Reviewer for STS Chapter 8 - Scientific Revolution changed the

modern era by introducing

Information Age – time period in which
important scientist, their discoveries
people could access information and
led to the development of modern
knowledge easily.
tools, inventions and innovations
– also known as Computer Age, - Industrial Revolution brought about
Digital Age or New Media Age. major changes in agriculture,
manufacturing, mining,
James R. Messenger – conceived the theory transportation, and most especially in
of Information Age in 1982 communication and information
- He published the book “The Death of technology
The American Telephone & Some experts agree that a common start date
Telegraph. for modern era of information age is the
- He is known as the Father of the launch of the first electronic general-
Information Age. purpose computer known as ENIAC
8.1 History of Information Age (Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer) by John Mauchly and J. Presper
Johannes Gutenberg – made the first Eckert
version of the printing press
- ENIAC was used by the US Army to
- 500 years ago, Gutenberg was computer World War II ballistic
responsible for initiating an firing tables
information & communication - ENIAC’s Field of Application
revolution o weather prediction
Periods of Information Revolutions o atomic energy calculations
o cosmic ray studies
1. The 1st information revolution is o thermal ignition
print-based, this is the Gutenberg era o random-number studies
when mass distribution of o wind-tunnel design
information became possible - ENIAC became obsolete as the need
2. The 2nd information revolution is arose for faster computing speeds
dominated by pre-digital - ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring
developments when computers and switches for programming,
started to be introduced. occupies more than 1000 square feet
3. Last revolution began by the and 18,000 vacuum tubes and
introduction of Internet weighted 30 tons
Different Eras that paved the way for
Information Age
- Renaissance influenced the
information age by creating the idea
of inventions

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 UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) 1976 First personal Apple-1 Steve
computer with Wozniak &
- is the first American commercial keyboard Steve Jobs
computer, designed for business use 1981 First true mobile Osborne-1 Adam
- could perform about 1000 computer Osborne
calculations per second 1983 First Motorola Martin
commercial Dynatac Cooper
Internet – first developed by US the mobile phone 8000x
Department of Defense 1988 First fully Fuji DS-1P Steve
digital camera Sasson
- it led to the formation of the 1988 First fully Gavillian Manny
ARPANET (Advance Research functional Fernandez
Projects Agency Network) laptop computer
1991 First website info.cern.ch Tim
- in early days the internet was used
address Berners-
mainly by scientist to communicate Lee
with other scientists 1991 World Wide Tim
- the internet remained under Web Berners-
government control until 1984 Lee
1992 First smartphone Angler Frank
World Wide Web (WWW) or Web Canova
1993 First personal Apple John
- August 23 1991 users accessed digital assistant Newton Sculley
internet for the first time Message Pad
- Web is defined as “combination of all 1993 First popular Mosaic Marc
resources and users on the internet web browser Andreeseen
that are using the Hypertext Transfer 1994 Yahoo Jerry
Yang&
Protocol (HTTP) David Filo
Internet vs Web
1995 First online Amazon.com Bezos
- Internet is a global network of retailer
networks 1995 Internet Microsoft
- Web is a collection of information explorer
1996 Google Larry Page
which is accessed via the internet & Sergey
Year Description Name of Inventor Brin
developed invention /developer 1997 First social Six Degrees Andrew
1946 First general- ENIAC J.Mauchly &J. media site Weinrich
purpose Eckert 2001 First online Wikipedia Jimmy
computer encyclopedia Wales&
1965 First Olivetti Pier Giorgio Larry
commercial Programma Perotto Sanger
desktop 101 2007 First smartphone iPhone Steve Jobs
computer by Apple Inc
1974 First internet Telenet Bolt Beranek
service & Newman
provider

