dittrachon COhat 1 be Conclition 7o obseJe

O Define
drttaactr on objecs
do ound
DIffracion 1s 1he behding of Iight The
coale-
o
which ave Conopaoable
O edes
lengtb of light Of The Object
Obses Ue ditfoa cion,siae light
.To
To
cOmpaoable
fo he
Shoald be
Obstace

dits achion in hature

CWberedo Obseo Ve
gou b e sub
aoanq
of lfght obSea Vec)
ings
i ngs
and o1he c eles t i a / bodies
7 h e fky
blue Color Of
abpavent

enesing
a cak oo om
Pght
ano one m oDOchaOpa
polychvooatc
Nanme
ohe

of light
oq
SOurce
trom torch Sun
polgchrOmate
-

Light
Monocho oDatic-kAsER

ASERt
ts 1be fall fo iO of emissio
what stimulaed
Itfica tion by
i q h t Aop
Of aaclia t o r
and
direrence
beloeen (aser light
(5 wite Hoo blstol
Ordin aay light c lb
ight-polg chromatic
0adinarg incohe vent vnae
-dive»gent a t C d 0
ho onochrom
1ight
-

lases
Coherent

bigh ly dinect:onaltis slal

idenitg a 77ansVease a0ave9

6 t l o o do you
medium Oatitla tespeapendica
(a
Parfcles in he ot wave.
1o 1 h e c l m e c h o n o pyopog atn on
a v e l s in -1be form of Coest and 1o Ou cOhat
Orng
ufng
Hoco do cyou iclert?fy a longitudinal coave,
laba

Pastfcles in he meduro paopoqaks pada

t waVe
to The dinectioo of propoq at on
and
aVe ls in 1be foom Of Compression
arefactions
of Tuningg
GtfVe foomul(a 1o find the trequency
Melde S
Tosk n longitucdinal mOde asing Shing
app aatus
n

to find 7he equencq of Tuning

G7iVe toTmu la
Melde 's Shine
foak in 1ransVeose mode ,using
appava tus
m, lineai densitdshring
total m a i s a t the
n ) AAM
,
end Ostring9
length of ope loop
to
9 acele vaion due
gavitg
Melde's shing ecpeoimert, ohich type oF
In
wave t þasting along The shing ?

transVeose ShatiOnaby cOale

cwohat t 1be basic painciple of Neuo ton S iDg
eperiment ?
I n t e 7 f e vence. anis
c o b a t do Jou mean b Intc erene of light
5 The effect obtaioed cwhen 2or mOve
1 Coherent waVves Jupeimpoi e on eacb o
oba E ave fhe e rsential conclirOns o r Obse
in The
tevehce phenome h )
Uf'ng b e lne
labo r aHo ay? c o h e Tenl:
be
le oing
coave Jh Oulcl a ve
Iner in tes feoing
o
c oa
belcoeeh teiing
dPffe aence ve hce
/engtb
path The cohe
be less h a p
shotld
O f t h e S O U C e .
Coshuctive
7o7
Conditi op
T6e general di1Ference

cohat path coave

coave
feoente
in t e o D s o
Ibe
Tbe in
n et er tc aing
r Fc oing
iptey be Fuoeen A
ltiple of
diffeoence

Path
Intcgr al
mu
ap
must
be
cEiVe
for les hocu
tbe qeneaal
con clition
is ditHe o e n c e ?
Chat
in
teamsOf pa 1h O
OaaU
vee
t
te rf
ev he
eaa ip
ngg
n ter Feoehce belweeo
he in
in
Pah
dlferenee

oddmalhple
OfA O
be ap
tnasE

betto oD pra
cohat isTbe velationship
ditFesence7 svo)
clitfeoence nand pa t h (d
diffeenCeC G) 271.path diffesence
*
phase oF colour

tind coavelengh
fosmuu la to
() Gtive lewton ing l
ased in t h it
Of 1iqht
e x p e iment

ohat
ingepeimental
setcup,
1sI Neoton's boadro Ignt
is 7epl a t e d b
The
ha ppens

Ohite light'?
foams a
oitb white Trght,fh
uhen vie wed Tainbow colous
Concend7iC 7ing paHeon O
because 1he diffe xerE Oavelenalhs of I
10tefere at dHfeoent Thic kncises Of th
be toeeb the J u r t a ces
ali lagey
are civcalap in N e a f o n s a ing
4) oby finges
ecpeiment?
i sat l do be symme l71 calong
As
As he lens To be
its aelü Tbe fhickbeSS is said
cobich
cirC umferente
Cons tant a long e
ISOf a oing of a qiven da cli es. tlencr, w
See thathe Newton's ing ave
ctacalai
Coby 1be Cenlbe spot ofU Newton's ing paHeon
ay dark
tbickhers cf
9 f be poi'nt of contcaCt 1he
he frIm and fhe path difev ence ' O
Tbe oplg con fs ibuting pao is Tbe Phase

change
change at he neflecting por tionThe
cliterehce becomes half oE
efective path
Con ta tf+ton fo
TsOave length,cwhich S
Const7uctive band. so Tbe Cen fre S/pot
always dark
c o b i c h type of lens J ased in Nleotoo's zind
ing
experiment
plano - LonVex -lens
Gtive 2 applfca ttons Of NewHon's
sinq ecp.?
deherimination Of Oavelenglb of oono -
Chaomatto lighrts
detevmination OF rebactiue inder of
Tanspeoant guld
 Soctnd
oaves clrfh act cend inteofo eo
Ccun
Yes
ment,what be
solao Cellexpeai Ciocuit
2 I tbe Case of shoal-
0oltCe ge in Tbe case
of Open
Ontpet in
t the Cdren
And o h at
Clocceit

