BSSE – 5th Semester Software Construction & Development Fall 2023

SE-305 Software Construction & Development

Lab # 5
Introduction to Strings

Objective/s:
 Introduction to Strings
 Types of String Functions
 Examples
 Lab Tasks

1. Introduction to Strings

Strings are used for storing text. A String variable contains a collection of characters surrounded
by double quotes:

String greeting = "Hello";

1.1. String Length

A String in Java is actually an object, which contain methods that can perform certain operations
on strings. For example, the length of a string can be found with the length() method:

String txt = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";

System.out.println("The length of the txt string is: " +
txt.length());

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1.2. More String Methods

There are many string methods available, for example toUpperCase() and toLowerCase():

String txt = "Hello World";

System.out.println(txt.toUpperCase()); // Outputs "HELLO WORLD"
System.out.println(txt.toLowerCase()); // Outputs "hello
world"

1.3. Finding a Character in a String

The indexOf() method returns the index (the position) of the first occurrence of a specified text
in a string (including whitespace):

String txt = "Please locate where 'locate' occurs!";

System.out.println(txt.indexOf("locate")); // Outputs 7

1.4. All String Methods

The String class has a set of built-in methods that you can use on strings.

Method Description Return Type

charAt() Returns the character at the specified index char

(position)

codePointAt() Returns the Unicode of the character at the int

specified index

codePointBefore() Returns the Unicode of the character before int

the specified index

codePointCount() Returns the number of Unicode values found int

in a string.

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compareTo() Compares two strings lexicographically int

compareToIgnoreCase( Compares two strings lexicographically, int

) ignoring case differences

concat() Appends a string to the end of another string String

contains() Checks whether a string contains a sequence boolean

of characters

contentEquals() Checks whether a string contains the exact boolean

same sequence of characters of the specified
CharSequence or StringBuffer

copyValueOf() Returns a String that represents the characters String

of the character array

endsWith() Checks whether a string ends with the boolean

specified character(s)

equals() Compares two strings. Returns true if the boolean

strings are equal, and false if not

equalsIgnoreCase() Compares two strings, ignoring case boolean

considerations

format() Returns a formatted string using the specified String

locale, format string, and arguments

getBytes() Encodes this String into a sequence of bytes byte[]

using the named charset, storing the result
into a new byte array

getChars() Copies characters from a string to an array of void

chars

hashCode() Returns the hash code of a string int

indexOf() Returns the position of the first found int

occurrence of specified characters in a string

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intern() Returns the canonical representation for the String

string object

isEmpty() Checks whether a string is empty or not boolean

lastIndexOf() Returns the position of the last found int

occurrence of specified characters in a string

length() Returns the length of a specified string int

matches() Searches a string for a match against a regular boolean

expression, and returns the matches

offsetByCodePoints() Returns the index within this String that is int

offset from the given index by
codePointOffset code points

regionMatches() Tests if two string regions are equal boolean

replace() Searches a string for a specified value, and String

returns a new string where the specified
values are replaced

replaceFirst() Replaces the first occurrence of a substring String

that matches the given regular expression
with the given replacement

replaceAll() Replaces each substring of this string that String

matches the given regular expression with the
given replacement

split() Splits a string into an array of substrings String[]

startsWith() Checks whether a string starts with specified boolean

characters

subSequence() Returns a new character sequence that is a CharSequence

subsequence of this sequence

substring() Returns a new string which is the substring of String

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a specified string

toCharArray() Converts this string to a new character array char[]

toLowerCase() Converts a string to lower case letters String

toString() Returns the value of a String object String

toUpperCase() Converts a string to upper case letters String

trim() Removes whitespace from both ends of a String

string

valueOf() Returns the string representation of the String

specified value

2. Tasks

1. Create a class in JAVA implementing all the above explained String functions.