchelor, G. K. Cambridge Kindle Ed.,
Mechanics UniversityPres
2 Ideal and Incompressible Fluid M.E. O'Neill Ellis Horwood Digital Ed.,
Dynamics and F. Chorlton 2007
3 Mathematical Models in Biology J.N.Kapur Affiliated 1st Ed., 1985
and Medicine East-West
4 An Introduction to P.A.Davidson Cambridge 2nd Ed.,
Magnetohydrodynamics UniversityPres
5 A Text Book of Fluid Mechanics R.K.Bansal Laxmi 1st Ed., 2008
Publications
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Mathematics)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 04 Subject Code 20MAT08 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Advanced Graph Theory

Module-01 : Varieties of graphs, walks and connectedness, degrees, intersection graphs,

operations on graphs. Cut points, bridges and blocks, block graphs and cutpoint graphs.
Trees - characterization of trees, centers and centroids, block cutpoint trees, independent cycles
and cocycles, Matroids.

Module-02 : Connectivity and line connectivity, Graphical variations of Menger’s theorem,

Partitions Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, Line graphs, properties and characterizations of line
graphs, line graphs and transversability, Total graphs.

Module-03 : Coverings and independence, critical points and lines, Planes and planar graphs,
outerplanar graphs, Kurtowski’s theorem

Module-4 : Colorability, the chromatic number, Five color theorem, Four color conjencture,The
Heawood map coloring theorem, Uniquely colorable graphs, critical graphs. The adjacency matrix,
incidence matrix, cycle matrix.

Module-5 : Digraphs – digraphs and connectedness, directional dualty and acyclic digraphs,
digraphs and matrices.

Reference Books:
1 GraphTheory Reinhard Springer 5th Ed., 2017
Deistel
2 GraphTheorywithApplicationstoE N.Deo PHI 1st Ed.,
ngineeringandComputerScience th
3 GraphTheory F.Harary AdditionWesleyRe 1st Ed., 1969
adingMA
4 GraphTheory J.A.Bondy & North-Holland 1st Ed.,(5th
U.S.R.Murthy Print),
1982
5 GraphTheory and Applications G.Appasami Sarumathi 1st Ed., 2016
Publications
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Mathematics)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 05 Subject 20MAT09 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Advanced Numerical Methods

Module-01 : High Speed Computation

Introduction, Computer arithmetic, Errors and computation in numerical techniques, General
error formula and error in series approximations. Machine computation and computer software.
Transcendental and Polynomial Equations
Introduction, Newton-Raphson method, Secant and Regula falsi method , rate of convergence,
Newton- McAuley method for multiple roots. Birge–Vieta method, Bairstow method, Graffe’s root
squaring method.

Module-02 : System of Linear Algebraic Equations and Eigen value Problems

Introduction. Consistency, Rank of a matrix, Gaussian elimination, LU decomposition, Gauss-Seidel
and Successive Over Relaxation methods, Tri-diagonal system of equations

Module-03 : Interpolation and Approximation

Introduction, Lagrange and Newton Interpolations, Interpolating polynomials - piecewise
polynomial interpolation, Spline’s interpolation formula, Hermite Interpolation, Bivariate
Interpolation, least square approximations. Numerical integration: Newton’s cotes formula,
Simpson’s rules, Weddle’s rule

Module-4 : Ordinary Differential Equations: Boundary Value Problems

Initial Value and boundary value problems, Runge – Kutta’s Method of order IV for 1st and 2nd
order ordinary differential equations. System of equations predictor – corrector formulae,
Shooting method for BVPs ODE

Module-5 : Partial Differential Equations

Finite difference approximation to derivatives. Laplace equation–Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and SOR
methods, ADI

Reference Books:
1 NumericalMethodsforScientificandEng M.K.Jain,S.R.K.Iy New Age 6th Ed.,2012
g.Computation engarand R.K. International
Jain
2 Numerical Methods for Engineers S. C. Chapra and McGraw-Hill 7th Ed., 2015
3 Introductory Methods of Numerical S. S. Sastry PHI 4th Ed.,2011
Analysis
4 Elements of Numerical Analysis R.S.Gupta Oxford Univ. Press 2nd Ed.,2015

5 Introduction to Numerical Analysis F.B.Hilderbrand Dover Publications 2nd Ed.,1987

 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Mathematics)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 05 Subject 20MAT10 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Linear Algebra

Module-01 : Vector Spaces: Definition and Examples, Subspaces, Bases and Dimensions, Linear
Transformations, Quotient Spaces, Direct Sum.

Module-02 : The matrix of Linear Transformation, Duality, Eigen values and Eigenvectors, The
minimal Polynomial, Diagonalisability and Triangularization.