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8.2 Computers and Mobile Phones
- Computers and mobile phones According to functionality
provided a major defining event that
Analog Computer – uses physical
accelerated the advent of the
phenomena
information age
Digital Computer- performs calculations and
8.2.1 Computers
logical operations with quantities represented
- Computers is defined as “a machine as digits
or device that performs processes,
Hybrid Computers – capable of inputting &
calculations and operations based on
outputting in both digital and analog signals.
instructions provided by a software or
hardware. According to size
- It is designed to execute applications
and provides a variety of solutions by Super computer – fastest and most powerful
combining integrated hardware and type of computer; very expensive
software components Mainframe computer – very large and
Types of computer expensive capable of supporting hundred or
thousands of users simultaneously
- According to purpose
- According to functionality Mini computer or Server – midsize computer;
- According to size capable of supporting 4 to 200 users
simultaneously
According to purpose
Micro computer or Personal Computer
- General purpose computers
o Designed to perform range of - Desktop Computer: a personal or
task micro-mini computer sufficient to fit
o Have the ability to store on a desk
numerous programs - Laptop Computer: a portable
o Lack in speed and efficiency computer complete with an integrated
- Specific purpose computers screen and keyboard
o Designed to handle a specific - Palmtop Computer/Digital
problem or to perform specific Diary/Netbook/Personal Digital
task Assistant: a hand-sized computer, no
o A set of instructions is built keyboard the screen serves both as an
into the machine input and output device
- Workstation: terminal or desktop
computer in network, term for a
user’s machine in contrast to a
“server” or “mainframe”

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SUMMIT – the fastest supercomputer, it has Social Media vs Social Networking
a storage of 148.6 pentabytes
Social media is a platform for broadcasting
In May 2013, the Philippines was the first information whereas social networking is a
ASEAN country to possess a supercomputer platform for communicating with one
named as “IBM Blue Gene” the pilot project another.
that utilized the supercomputer was DOST’s
- There are 5.11 billion people unique
Nationwide Operational Assessment of
mobile users
Hazards (Project NOAH).
- There are 4.39 billion internet users in
2019
- There are 3.48 billion social media
8.2.2 Mobile Phones
users in 2019
- The world’s first mobile phone call - 3.26 billion people use social media
was made on April 3 1973 Timeline of Social Media
- In 1983 Motorola released its first 2002 Friendster
commercial mobile phone known as 2003 LinkedIn, Myspace
“Motorola DynaTac 8000X 2004 Facebook
- The first available commercially 2005 Youtube
available device that could be 2006 Twitter
properly referred to as a 2007 BizSugar, Tumblr
“smartphone” began as a prototype 2008 Facebook
Messenger
called “Angler” developed by Frank
2010 Instagram,
Canova in 1992.
Pinterest, Viber
- A refined version was marketed to
on mobile devices
consumers in 1994 by BellSouth
under the name “Simon Personal On average, people 7.6 social media
Communicator”. accounts. The average daily time spent on
social media as of January 2018 is 42 minutes
8.3 Social Media and Social Networking
per day
Sites
Social media – a computer-based technology
that facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts Friendster – founded by Canadian computer
and information. programmer Jonathan Abrams in 2002 as a
social networking service website but
redesigned and relaunched as a social gaming
platform in June 2011
LinkedIn – was founded in the late 2002, it
considered as the most popular social media
site for professional networking.

