Topic 2 Part 1 MS 1
Topic 2 Part 1 MS 1
Topic 2 Part 1 MS 1
[2 marks]
1a.
Markscheme
EITHER
f(−x) = f(x) M1
⇒ a x2 − bx + c = a x2 + bx + c ⇒ 2bx = 0, (∀x ∈ R) A1
OR
THEN
⇒b=0 AG
[2 marks]
Examiners report
Sometimes backwards working but many correct approaches.
[2 marks]
1b.
Markscheme
g(−x) = −g(x) ⇒ p sin(−x) − qx + r = −p sin x − qx − r
⇒ −p sin x − qx + r = −p sin x − qx − r M1
⇒ 2r = 0 ⇒ r = 0 A1
[2 marks]
Examiners report
Some candidates did not know what odd and even functions were. Correct solutions from those who applied the
definition.
1c. [2 marks]
Markscheme
h(−x) = h(x) = −h(x) ⇒ 2h(x) = 0 ⇒ h(x) = 0, (∀x) M1A1
[2 marks]
Total [6 marks]
Examiners report
Some realised: just apply the definitions. Some did very strange things involving f and g .
2a. [4 marks]
Markscheme
3x−2
f :x→y= 2x−1
f −1 : y → x
3x−2
y= 2x−1
⇒ 3x − 2 = 2xy − y M1
⇒ 3x − 2xy = −y + 2 M1
x(3 − 2y) = 2 − y
2−y
x= 3−2y
A1
(f −1 (y) = )
2−y
3−2y
2−x
f −1 (x) = 3−2x
(x ≠ 32 ) A1
[4 marks]
Examiners report
Well done. Only a few candidates confused inverse with derivative or reciprocal.
[2 marks]
2b.
Markscheme
3x−2 B
2x−1
= A+ 2x−1
⇒ 3x − 2 = A(2x − 1) + B
equating coefficients 3 = 2A and −2 = −A + B (M1)
3
A= 2
and B = − 12 A1
[2 marks]
Examiners report
Not enough had the method of polynomial division.
[1 mark]
2c.
Markscheme
∫ f(x)dx = 32 x − 14 ln|2x − 1| + c A1
Total [7 marks]
Examiners report
Reasonable if they had an answer to (b) (follow through was given) usual mistakes with not allowing for the derivative
of the bracket.
3a. [3 marks]
Markscheme
(−
an−1 1
(i)
an
=) − 2
A1
[3 marks]
Examiners report
Both parts fine if they used the formula, some tried to use the quadratic equivalent formula. Surprisingly some even
found all the roots.
[2 marks]
3b.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
Tofal [5 marks]
Examiners report
Some notation problems for weaker candidates. Good candidates used either of the methods shown in the
Markscheme.
[1 mark]
4a.
Markscheme
g ∘ f(x) = g (f(x)) M1
= g (2x + π5 )
= 3 sin(2x + π5 ) + 4 AG
[1 mark]
Examiners report
Well done.
4b. [2 marks]
Markscheme
since −1 ≤ sinθ ≤ +1, range is [1, 7] (R1)A1
[2 marks]
Examiners report
Generally well done, some used more complicated methods rather than considering the range of sine.
[2 marks]
4c.
Markscheme
3π
3 sin(2x + π5 ) + 4 = 7 ⇒ 2x + π
5
= π
2
+ 2nπ ⇒ x = 20
+ nπ (M1)
23π
so next biggest value is A1
20
[2 marks]
Examiners report
Fine if they realised the period was π, not if they thought it was 2π.
[4 marks]
4d.
Markscheme
Note: Transformations can be in any order but see notes below.
4
Note: Vertical translation is up if it occurs before stretch parallel to
3
y axis.
1
stretch scale factor parallel to
2
x axis (horizontally) A1
π
horizontal translation of to the left A1
10
π
Note: Horizontal translation is to the left if it occurs before stretch parallel to
5
x axis.
Accept any correct terminology provided that the meaning is clear eg shift for translation.
[4 marks]
Total [9 marks]
Examiners report
π
Typically 3 marks were gained. It was the shift in the axis χ of that caused the problem.
10
[2 marks]
5a.
Markscheme
dy
dx
= 1 × e3x + x × 3e3x = (e3x + 3xe3x ) M1A1
[2 marks]
Examiners report
Well done.
[7 marks]
5b.
Markscheme
dn y
let P (n) be the statement
dxn
= n3n−1 e3x + x3n e3x
prove for n=1 M1
dy
LHS of P (1) is dx which is 1 × e3x + x × 3e3x and
RHS is 30 e3x + x31 e3x R1
as LHS = RHS, P (1) is true
assume P (k) is true and attempt to prove P (k + 1) is true M1
d y
k
assuming
dxk
= k3k−1 e3x + x3k e3x
( )
dk+1 y d dk y
dxk+1
= dx dxk
(M1)
Note: To gain last R1 at least four of the above marks must have been gained.
[7 marks]
Examiners report
The logic of an induction proof was not known well enough. Many candidates used what they had to prove rather than
differentiating what they had assumed. They did not have enough experience in doing Induction proofs.
[5 marks]
5c.
Markscheme
e3x + x × 3e3x = 0 ⇒ 1 + 3x = 0 ⇒ x = − 13 M1A1
1 1
point is (−
3
, − 3e
) A1
EITHER
d2 y
dx2
= 2 × 3e3x + x × 32 e3x
d2 y
when x = − 13 , dx2
> 0 therefore the point is a minimum M1A1
OR
[5 marks]
Examiners report
Good, some forgot to test for min/max, some forgot to give the y value.
