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Module 2 - Main

The document discusses survey methodology including different types of surveys, sampling strategies, and challenges with surveys. It covers topics like questionnaires, interviews, random sampling, non-probability sampling, response rates, margins of error, and software evaluation rubrics.

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41 views22 pages

Module 2 - Main

The document discusses survey methodology including different types of surveys, sampling strategies, and challenges with surveys. It covers topics like questionnaires, interviews, random sampling, non-probability sampling, response rates, margins of error, and software evaluation rubrics.

Uploaded by

201510116
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IT CAPSTONE PROJECT 1

MODULE 2
Project Evaluation
• To create a software evaluation rubric that serve as
the survey instrument.
• To demonstrate understand of the different software
evaluation methodologies.
• To choose the appropriate sampling strategy to have
relevant results.
• To understand survey sampling method.
• The essence of survey method can be explained as
“questioning individuals on a topic or topics and then
describing their responses”.
• In business studies survey method of primary data collection is
used in order to test concepts, reflect attitude of people,
establish the level of customer satisfaction, conduct
segmentation research and a set of other purposes.
• Survey method can be used in both, quantitative, as well
as, qualitative studies.
• Surveys can be conducted faster and cheaper
compared to other methods of primary data
collection such as observation and experiments.
• Primary data gathered through surveys are
relatively easy to analyse
• In some cases, unwillingness or inability of
respondents to provide information
• Human bias of respondents, i.e. respondents providing
inaccurate information
• Differences in understanding: it is difficult to formulate
questions in such a way that it will mean exactly same
thing to each respondent
• Survey according to instrumentation
• The types of surveys according to instrumentation
include the questionnaire and the interview.
• Survey according to the span of time
involved
• the types of surveys according to the span of time used
to conduct the survey are comprised of cross-sectional
surveys and longitudinal surveys.
• Questionnaires
• a questionnaire is a paper-and-pencil instrument that is
administered to the respondents. The usual questions found in
questionnaires are closed-ended questions, which are followed
by response options.
• Advantages: Ideal for asking closed-ended questions; effective for market
or consumer research
• Disadvantages: Limit the researcher’s understanding of the respondent’s
answers; requires budget for reproduction of survey questionnaires
• Interviews
• are more personal and probing.
• An interview includes two persons - the researcher as the interviewer, and
the respondent as the interviewee.
• survey methods that utilize interviews.
• personal or face-to-face interview,
• the phone interview,
• the online interview
• Advantages: Follow-up questions can be asked; provide better
understanding of the answers of the respondents
• Disadvantages: Time-consuming; many target respondents have no
public-listed phone numbers or no telephones at all
• is the process of selecting units (e.g., people,
organizations) from a population of interest.
• is a statistical procedure that is concerned with
the selection of the individual observation; it
helps us to make statistical inferences about the
population.
• Random Sampling and Non-random
Sampling
• Probability and non-probability
sampling
• In data collection, every individual observation has equal
probability to be selected into a sample. In random
sampling, there should be no pattern when drawing a
sample.
• Significance: Significance is the percent of chance that a relationship may
be found in sample data due to luck. Researchers often use the 0.05%
significance level.
• Simple random sampling
• By using the random number generator technique, the researcher draws a
sample from the population
• Equal probability systematic sampling
• a researcher starts from a random point and selects every nth subject in
the sampling frame.
• Stratified simple random sampling
• a proportion from strata of the population is selected using simple
random sampling.
• Multistage stratified random sampling
• a proportion of strata is selected from a homogeneous group using simple
random sampling.
• Cluster sampling
• occurs when a random sample is drawn from certain aggregational
geographical groups.
• Multistage cluster sampling
• occurs when a researcher draws a random sample from the smaller unit of
an aggregational group.
• Availability sampling
• occurs when the researcher selects the sample based on the availability of
a sample.
• Quota sampling
• This method is similar to the availability sampling method, but with the
constraint that the sample is drawn proportionally by strata.
• Expert sampling
• This method is also known as judgment sampling. In this method, a
researcher collects the samples by taking interviews from a panel of
individuals known to be experts in a field.
• Probability sampling is the sampling technique in which
every individual unit of the population has greater than
zero probability of getting selected into a sample.

• Non-probability sampling is the sampling technique in


which some elements of the population have no probability
of getting selected into a sample.
• is the number of completed responses your survey
receives. It’s called a sample because it only represents
part of the group of people (or target population) whose
opinions or behavior you care about.
• Population size
• The total number of people in the group you are trying to study.
• Margin of error
• A percentage that tells you how much you can expect your
survey results to reflect the views of the overall population.
• Sampling confidence level
• A percentage that reveals how confident you can be that the
population would select an answer within a certain range.
• is a checklist for requirements, which help maintain a
Software Quality Standard. It compromises of :
• Functional (features, capabilities, security)
• Usability (human factors, help, documentation)
• Reliability (frequency of failure, recoverability, predictability)
• Performance (response time, throughput, accuracy, availability,
resource usage)
• Supportability (adaptability, maintainability, internationalization,
configurability)
• Project Management Institute. (2017). A Guide to the Project
Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide).
• Harold Kerzner. (2017). Project Management Metrics, KPIs, and
Dashboards: A Guide to Measuring and Monitoring Project
Performance 3rd Edition.
• Thomas Keane. (2017). Project Management: Proven Principles in
Agile Project Management for Successful Managers and Businesses
(Project Management 101).
• Badiru, A.B, Rusnock, C. F, Valencia, E.V. (2016). Project
Management for Research: A Guide for Graduate Students.

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