Lesson 1

Direct Variation
Quarter 2
Prepared by:
| ALVIN D. TAGANAS, LPT |
ENGAGE
 ENGAGE
There is a relationship between the
consumption of plastics and the
pollution of the ocean. The more
people consuming plastics, the
more polluted the oceans are. The
less people consuming plastics,
the less polluted the oceans are.
 Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you can:
• illustrates situations that involve direct
variation
• translate into variation statement a
relationship involving direct variation between
two quantities given by a table of values, a
mathematical equation, and a graph, and vice
versa.
• solve problems involving direct variations.
 ACTIVITY: Let’s Recycle!
EXPLORE
A local government organization Questions:
launches a recycling campaign of
waste materials to schools in order to 1. What happens to the number of
raise students’ awareness of points when the number of
environmental protection and the kilograms of paper is doubled?
effects of climate change. Every tripled?
kilogram of waste materials earns 2. How many kilograms of paper will
points that can be exchanged for the Grade 8 class have to gather in
school supplies and grocery items. order to raise 500 points? Write a
Paper, which is the number one waste mathematical statement that will
collected, earns 5 points for every kilo. relate the two quantities involved.
Number 3. In what way are you able to help
of
kilogra 1 2 3 4 5 6 clean the environment by
ms (n)
collecting these waste papers?
Points
(P) 5 10 15 20 25 30 4. What items can be made out of
these papers?
 EXPLAIN
A direct variation is a relationship between two variables in
which one is a constant multiple of the other.
Direct variation statements include,

• y varies directly as x
• y is directly proportional to x
• y is proportional to x
Its mathematical equation is 𝐲𝐲 = 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌 or
𝒚𝒚
𝒌𝒌 = , where k is the constant of variation.
𝒙𝒙
 EXPLAIN
If the points (P) varies directly as the number of kilograms (n),
then the relationship can be translated into a mathematical
statement as 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, where k is the constant of variation.

Number
of
kilograms
1 2 3 4 5 6
(n)

Points (P) 5 10 15 20 25 30
 EXPLAIN
LET’S RECYCLE!
35

30

25
The graph on the
side describes a
Points (P)

20
direct variation of
15
the form 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘.
10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of kilograms (n)
 EXPLAIN
EXAMPLE 1 SOLUTION:

If y varies directly as x and 𝑦𝑦 = 24 when ● Express the statement “y varies

𝑥𝑥 = 6, find the variation constant and directly as x” as 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘.
the equation of variation. ● Solve for k by substituting the
given values in the equation.
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
24 = 𝑘𝑘(6)
● Form the equation of the variation 24 = 6𝑘𝑘
by substituting 4 in the statement, 24 6𝑘𝑘
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 =
6 6
𝑦𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑥 4 = 𝑘𝑘
 EXPLAIN
EXAMPLE 2 SOLUTION:

The table below shows that the ● Since the distance d varies directly as the
distance d varies directly as the time t. time t, then
Find the constant of variation and the 𝑑𝑑 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
equation which describes the relation. ● Using one of the pairs of values, (2, 20),
from the table, substitute the values of d
and t in 𝑑𝑑 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 and solve for k.
𝑘𝑘 = 10
Time (hr) 1 2 3 4 5 ● Therefore, the constant of variation is 10.
● Form the mathematical equation of the
Distance
(km) 10 20 30 40 50 variation by substituting 10 in the
statement 𝑑𝑑 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 .
𝑑𝑑 = 10𝑡𝑡
 EXPLAIN
EXAMPLE 3 35 = 𝑘𝑘 7
35 7𝑘𝑘
If x varies directly as y and x = 35 when =
y = 7, what is the value of y when x = 7 7
25? 𝑘𝑘 = 5
● Hence, the equation of variation is
SOLUTION: 𝑥𝑥 = 5𝑦𝑦.
● Solving for y when x = 25,
● Since x varies directly as y, then the
equation of variation is in the form
25 = 5𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 25 5𝑦𝑦
=
● Substitute the given values of y 5 5
and x to solve for k in the equation. 𝑦𝑦 = 5
 ELABORATE
A. Write an equation for the following statements:
1. The fare F of a passenger varies directly as the distance d of
his destination.
2. The cost C of fish varies directly as its weight w in
kilograms.
3. An employee’s salary S varies directly as the number of
days d he has worked.
4. The area A of a square varies directly as the square of its
side s.
5. The distance D travelled by a car varies directly as its speed
s.
 EVALUATE
A. Write an equation for the following statements:
1. The length L of a person’s shadow at a given time varies
directly as the height h of the person.
2. The cost of electricity C varies directly as the number of
kilowatt-hour consumption l.
3. The volume V of a cylinder varies directly as its height h.
4. The weight W of an object is directly proportional to its
mass m.
5. The area A of a triangle is proportional to its height h.
 EVALUATE
B. Determine if the tables and graphs below express a direct
variation between the variables. If they do, find the
constant of variation and an equation that defines the
relation.
3
1

2
 EVALUATE
C. Write an equation where y varies directly as x.
1. y = 28 when x = 7
2. y = 30 when x = 8

D. In each of the following, y varies directly as x. Find the

values as indicated.
1. If y = 12 when x = 4, find y when x = 12
2. If y = -18 when x = 9, find y when x = 7