[5 marks]
5d.
Markscheme
d2 y
= 2 × 3e3x + x × 32 e3x A1
dx2
point is (− )
2 2
3
, − 3e2
A1
since the curvature does change (concave down to concave up) it is a point of inflection R1
rd 2
Note: Allow 3 derivative is not zero at −
3
[5 marks]
Examiners report
Again quite good, some forgot to check for change in curvature and some forgot the y value.
[2 marks]
6a.
Markscheme
a>0 A1
a≠0 A1
[2 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[6 marks]
6b.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
ln y ln x
logx y = ln x
and logy x = ln y
M1A1
2
( ln x ) = 4
ln y
A1
ln y = ±2 ln x A1
1
y = x2 or A1A1
x2
METHOD 2
logx x 1
logy x = logx y
= logx y
M1A1
(logx y)2 = 4 A1
logx y = ±2 A1
1
y= x2 or y= A1A1
x2
Note: The final two A marks are independent of the one coming before.
[6 marks]
Total [8 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[4 marks]
7a.
Markscheme
shape of curve A1
Note: This mark can only be awarded if there appear to be both horizontal and vertical asymptotes.
intersection at (0, 0) A1
horizontal asymptote at
y = 3 A1
vertical asymptote at x =2 A1
[4 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
7b. [4 marks]
Markscheme
3x
y= x−2
xy − 2y = 3x M1A1
xy − 3x = 2y
2y
x= y−3
2x
(f −1 (x)) = x−3
M1A1
Note: Final M1 is for interchanging of x and y, which may be seen at any stage.
[4 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[3 marks]
7c.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
2x 3x
attempt to solve
x−3
= x−2
(M1)
2x(x − 2) = 3x(x − 3)
x [2(x − 2) − 3(x − 3)] = 0
x(5 − x) = 0
x=0 or x=5 A1A1
METHOD 2
3x 2x
x= x−2
or x= x−3
(M1)
[3 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[4 marks]
7d.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
3x 3 3x
at A : x−2
= 2
AND at B : x−2
= − 32 M1
6x = 3x − 6
x = −2 A1
6x = 6 − 3x
2
x= 3
A1
2
solution is −2 <x< A1
3
METHOD 2
2
( x−2 ) < ( 32 )
3x 2
M1
2
solution is −2 <x< A1
3
[4 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[2 marks]
7e.
Markscheme
−2 < x < 2 A1A1
Note: If working is shown, then A marks may only be awarded following correct working.
[2 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[2 marks]
8a.
Markscheme
tan x+1
g ∘ f(x) = tan x−1
A1
π
x≠ 4
, 0 ≤ x < π2 A1
[2 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[2 marks]
8b.
Markscheme
sin x
tan x+1 +1
tan x−1
= cos
sin
x
x
M1A1
cos x
−1
sin x+cos x
= sin x−cos x
AG
[2 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[6 marks]
8c.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
dy (sin x−cos x)(cos x−sin x)−(sin x+cos x)(cos x+sin x)
dx
= M1(A1)
(sin x−cos x) 2
−2
= √3
A1
1− 2
−4
=
2−√3
( )
−4 2+√3
= M1
2−√3 2+√3
−8−4 √3 –
= 1
= −8 − 4√3 A1
METHOD 2
dy (tan x−1)sec2 x−(tan x+1)sec2 x
dx
= M1A1
(tan x−1)2
−2 sec2 x
= A1
(tan x−1)2
−2sec2 π −2( 43 )
−8
= 6
2
= 2
= 2
M1
(tan π
6
−1) ( 1
−1) (1−√3 )
√3
π
Note: Award M1 for substitution .
6
−8 −8 (4+2 √3 ) –
2
= = −8 − 4√3 M1A1
(1−√3 ) (4−2 √3 ) (4+2 √3 )
[6 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[6 marks]
8d.
Markscheme
π
Area
∣∫ 6 sin x+cos x
dx∣ M1
∣ 0 sin x−cos x ∣
π
= ∣[ln|sin x − cos x|] 06 ∣ A1
∣ ∣
Note: Condone absence of limits and absence of modulus signs at this stage.
= ∣∣ln∣∣sin π
6
− cos π6 ∣∣ − ln|sin 0 − cos 0|∣∣ M1
= ∣∣ln∣∣ 12 −
√3 ∣
2 ∣
− 0∣∣
= ∣∣ln( )∣
√3 −1 ∣
A1
2
) )
√3 −1 2
= − ln( 2
= ln( A1
√3 −1
)
2 √3 +1
= ln( × M1
√3 −1 √3 +1
–
= ln(√3 + 1) AG
[6 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[3 marks]
9a.