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 Viber – launched in 2010 as a cross platform
voice over IP and instant messaging software
Myspace – is an American social networking
application
website which is launched in 2004 by Tom
Anderson, Christ DeWolfe and Jan Hart. It Facebook is the most popular website with
holds the record of the most visited social 2.3 billion users followed by Youtube with
networking site in the world from 2005 to 1.9 billion users.
2008
Skype – was first released in August 2003, it
8.4.1 Health Risks
was the first to add video conferencing in
2006 Being over exposed to digital media can take
a toll on your mental and emotional well-
Facebook – was launched and founded by
beings as well as cause various physical
Mark Zuckerberg with his college roomates
problems
with Eduardo Saverin in 2004
1. Eyestrain and Hearing Problems
Youtube – began when paypal employees
2. Brain Cancer
created a video-sharing website where users
3. Depression
could upload, share and view content.
4. Accidents
www.youtube .com was activated February
a. Anti-Distracted Driving Act
14, 2005
of 2016 “bans the use of a
Twitter – was created on March 2006 by Jack mobile communication device
Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone and Evan while driving or waiting on a
Williams, it is an online news and social red signal
networking service.
Tumblr – a microblogging and social
Information Overloading
networking website founded by David Karp
in 2007. Users can follow other users blog. b. The term “information
overload” was coined by
BizSugar – a social networking platform and
Bertram Gross but it was
niche resource for small business owners,
popularized by Alvin Toffler
entrepreneurs and managers. Created in 2007
in his book “Future Shock”
by DBH Communications
in 1970
Facebook Messenger – is a messaging app c. Is a situation in which too
and platform. Originally developed as much information is given at
Facebook Chat in 2008 one time which can cause the
inability to think clearly.
Instagram – created by Kevin Systrom and
Mike Krieger and launched in October 2010
Pinterest – a web and mobile application
startup designed to discover information in
the world wide web. Launched in 2010

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8.4.3 Data Privacy 8.4.4 Cybercrime
Data privacy or information privacy is the Cybercrime is a crime in which a computer
necessity to preserve and protect any personal is the object of the crime (hacking,
information collected by any organization phishing, spamming) or is used as a tool to
from being accessed by a third party. commit an offense (child pornography, hate
crimes).
Criminals can also use computers for
8.4.3.1 Data Privacy Act of the Philippines
communication and document or data
Filipinos are heavy social media users, for 4 storage, criminals who perform these illegal
years straight the Philippines leads the activities are often referred to as hackers
worldwide social media users (2016-2019).
Cybercrime can be broken into two
categories

President Beningno Aquino signed into law 1. Crimes that target computer networks
the Republic Act No. 10173 known as the or devices. These types of crimes
Data Privacy Act (DPA) of 2012 include viruses and denial-po-service
(DoS) attacks
Scope of RA 10173 2. Crimes that use computer networks to
- All personal information must be advance other criminal activities.
collected for reasons that are These types of crimes include
specified, legitimate and reasonable cyberstalking, phishing and fraud or
- Personal information must be kept identity theft.
accurate and relevant, used only for 8.4.4.1 Cybercrime Prevention Act of the
the stated purpose and retained only Philippines
for as long as reasonably needed
- Personal information must be kept Republic Act 10175 or the Cybercrime
discarded in a way that does not make Prevention Act of 2012 was signed into law
it visible and accessible to by President Benigno Aquino
unauthorized third parties.
Punishable acts under 10175
The Data Privacy Act protects individuals
1. Cybersex, child pornography
from unauthorized processing of personal
2. Cyber libel which includes posting
information that is private and identifiable.
defamatory comments on social
networking sites
3. Unsolicited commercial
communication
4. Offenses against the confidentiality,
integrity and availability of computer
data and system
5. Cybersquatting
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 6. Computer related forgery, fraud and Purpose/Point of view – Why is it being
identity theft written? Is it a fact or opinion?
8.4.5 Fake News
Fake news also known as junk news or
pseudo-news as a type of yellow
journalism or propaganda that consist of
deliberate disinformation or hoaxes.
How to spot fake news:
1. Take a closer look
a. Check the source of the story
2. Look beyond the headline
a. Check the entire article, many
fake news stories use
sensationalist or shocking
headline to grab attention
3. Check other sources
a. Are other reputable
new/media outlets reporting
on the story?
4. Check the facts
a. Fake news stories often
contain incorrect dates and
altered timelines
5. Check your biases
a. Are your own views or beliefs
affecting your judgement of a
news
6. Is it a joke?
a. Satirical jokes are popular
online and sometimes it is not
always clear whether a tory is
just a joke or a parody
Another useful way is CRAP test
Currency – when was the article written?
What about the sources they are using?
Relevancy/Reliability – Are they using
appropriate sources & data?
Authority – who wrote it? Are they credible?
Are they a real person?
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