Shoat CIocait
V-OmV
p e n CIoccuit,1=©mA* 1oeoy
Solan cell
Of ata
write a
ses
Cse d
cells uche d
ollecfhon o fs o l a s Sa tet
ll i t e s
l a cuched
c Ofpo
for
wer To
S a

Os
s ooU e
ure o
there
ls
t h e space. whére
places, TOI
ted poWe
Fosola Suppl
solar
cellr 06
pamps."
fer
cw a
Cdrent,
and
hts
l 1ig
car7ent 2
dhee

Solav Cell p r a d c e apP

does cel
2tloO Photovoltaic

The Sola
Cell o converts
be energ9

cleviCe 1hat
by photo-
into elechiciy
elechonic

divecFly
O 1tghE khib
VoTtai effec han oe ea cell tS
6

block of s o l a r
7be basic
building
has excess o f
elecl
d i o c e , (E
Junctron photo tevely
and excessOFpos
abthe n-laye tbe p-laGea:
Neay t h e
boles caé
Chqrged Obe sidee
the
on elechons
P n j u n t ion,the side
info 7be boles Of The othe
move

Thi cedtes
Tbe deple ti on ego N
l a b manual)
 C
O h a t coi happeb to 1be Cur7ent poC
by solav cell, a s in tensitg
of ligheisinCeaN
l ea

CUJent incoe a ses

Sodium
Sodrum
value Of coavelengths Of
1he
28 Oile MercUry reeh
Iine in h e e
line dnd
Getloo
Space2
CA-Ss46 A)
lipe
GoclPuD gellow
()=S460 7 A)
line
mecuy geen
woKIA
p h e n o m e h o n Oh
Which qrat Dg
Name The

Deffsacion.

OF an opttcal Inshu-
Resolving pouo er c1ment?
Def ne Sepaaa e
e imags
imaga
to pooduce Jepaoa
is abilf lg clOseg to
each
I H h a t n e placeq
OF aOkjecs
Otber
for esolving powea2
cviksla
cOhaE
is Ragleigh wben tbe
images
ave fusE desolve d coiih
7Tuoo
Of one coinci de col7
COincide

ditaction max ima miniDa o he otke.

f i s e d i f h a c tion of lghecbile
Hbe
dispesioD
of lghtbite
by
cohat t
meant
a
beam
b o ffliig
eam O ght
OF
oFSPirttog coben passed
phenomenon
colouas
constTtueoE
S
Suuc
ch as a
into its 7 dane
mediuo h a
a
tanspe
hoough

piiDsc C PT DG actior qratiry

plane ansmiSiOD d
(33 what t Teckangalay
Da7Ow
A large number q OF 7be coa ve
ha ving ao i d i h in
7he o
SIPts sicle bgstde
oTanged
Tengtb O ligh- and
Oi tb equal opaque spa te u Callea PTDG
Gtive 1be e pre ssion
f to7 e rolvfng pouoes aod

Ve pooer
of g a
fing ?
dupes N'. fotal no. oF
R bA ines
power
Teiol ving N: No: of lines,
unit len qih
cnN
Ddo
powe n:osde
dispevsive

KED Ovev O n
ot

ave 1he aclvan tcaqes

cohat
ventional liqht sou7(esn

enegy eficlene

hong IrEfioe
of solid mateslal, uoith no

Ruggec Cmade filamen)

M o uOaom upP peslocl
ercellenE Coloy enderipg h

enviTonmental triehdly,
LED?
fall loam of
co
ihg t tt h
ah e
ermittng diode.
heD
ahd
ditevence
be roeeb
dbe
6what are

Case di ode 2 A Lase lio de.

LeD . on
stirnulated emisfion
emissi Y Fait 7esponre
XSpontaneous
Sloo Tesponse
driving c t enE ranges dTIVing curYeph rary
from Sto 4 0 mA
ts om SO 1o 100mA
¥Incoherent coherenT
l o w (os
bigh coJE
6Ohal isaba magnet?
h e Simplestfo m of
Aba magne F
which ecfangu la in bape ahd
magnets
has a magncti Held ai ournd it
ha
b a teis .me
what meaant by magnefic peimea bil ty d
mediu? fo h e
deftnecl a oatiO OE maqnetie
(E helps
in duct On
as to
mea
e a

tIC 0tensity agDetc

ate7ials aes ii eance1O

ffo
o
fhe m
Ohicb
ohich
d e g e
field
h O meas ureO 1he
pepehate h T Oug
h a
mag
"gnefrc fietcl can
marial
10 wha do you m e a h by hume Ca| aPE
"C

OF a n Opfca l ftbre
ofa tibe iS
Is ameasue
a measue

Nameeaical aper ture

O ghE gathesing ca paci ty O fibe
of angle Oues wh Ch
L Ihe measure
r accepkd in the tibes :

ght
oF fibr es2
Lit 1he difle 7ent typesmode tiDerino obi
fibresooo
hep-index Single
GTrade d indez
maltmode
bves
Index
Slep
de cd inde>c
gra
hbre.
ale Thr Ough 0ptical
tlo Iiqbt piopog taker place due fo
POpogaion
OF ight w b e n lighh
7alls

701al in t a n a l
TetleCfion.
gekoehac k ito
cal ibre i t lighf F
end of opti
g h7
o One of a 4
OF
hacted ra
fiben. The re
than Fb1F riis
the st c Sbid
f a c e e p ca eprancaie of
haf i m e an t b4 the 1ncr
1 oF incid ence t
m a x angle
dhe
IE ts
for hich ligk
medium and c0Te
tace o OPtica
e n teoí aPa t a vel alOng b
ag
fibre.o oeic 0Sbdeal

petine Numeaic al aper turse

OF OptC al fib tr
:

Ans OF940 NASn .aCceptan

anglt
sine of aCcep tanc ang le