Markscheme
(i)-(iii) given the three roots α, β, γ, we have
x3 + px2 + qx + c = (x − α)(x − β)(x − γ) M1
comparing coefficients:
p = −(α + β + γ) AG
q = (αβ + βγ + γα) AG
c = −αβγ AG
[3 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[5 marks]
9b.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
(i) Given −α − β − γ = −6
And αβ + βγ + γα = 18
Let the three roots be α, β, γ
So β−α = γ−β M1
or 2β = α + γ
Attempt to solve simultaneous equations: M1
β + 2β = 6 A1
β=2 AG
(ii) α+γ=4
2α + 2γ + αγ = 18
⇒ γ 2 − 4γ + 10 = 0
4±i √24
⇒γ= 2
(A1)
c = −αβγ = − ( )( 2 )2
4+i √24 4−i √24
Therefore
2
= −20 A1
METHOD 2
adding roots M1
to give 3α = 6 A1
α=2 AG
(ii) α is a root, so 23 − 6 × 22 + 18 × 2 + c = 0 M1
8 − 24 + 36 + c = 0
c = −20 A1
METHOD 3
adding roots M1
to give 3α = 6 A1
α=2 AG
[5 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[6 marks]
9c.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
Given −α − β − γ = −6
And αβ + βγ + γα = 18
Let the three roots be α, β, γ.
β γ
So
α
= β
M1
or β 2 = αγ
Attempt to solve simultaneous equations: M1
αβ + γβ + β2 = 18
β(α + β + γ) = 18
6β = 18
β=3 A1
9
α + γ = 3, α = γ
⇒ γ 2 − 3γ + 9 = 0
3±i √27
⇒γ= 2
(A1)(A1)
c = −αβγ = − ( )( 2 )3
3+i √27 3−i √27
Therefore
2
= −27 A1
METHOD 2
attempt at substitution of a, ar, ar2 and p and q into equations from (a) M1
6 = a + ar + a r2 (= a(1 + r + r2 )) A1
18 = a2 r + a2 r3 + a2 r2 (= a2 r(1 + r + r2 )) A1
therefore 3 = ar A1
[6 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[2 marks]
10a.
Markscheme
1 1 √n+1 −√n
= × M1
√n+√n+1 √n+√n+1 √n+1 −√n
√n+1 −√n
= A1
(n+1)−n
−−−−−
= √n + 1 − √−
n AG
[2 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[2 marks]
10b.
Markscheme
– 1
√2 − 1 = A2
√2 +√1
1
< AG
√2
[2 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[9 marks]
10c.
Markscheme
1 –
consider the case n = 2: required to prove that 1 + > √2 M1
√2
1 –
from part (b) > √2 − 1
√2
1 –
hence 1+ > √2 is true for n = 2 A1
√2
r=k
1 −
now assume true for n=k:∑ > √k M1
√r
r=1
1 √1 −
+…+ > √k
√1 √k
1 √1 1 −−−−
attempt to prove true for n = k+1 : +…+ + > √k + 1 (M1)
√1 √k √k+1
1 √1 1 − 1
from assumption, we have that +…+ + > √k + M1
√1 √k √k+1 √k+1
− 1 −−−−
so attempt to show that √k + > √k + 1 (M1)
√k+1
EITHER
1 −−−− −
> √k + 1 − √k A1
√k+1
1 1
> , (from part a), which is true A1
√k+1 √k+√k+1
OR
− 1 √k+1 √k+1
√k + = A1
√k+1 √k+1
√k√k+1 −−−−
> = √k + 1 A1
√k+1
THEN
[9 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[4 marks]
11.
Markscheme
f ′ (x) = 3x2 + ex A1
Note: Accept labelled diagram showing the graph y = f ′ (x) above the x-axis;
do not accept unlabelled graphs nor graph of y = f(x).
EITHER
and thus 1 − 1 A1
OR
and thus 1 − 1 A1
[4 marks]
Examiners report
The differentiation was normally completed correctly, but then a large number did not realise what was required to
determine the type of the original function. Most candidates scored 1/4 and wrote explanations that showed little or no
understanding of the relation between first derivative and the given function. For example, it was common to see
comments about horizontal and vertical line tests but applied to the incorrect function.In term of mathematical
language, it was noted that candidates used many terms incorrectly showing no knowledge of the meaning of terms
like ‘parabola’, ‘even’ or ‘odd’ ( or no idea about these concepts).
[3 marks]
12a.
Markscheme
[3 marks]
Examiners report
In general part (a) was performed correctly, with the vast majority of candidates stating the correct open intervals as
required.
[7 marks]
12b.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
Note: Award A1 for at least one of the values above seen anywhere.
METHOD 2
(graph of g(x) − 1
)
g(x)
[7 marks]
Examiners report
In part (b) many candidates scored a few marks by just finding intersection points and equations of asymptotes; many
other candidates showed difficulties in manipulating inequalities and ignored the fact that the quantities could be
negative. Candidates that used the graph well managed to achieve full marks. Unfortunately many sketches were very
crudely drawn hence they were of limited value for assessment purposes.
[5 marks]
13.
Markscheme
P(2) = 24 + 2a + b = 2, P(−1) = −3 − a + b = 5 M1A1A1
(2a + b = −22, − a + b = 8)
Note: Award M1 for substitution of 2 or −1 and equating to remainder, A1 for each correct equation.
Examiners report
[N/A]
[6 marks]
14.
Markscheme
−48
r1 + r2 + r3 = 5
(M1)(A1)
r1 r2 r3 = a−2
5
(M1)(A1)
−48
5
+ a−2
5
= 0 M1
a = 50 A1
[6 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[4 marks]
15.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
substituting
−5 + 12i + a(2 + 3i) + b = 0 (A1)
equating real or imaginary parts (M1)
12 + 3a = 0 ⇒ a = −4 A1
−5 + 2a + b = 0 ⇒ b = 13 A1
METHOD 2
other root is
2 − 3i (A1)
considering either the sum or product of roots or multiplying factors (M1)
4 = −a (sum of roots) so
a = −4 A1
13 = b (product of roots) A1
[4 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[5 marks]
16a.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
sketch showing where the lines cross or zeros of
y = x(x + 2)6 − x (M1)
x=0 (A1)
x = −1 and
x = −3 (A1)
the solution is
−3 < x < −1 or
x>0 A1A1
Note: Do not award either final A1 mark if strict inequalities are not given.