Module-03: Canonical and Bilinear Forms: Jordan Forms, The Rational Forms, Bilinear Forms :
Definition and Examples, The matrix of a Bilinear Form, Orthogonality, Classification of Bilinear
Forms.

Module-4 : Inner Product Spaces : Inner Product Spaces, Orthogonality, Gram-Schmidt

orthogonalization process, Adjoint of Linear Transformation, Unitary operators, Self Adjoints and
Normal Operators.

Module-5 : Symmetric Matrices and Quadratic forms: Diagonalization of symmetric matrices ,

quadratic form, constrained optimization, Singular value decomposition.

Reference Books:
1 Linear Algebra and its Applications David C. Lay Pearson Education 3rd Ed.,2005
(Asia) Pvt. Ltd.
2 Linear Algebra K.Hoffman Pearson Education 2nd Ed.,2004
and R.Kunze
3 Introduction to Linear Algebra Gilbert Strang Wellesley- 5th Ed.,2016
Cambridge Press
4 Elementary Linear H.Anton and Wiley & Sons 11th Ed.,2014
Algebra - Applications C. Rorres
Version
5 Linear Algebra Kuldeep Oxford 1stEd (Reprint).,
Singh University 2015
Press
 03.09.2020

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Mathematics)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 06 Subject 20MAT11 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Number Theory

Module -01 : Multiplicative and completely multiplicative functions. Euler Toteint function.
Möbius and Mangoldt function

Module-02 : Dirichlet product and the group of arithmetical function. Generalised convolution.
Formal power series. Bell series

Module-03: Residue Classes and complete Residue Classes, Linear Congruences an Euler-Fermat
Theorem, General Polynomial congruences and Lagrange Theorem, Wilson’s Theorem, Chinese
Reminder Theorem

Module-4 : Fundamental Theorem on Polynomial Congruences with prime power moduli. Quadratic
Residue and Gauss’s Law of Quadratic Reciprocity. (both for Legendre and Jacobi symbols) Primitive
roots and their existence for moduli 𝑚 = 1, 2, 4, 𝑝 𝛼 , 2𝑝 𝛼

Module-5 : Partition: partition of a +ve integer, Graphical representation, Conjugate, Generating

functions, A theorem of Jacobi, Congruence properties of P(n), Two theorems of Euler, Rogers –
Ramanujan Identities

Reference Books:
01 Introduction to Analytical number T. M. Apostol Oxford University 2000
theory Press
02 An introduction to the Theory of G. H. Hardy and Oxford University 1996
Numbers E. M. Wright Press
03 Elementary Number Theory with Thomas Keshy Acad. Press 2005
Applications
04 An introduction to the I. Niven and H. S. John Wiley 2002
Theory of Numbers Zuckerman
05 Elementary Number J. V. Uspensky Mc Graw-Hill 1996
Theory and M. A.
Heaslott
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VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY BELAGAVI

PhD Coursework Courses-2020 (Mathematics)
As per the regulation 2020

Group no. 06 Subject 20MAT12 Exam Duration 03 Hours

Code
Exam Marks 100
Subject Title Mathematical Modelling

Module -01 : Basic concepts. Real world problems, (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Economics, and
others) Approximation of the problem, Steps involved in modeling.

Module-02 : Meaning of first and second order ordinary derivatives – slope of a tangent and
curvature. Connecting these concepts to practical observation.

Module-03: Meaning of first and second order partial derivatives – slope of a tangent and
curvature. Connecting these concepts to practical observation.

Module-4 : Mathematical models : Linear growth and decay model, Logistic model, model of
Mass-spring-dashpot (present in shock absorbed, mechanical engineering problems), Chemical
reaction, Drug absorption from blood stream. Motion of a projectile. Current flow in electrical
circuits(LCR), Model for deduction of diabetes

Module-5 : Nonlinear system of equation- Combat models- predator- prey equations, spread of
epidemics, Models leading to linear and nonlinear partial differential equations - Vibration of
string, Vibration of drum, Heat equation and Laplace equation and Poisson equation, Burger’s
equation, Fisher’s equation, Telegraph equations.

Reference Books:
01 Mathematical Moodelling J. N. Kapur Wiley Eastern 1998
Ltd.,
02 Advanced Engineering Mathematics E. Kreyszig Wileyeastem 2002
03 The nature of Mathematical modeling Neil Gerschenfeld Cambridge 2005
Univeristy Press
04 Mathematical Models in A. C. Fowler Cambridge 1997
Applied Sciences Univeristy Press
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Question paper pattern:

• The question paper will have ten questions.

• Each full question is for 20 marks.

• There will be 2 full questions (with a maximum of three sub questions in one full question) from each
module.

• Each full question with sub questions will cover the contents under a module.

Students will have to answer 5 full questions, selecting one full question from each module.