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7 Structs

This document discusses structs and enumerations in C programming language. It defines structs as user-defined data types that allow grouping of different data types together. Structs can contain integer, floating point, character and enumerated data members. Individual members of a struct variable can be accessed using the dot operator. The document also discusses typedef which allows creating aliases for structs for easier declaration and use of struct variables. A sample program demonstrates creating nested structs and accessing members.

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Sk Md Hisbur Rahman
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14 views9 pages

7 Structs

This document discusses structs and enumerations in C programming language. It defines structs as user-defined data types that allow grouping of different data types together. Structs can contain integer, floating point, character and enumerated data members. Individual members of a struct variable can be accessed using the dot operator. The document also discusses typedef which allows creating aliases for structs for easier declaration and use of struct variables. A sample program demonstrates creating nested structs and accessing members.

Uploaded by

Sk Md Hisbur Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Programming Language

Structs and Enumeration


Data Structures (struct)
• Arrays require that all elements be of the same data type.
• Many times it is necessary to group information of different data
types.
• An example is a materials list for a product. The list typically
includes a name for each item, a part number, dimensions, weight,
and cost.
• C support data structures that can store combinations of character,
integer floating point and enumerated type data. They are called a
structs.
Structures (struct)
• A struct is a derived data type composed of members that are each
fundamental or derived data types.

• A single struct would store the data for one object. An array of
structs would store the data for several objects.

• A struct can be defined in several ways as illustrated in the


following examples:
Declaring Structures (struct)
Does Not Reserve Space Reserves Space

struct my_example struct my_example


{
{
int label;
int label; char letter;
char letter; char name[20];
char name[20]; } mystruct ;
};
/* The name "my_example" is called
a structure tag */
User Defined Data Types (typedef)
• The C language provides a facility called typedef for creating
synonyms for previously defined data type names. For example,
the declaration:

typedef int Length;

makes the name Length a synonym (or alias) for the data type int.
• The data “type” name Length can now be used in declarations in
exactly the same way that the data type int can be used:

Length a, b, len ;
Length numbers[10] ;
Typedef & Struct
• Often, typedef is used in combination with struct to declare a
synonym (or an alias) for a structure:

typedef struct /* Define a structure */


{
int label ;
char letter;
char name[20] ;
} Some_name ; /* The "alias" is Some_name */

Some_name mystruct ; /* Create a struct variable */


Accessing Struct Members
Individual members of a struct variable may be accessed using the
structure member operator (the dot, “.”):
mystruct.letter ;

Or , if a pointer to the struct has been declared and initialized


Some_name *myptr = &mystruct ;
by using the structure pointer operator (the “->“):
myptr -> letter ;
which could also be written as:
(*myptr).letter ;
Sample Program With Structs
/* This program illustrates creating structs and then declaring and using
struct variables. Note that struct personal is an included data type in
struct "identity".
*/
#include <stdio.h>
struct personal //Create a struct but don’t reserve space.
{ long id;
float gpa;
} ;
struct identity //Create a second struct that includes
the first one.
{ char name[30];
struct personal person;
} ;
Sample Program With Structs
(cont.)
int main ( )
{
struct identity js = {"Joe Smith"}, *ptr = &js ;

js.person.id = 123456789 ;
js.person.gpa = 3.4 ;
printf ("%s %ld %f\n", js.name, js.person.id,
js.person.gpa) ;
printf ("%s %ld %f\n", ptr->name, ptr->person.id,
ptr->person.gpa) ;
}

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