METHOD 2
separating into two cases
x > 0 and
x<0 (M1)
if
x > 0 then
(x + 2)6 > 1 ⇒ always true (M1)
if
x < 0 then
(x + 2)6 < 1 ⇒ −3 < x < −1 (M1)
so the solution is
−3 < x < −1 or
x>0 A1A1
Note: Do not award either final A1 mark if strict inequalities are not given.
METHOD 3
f(x) = x7 + 12x6 + 60x5 + 160x4 + 240x3 + 192x2 + 64x (A1)
solutions to
x7 + 12x6 + 60x5 + 160x4 + 240x3 + 192x2 + 63x = 0 are (M1)
x = 0, x = −1 and
x = −3 (A1)
so the solution is
−3 < x < −1 or
x>0 A1A1
Note: Do not award either final A1 mark if strict inequalities are not given.
METHOD 4
f(x) = x when
x(x + 2)6 = x
either
x = 0 or
(x + 2)6 = 1 (A1)
if
(x + 2)6 = 1 then
x + 2 = ±1 so
x = −1 or
x = −3 (M1)(A1)
the solution is
−3 < x < −1 or
x>0 A1A1
Note: Do not award either final A1 mark if strict inequalities are not given.
[5 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[5 marks]
16b.
Markscheme
METHOD 1 (by substitution)
substituting
u = x+2 (M1)
du = dx
∫ (u − 2)u6 du M1A1
1 8
= 8
u − 27 u7 (+c) (A1)
1
= 8
(x + 2)8 − 27 (x + 2)7 (+c) A1
METHOD 2 (by parts)
du dv
u=x⇒ dx
= (x + 2)6 ⇒ v = 17 (x + 2)7
= 1,
dx
(M1)(A1)
∫ x(x + 2) dx = 17 x(x + 2) 7 − 17 ∫ (x + 2) 7 dx
6
M1
= 17 x(x + 2)7 − 561 (x + 2)8 (+c) A1A1
METHOD 3 (by expansion)
∫ f(x)dx = ∫ (x7 + 12x6 + 60x5 + 160x4 + 240x3 + 192x2 + 64x) dx M1A1
1 8 12 7
= 8
x + 7
x + 10x6 + 32x5 + 60x4 + 64x3 + 32x2 (+c) M1A2
[5 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[4 marks]
17a.
Markscheme
x → −∞ ⇒ y → − 12 so
y = − 12 is an asymptote (M1)A1
ex − 2 = 0 ⇒ x = ln 2 so
x = ln 2 (= 0.693) is an asymptote (M1)A1
[4 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[8 marks]
17b.
Markscheme
(i)
2(ex −2)e2x −(e2x +1)ex
f ′ (x) = M1A1
(ex −2) 2
e3x −4e2x − ex
=
(ex −2) 2
(ii)
f ′ (x) = 0 when
e3x − 4e2x − ex = 0 M1
ex (e2x − 4ex − 1) = 0
–
ex = 0, ex = −0.236, ex = 4.24 (or ex = 2 ± √5) A1A1
as
ex > 0 exactly one solution R1
Examiners report
[N/A]
[4 marks]
17c.
Markscheme
f ′ (0) = −4 (A1)
so gradient of normal is
1
4
(M1)
f(0) = −2 (A1)
so equation of
L1 is
y = 14 x − 2 A1
[4 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[5 marks]
17d.
Markscheme
1
f ′ (x) = 4
M1
so
x = 1.46 (M1)A1
f(1.46) = 8.47 (A1)
equation of
L2 is
y − 8.47 = 14 (x − 1.46) A1
(or
y = 14 x + 8.11)
[5 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[18 marks]
18.
Markscheme
(a) (i)
f(0) = −1 (M1)A1
(ii)
(f ∘ g)(0) = f(4) = 3 A1
(iii)
(M1)A1
Note: Award M1 for evidence that the lower part of the graph has been reflected and A1 correct shape with y-intercept below 4.
[5 marks]
(b) (i)
(M1)A1
(ii)
±1 A1
Note: Do not award the A1 if coordinates given, but do not penalise in the rest of the question
[3 marks]
(c) (i)
(M1)A1
Note: Award M1 for evidence that lower part of (b) has been reflected in the x-axis and translated.
(ii)
0, ± 2 A1
[3 marks]
(d) (i)
±1, ± 3 A1
(ii)
0, ± 2, ± 4 A1
(iii)
0, ± 2, ± 4, ± 6, ± 8 A1
[3 marks]
(e) (i)
(1, 3), (2, 5), … (M1)
N = 2n + 1 A1
(ii) Using the formula of the sum of an arithmetic series (M1)
EITHER
4(1 + 2 + 3 + … + n) = 42 n(n + 1)
= 2n(n + 1) A1
OR
= 2n(n + 1) A1
[4 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[6 marks]
19.
Markscheme
(a) using the formulae for the sum and product of roots:
α + β = −2 A1
αβ = − 12 A1
α2 + β 2 = (α + β)2 − 2αβ M1
= (−2)2 − 2 (− 12 )
=5 A1
[4 marks]
(b)
(x − α2 )(x − β 2 ) = x2 − (α2 + β 2 )x + α2 β 2 M1
2
x2 − 5x + (− 12 ) = 0 A1
x2 − 5x + 14 = 0
[2 marks]
Total [6 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
20a. [2 marks]
Markscheme
A1A1
Note: Award A1 for correct shape and A1 for correct domain and range.
[2 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
20b. [3 marks]
Markscheme
∣∣cos( x )∣∣ = 1
4 2
x = 4π3 A1
attempting to find any other solutions M1
Note: Award (M1) if at least one of the other solutions is correct (in radians or degrees) or clear use of symmetry is seen.
x = 8π − 4π3 = 20π
3
x = 4π − 4π3 = 8π
3
x = 4π + 4π3 = 16π
3
A1
Note: Award A1 for all other three solutions correct and no extra solutions.
[3 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
21a. [2 marks]
Markscheme
1 − 2(2) = −3 and
3
4
(2 − 2)2 − 3 = −3 A1
both answers are the same, hence f is continuous (at
x = 2) R1
Note: R1 may be awarded for justification using a graph or referring to limits. Do not award A0R1.
[2 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[4 marks]
21b.
Markscheme
reflection in the y-axis
f(−x) = { 3
1 + 2x, x ≥ −2
(M1)
4
(x + 2)2 − 3, x < −2
translation
2
( )
0
g(x) = {
2x − 3, x ≥ 0
3 2 (M1)A1A1
4
x − 3, x < 0
[4 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[2 marks]
22a.
Markscheme
A1A1
[2 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
22b. [2 marks]
Markscheme
h ∘ g(x) = arctan( x1 ) A1
domain of
h ∘ g is equal to the domain of
g : x ∈ ∘, x ≠ 0 A1
[2 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
22c. [7 marks]
Markscheme
(i)
f(x) = arctan(x) + arctan( x1 )
1 1
f ′ (x) = + × − 12 M1A1
1+x2 1+ 1 x
x2
1
−
1
f ′ (x) = + x2
(A1)
1+x2 x2 +1
x2
1 1
= −
1+x2 1+x2
=0 A1
(ii) METHOD 1
f is a constant R1
when
x>0
f(1) = π
4
+ π4 M1A1
= π
2
AG
METHOD 2
from diagram
θ = arctan x1 A1
α = arctanx A1
θ +α = π
2
R1
hence
f(x) = π
2
AG
METHOD 3
tan(f(x)) = tan(arctan(x) + arctan( x1 )) M1
x+ 1x
= A1
1−x( 1x )
denominator = 0, so
f(x) = π
2
(for x > 0) R1
[7 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[3 marks]
22d.
Markscheme
(i) Nigel is correct. A1
METHOD 1
arctan(x) is an odd function and
1
x
is an odd function
composition of two odd functions is an odd function and sum of two odd functions is an odd function R1
METHOD 2
f(−x) = arctan(−x) + arctan(− x1 ) = − arctan(x) − arctan( x1 ) = −f(x)
therefore f is an odd function. R1
(ii)
f(x) = − π2 A1
[3 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[2 marks]
23a.
Markscheme
xA = 2.87 A1
xB = 6.78 A1
[2 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[3 marks]
23b.
Markscheme
6.77681K
∫2.87172K 1 − 2 sin x − x2 e−x dx (M1)(A1)
= 6.76 A1
Note: Award (M1) for definite integral and (A1) for a correct definite integral.
[3 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
24a. [2 marks]
Markscheme
1
g(x) = x+3
+1 A1A1
[2 marks]
24b.
Markscheme
x = −3 A1
y=1 A1
[2 marks]
Total [4 marks]
Examiners report
This question was generally well done. A few candidates made a sign error for the horizontal translation. A few
candidates expressed the required equations for the asymptotes as ‘inequalities’, which received no marks.
25a. [2 marks]
Markscheme
using the formulae for the sum and product of roots:
(i) α+β=4 A1
1
(ii) αβ = 2
A1
Note: Award A0A0 if the above results are obtained by solving the original equation (except for the purpose of
checking).
[2 marks]
Examiners report
Most candidates obtained full marks.
25b. [4 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
4
q= αβ
q=8 A1
p = − ( α2 + 2β )
2(α+β)
=− αβ
M1
= − 2×4
1
2
p = −16 A1
METHOD 2
2
replacing x with x M1
2
2( 2x ) − 8 ( 2x ) + 1 = 0
8 16
− x
+1=0 (A1)
x2
x2 − 16x + 8 = 0
p = −16 and q = 8 A1A1
Note: Award A1A0 for x2 − 16x + 8 = 0 ie, if p = −16 and q = 8 are not explicitly stated.
[4 marks]
Total [6 marks]
Examiners report
Many candidates obtained full marks, but some responses were inefficiently expressed. A very small minority
attempted to use the exact roots, usually unsuccessfully.
[4 marks]
26a.
Markscheme
(i) x = e3y+1 M1
Note: The M1 is for switching variables and can be awarded at any stage.
[4 marks]
Examiners report
Generally very well done, even by candidates who had shown considerable weaknesses elsewhere on the paper.
26b. [5 marks]
Markscheme
ln x = 13 (ln x − 1) ⇒ ln x − 13 ln x = − 13 (or equivalent) M1A1
ln x = − 12 (or equivalent) A1
1
x = e− 2 A1
(e− 2 , − 12 )
1
coordinates of P are A1
[5 marks]
Examiners report
Generally very well done, even by candidates who had shown considerable weaknesses elsewhere on the paper.
[3 marks]
26c.
Markscheme
coordinates of Q are (1, 0) seen anywhere A1
dy 1
dx
= x
M1
dy
at Q, =1 A1
dx
y = x−1 AG
[3 marks]
Examiners report
Generally very well done, even by candidates who had shown considerable weaknesses elsewhere on the paper.
[5 marks]
26d.
Markscheme
let the required area be A
e e
A = ∫1 x − 1dx − ∫1 ln xdx M1
x2
Note: Award A1 for
2
− x and A1 for x ln x − x.
Note: The second M1 and second A1 are independent of the first M1 and the first A1.
= e2
2
− e − 12 (= e2 −2e−1
2
) A1
[5 marks]
Examiners report
A productive question for many candidates, but some didn’t realise that a difference of areas/integrals was required.
26e. [6 marks]
Markscheme
(i) METHOD 1
so g(x) ≤ x − 1, x ∈ R+ AG
METHOD 2
1
g′′ (x) = − A1
x2
g′′ (x) < 0 (concave down) for x ∈ R+ R1
METHOD 3
clear correct graphs of y = x − 1 and ln x for x > 0 A1A1
statement to the effect that the graph of ln x is below the graph of its tangent at x =1 R1AG
− ln x ≤ 1
x
− 1 (= 1−x
x
) (A1)
ln x ≥ 1 − 1x (= x−1
x
) A1
so
x−1
x
≤ g(x), x ∈ R+ AG
[6 marks]
Examiners report
(i) Many candidates adopted a graphical approach, but sometimes with unconvincing reasoning.
(ii) Poorly answered. Many candidates applied the suggested substitution only to one side of the inequality, and then
had to fudge the answer.
[6 marks]
27.
Markscheme
using p(a) = −7 to obtain 3a3 + a2 + 5a + 7 = 0 M1A1
(a + 1)(3a3 − 2a + 7) = 0 (M1)(A1)
Note: Award M1 for a cubic graph with correct shape and A1 for clearly showing that the above cubic crosses the
horizontal axis at (−1, 0) only.
a = −1 A1
EITHER
OR
showing that 3a3 + a2 + 5a + 7 = 0 has one real (and two complex) solutions for a R1
Note: Award R1 for solutions that make specific reference to an appropriate graph.
[6 marks]
Examiners report
A large number of candidates, either by graphical (mostly) or algebraic or via use of a GDC solver, were able to readily
obtain a = −1. Most candidates who were awarded full marks however, made specific reference to an appropriate
graph. Only a small percentage of candidates used the discriminant to justify that only one value of a satisfied the
required condition. A number of candidates erroneously obtained 3a3 + a2 + 5a − 7 = 0 or equivalent rather than
3a3 + a2 + 5a + 7 = 0.
[3 marks]
28a.
Markscheme
u2 u3 a+2d a
using r = u1
= u2
to form
a+6d
= a+2d
(M1)
[3 marks]
Examiners report
u1 u2 u2 u3
Part (a) was reasonably well done. A number of candidates used r = u2
= u3
rather than r= u1
= u2
. This invariably
led to candidates obtaining r = 2 in part (b).
28b. [6 marks]
Markscheme
a
substituting d = 2
into a + 6d = 3 and solving for a and d (M1)
3 3
a= 4
and d= 8
(A1)
1
r= 2
A1
3(1−( 12 ) )
n
3
n
2
(2 × 4
+ (n − 1) 38 ) − ≥ 200 (A1)
1− 12
n ≥ 31.68 …
so the least value of n is 32 A1
[6 marks]
Total [9 marks]
Examiners report
In part (b), most candidates were able to correctly find the first term and the common difference for the arithmetic
sequence. However a number of candidates either obtained r = 2 via means described in part (a) or confused the two
3
sequences and used u1 = 4
for the geometric sequence.
[3 marks]
29a.
Markscheme
each triangle has area 1 x2 sin 2π
(use of 12 ab sin C) (M1)
8 n
there are
n triangles so A = 18 nx2 sin 2π
n
A1
4( 18 nx2 sin 2π
n
)
C= A1
πn2
so C= n
2π
sin 2π
n
AG
[3 marks]
Examiners report
Most candidates found this a difficult question with a large number of candidates either not attempting it or making
little to no progress. In part (a), a number of candidates attempted to show the desired result using specific regular
polygons. Some candidates attempted to fudge the result.
29b. [4 marks]
Markscheme
attempting to find the least value of
n such that n
2π
sin 2π
n
> 0.99 (M1)
n = 26 A1
2π
n sin
Note: Award (M0)A0(M1)A1 if
n
2π
sin 2π > 0.99 is not considered and n
> 0.99 is correctly considered.
n π(1+cos πn )
Examiners report
In part (b), the overwhelming majority of candidates that obtained either n = 21 or n = 26 or both used either a GDC
numerical solve feature or a graphical approach rather than a tabular approach which is more appropriate for a
discrete variable such as the number of sides of a regular polygon. Some candidates wasted valuable time by showing
2π
n sin
that C = n
(a given result).
π(1+cos πn )
[3 marks]
30a.
Markscheme
b
attempting to use V = π ∫a x2 dy (M1)
V = 4π ( h2 + 16h)
2
AG
[3 marks]
Examiners report
This question was done reasonably well by a large proportion of candidates. Many candidates however were unable to
show the required result in part (a). A number of candidates seemingly did not realize how the container was formed
while other candidates attempted to fudge the result.
30b. [3 marks]
Markscheme
EITHER
250 √h
the depth stabilizes when dV = 0 ie 8.5 − =0 R1
dt π(h+16)
250 √h
attempting to solve 8.5 − = 0 for h (M1)
π(h+16)
OR
(8.5 − )=0
250 √h
the depth stabilizes when dh = 0 ie 1
R1
dt 4π(h+16) π(h+16)
(8.5 − ) = 0 for h
1 250 √h
attempting to solve (M1)
4π(h+16) π(h+16)
THEN
h = 5.06 (cm) A1
[3 marks]
Examiners report
In part (c), a pleasing number of candidates realized that the water depth stabilized when either dV = 0 or dh
= 0,
dt dt
sketched an appropriate graph and found the correct value of h. Some candidates misinterpreted the situation and
attempted to find the coordinates of the local minimum of their graph.
31a. [1 mark]
Markscheme
A1
Note: Award A1 for a correct graph with scales on both axes and a clear indication of the relevant values.
[1 mark]
Examiners report
Part (a) was correctly answered by most candidates. Some graphs were difficult to mark because candidates drew
their lines on top of the ruled lines in the answer book. Candidates should be advised not to do this. Candidates should
also be aware that the command term ‘sketch’ requires relevant values to be indicated.
[5 marks]
31b.
Markscheme
⎧
⎪
⎪
0 x<0
⎪
⎪ x
0≤x<1
F(x) = ⎨ 2
⎪
⎪
⎪
x 1
+ 1≤x<3
⎩
⎪
4 4
1 x≥3
considering the areas in their sketch or using integration (M1)
F(x) = x
4
+ 14 , 1 ≤ x < 3 A1A1
Note: Accept < for ≤ in all places and also > for ≥ first A1.
[5 marks]
Examiners report
In (b), most candidates realised that the cumulative distribution function had to be found by integration but the limits
were sometimes incorrect.
31c. [3 marks]
Markscheme
Q3 = 2, Q1 = 0.5 A1A1
[3 marks]
Total [9 marks]
Examiners report
In (c), candidates who found the upper and lower quartiles correctly sometimes gave the interquartile range as
[0.5, 2]. It is important for candidates to realise that that the word range has a different meaning in statistics
compared with other branches of mathematics.
[2 marks]
32a.
Markscheme
Award A1 for sine curve from 0 to π, award A1 for straight line from π to 2π A1A1
[2 marks]
Examiners report
Most candidates sketched the graph correctly. In a few cases candidates did not seem familiar with the shape of the
graphs and ignored the fact that the graph represented a pdf. The correct sketch assisted greatly in the rest of the
question.
[2 marks]
32b.
Markscheme
π sin x 1
∫0 4
dx = 2
(M1)A1
[2 marks]
Examiners report
Most candidates answered this question correctly.
[3 marks]
32c.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
2π
require 1 + ∫π a(x − π)dx = 1 (M1)
2
2π 2π
+ a[ ] (or + a [ x2 − πx]
1 (x−π) 2 1 2
⇒ 2 2
=1 2
= 1) A1
π π
2 1
⇒ a π2 = 2
A1
1
⇒a= AG
π2
Note: Must obtain the exact value. Do not accept answers obtained with calculator.
METHOD 2
Note: Award M1 for correct use of area formula = 0.5, A1 for aπ.
1
a= AG
π2
[3 marks]
Examiners report
A few good proofs were seen but also many poor answers where the candidates assumed what you were trying to
prove and verified numerically the result.
32d. [1 mark]
Markscheme
median is π A1
[1 mark]
Examiners report
Most candidates stated the value correctly but many others showed no understanding of the concept.
[3 marks]
32e.
Markscheme
π sin x 2π x−π
μ = ∫0 x ⋅ 4
dx + ∫π x⋅ dx (M1)(A1)
π2
π 5π 13
= 3.40339 … = 3.40 (or 4
+ 6
= 12
π) A1
[3 marks]
Examiners report
Many candidates scored full marks in this question; many others could not apply the formula due to difficulties in
dealing with the piecewise function. For example, a number of candidates divided the final answer by two.
[3 marks]
32f.
Markscheme
For μ = 3.40339 …
EITHER
π sin x 2π
σ 2 = ∫0 x2 ⋅ 4
dx + ∫π x2 ⋅ x−π
dx − μ2 (M1)(A1)
π2
OR
2π
σ 2 = ∫0 (x − μ) 2 ⋅ sin x
(x − μ) 2 ⋅
π x−π
4
dx + ∫π dx (M1)(A1)
π2
THEN
= 3.866277 … = 3.87 A1
[3 marks]
Examiners report
Many misconceptions were identified: use of incorrect formula (e.g. formula for discrete distributions), use of both
expressions as integrand and division of the result by 2 at the end.
[2 marks]
32g.
Markscheme
3π
sin x 1 1
∫ ππ 4
dx + ∫π 2 x−π
dx = 0.375 (or 4
+ 8
= 38 ) (M1)A1
2 π2
[2 marks]
Examiners report
This part was fairly well done with many candidates achieving full marks.
[4 marks]
32h.
Markscheme
P(π≤X≤ 3π
)
3π
P (π ≤ X ≤ 2π ∣∣ π2 ≤ X ≤
2
2
) = (M1)(A1)
P( π2 ≤X≤ 3π
2
)
3π
∫π 2 (x−π) dx 1
= π2
0.375
= 0.125
0.375
(or = 8
3
from diagram areas) (M1)
8
1
= 3
(0.333) A1
[4 marks]
Examiners report
Many candidates had difficulties with this part showing that the concept of conditional probability was poorly
understood. The best candidates did it correctly from the sketch.
33a. [6 marks]
Markscheme
(i) (cos θ + i sin θ)5
= cos5 θ + 5icos4 θ sin θ + 10i2 cos3 θsin2 θ+
10i3 cos2 θsin3 θ + 5i4 cos θsin4 θ + i5 sin5 θ A1A1
[6 marks]
Examiners report
In part (i) many candidates tried to multiply it out the binomials rather than using the binomial theorem. In parts (ii)
and (iii) many candidates showed poor understanding of complex numbers and made no attempt to equate real and
imaginary parts. In a some cases the correct answer to part (iii) was seen although it was unclear how it was obtained.
33b. [4 marks]
Markscheme
(rcisα )5 = 1 ⇒ r5 cis5α = 1cis0 M1
r5 =1⇒r=1 A1
α = 72∘ A1
[4 marks]
Examiners report
This question was poorly done. Very few candidates made a good attempt to apply De Moivre’s theorem and most of
them could not even equate the moduli to obtain r.
33c. [4 marks]
Markscheme
use of sin(5 × 72) = 0 OR the imaginary part of 1 is 0 (M1)
so 16sin4 α − 20sin2 α + 5 = 0 AG
[4 marks]
Examiners report
This question was poorly done. From the few candidates that attempted it, many candidates started by writing down
what they were trying to prove and made no progress.
33d. [5 marks]
Markscheme
20±√400−320
sin2 α = 32
M1A1
−−−−−−
sin α = ±√ 32
20±√80
±√10±2 √5
sin α = 4
A1
Note: Award A1 regardless of signs. Accept equivalent forms with integral denominator, simplification may be seen
later.
√3
as 72 > 60, sin 72 > = 0.866 … we have to take both positive signs (or equivalent argument) R1
2
√10+2 √5
sin 72 = 4
A1
[5 marks]
Examiners report
Very few made a serious attempt to answer this question. Also very few realised that they could use the answers given
in part (c) to attempt this part.
[3 marks]
34a.
Markscheme
[3 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[2 marks]
34b.
Markscheme
x = 9.16 or x = 0.838 A1A1
[2 marks]
Total [5 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
35a. [4 marks]
Markscheme
EITHER
OR
THEN
a = −2, b = ln 5 A1A1
Examiners report
[N/A]
35b. [2 marks]
Markscheme
V = π∫e2e [ln(5x + 10)] 2 dx (M1)
= 99.2 A1
[2 marks]
Total [6 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[4 marks]
36a.
Markscheme
EITHER
1
area of triangle = 2
× 3 × 4 (= 6) A1
OR
4 −−−−−−
∫0 √25 − x2 dx M1A1
THEN
[4 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
36b. [4 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
1 −−−−−−
area of triangle = 2
× 4 × √a2 − 16 A1
θ = arcsin( 4a ) (A1)
1 2
area of sector = = 12 a2 arcsin( 4a ) A1
2
r θ
−−−−−−
therefore total area = 2√a2 − 16 + 1 a2 arcsin( 4 ) = 20 A1
2 a
4 −− −−−−
2 √ 2
rearrange to give: a arcsin( a ) + 4 a − 16 = 40 AG
METHOD 2
4 −−−−−−
∫0 √a2 − x2 dx = 20 M1
dx
use substitution x = a sin θ, dθ
= a cos θ
arcsin( 4a )
∫0 a2 cos2 θdθ = 20
arcsin( 4a )
a2
2
∫0 (cos 2θ + 1)dθ = 20 M1
arcsin( 4a )
a2 [( sin2 2θ + θ)] 0 = 40 A1
arcsin( 4a )
a2 [(sin θ cos θ + θ] 0 = 40
−−−−−−−−−
a2 arcsin( 4a ) + a2 ( 4a ) √(1 − ( 4a ) ) = 40
2
A1
−−−−−−
a2 arcsin( 4a ) + 4√a2 − 16 = 40 AG
[4 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[2 marks]
36c.
Markscheme
solving using GDC ⇒ a = 5.53 cm A2
[2 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
[3 marks]
37a.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
t = 0, s = 3 ⇒ c = 3 (A1)
t = 4 ⇒ s = 11 A1
METHOD 2
s = 11 A1
[3 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
37b. [5 marks]
Markscheme
[5 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
37c. [3 marks]
Markscheme
−9.5 = a + b cos 2π
16.5 = a + b cos 3π (M1)
Note: Only award M1 if two simultaneous equations are formed over the correct domain.
7
a= 2
A1
b = −13 A1
[3 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]
37d. [4 marks]
Markscheme
at t1 :
3 + 92 t2 − t3 = 3 (M1)
t2 ( 92 − t) = 0
9
t1 = 2
A1
[4 marks]
Examiners report
[N/A]