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Homework 4

1. The document contains homework problems from a linear algebra class involving properties of determinants, matrix factorization, and solving systems of equations. 2. One problem asks to prove an identity relating the determinants of two matrices where one is obtained by interchanging two rows of the other. The student's friend provides an incorrect "proof" using invalid matrix operations. 3. Another problem asks to compute the determinant of a specific tridiagonal matrix and expresses the result in terms of trigonometric functions of x.

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53 views4 pages

Homework 4

1. The document contains homework problems from a linear algebra class involving properties of determinants, matrix factorization, and solving systems of equations. 2. One problem asks to prove an identity relating the determinants of two matrices where one is obtained by interchanging two rows of the other. The student's friend provides an incorrect "proof" using invalid matrix operations. 3. Another problem asks to compute the determinant of a specific tridiagonal matrix and expresses the result in terms of trigonometric functions of x.

Uploaded by

tanay.s1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAT 248: Applied Linear Algebra (Homework:4) 24 August 2023

1. A and B are two square matrices such that A + B is invertible. Prove that
A(A + B)−1 B = B(A + B)−1 A

2. (An alternative definition for determinant)

(a) Let Sn denotes the set of all bijective functions

f : {1, 2, 3, ..., n} → {1, 2, 3, ..., n}

Find the cardinality of Sn .


(b) For each bijective function f ∈ Sn we define a quantity

sign(f ) ∈ {+1, −1}

as follows: For any f we draw its string diagram by joining i with


f (i), ∀1 ≤ i ≤ n by an arc. String diagram has no triple point (i.e. no
three arcs have a common point) and a tangency point (i.e. two arcs are
not tangent to each other). For example if n = 4 and f (1) = 4, f (2) =
3, f (3) = 2 and f (4) = 1 we get the following string diagram:

However, the following diagram:

1
is not a string diagram as it has a triple point.
We define sign(f ) = 1 if the string diagram has even number of points
and sign(f ) = −1 if the string diagram has odd number of points. For
our test function f , sign(f ) = 1 as there are 6 points (marked in red).
Give an intuitive argument of why this is well defined.
(c) Let A = (aij )1≤i,j≤4 be an abstract 4 × 4 matrix. Write down a closed
formula for determinant by expanding along first row and third column.
Show that both the expansions match.
(d) For n = 4 we construct the following sum
X
sign(f ) a1f (1) a2f (2) a3f (3) a4f (4)
f ∈S4

Show that it matches with the determinant formula in (c).


(e) Do you think it should hold for any n in general?
3. Work with your group to generate a code that takes a n × n matrix A from
the user as its input and produces a factorization of A into elementary ma-
trices if A is invertible. Otherwise it produces an error message when A is
not invertible.

4. Let a1 , a2 , a3 , b1 , b2 , b3 ∈ R are six real numbers. Compute the determinant


of the following matrix:
 
cos(a1 − b1 ) cos(a1 − b2 ) cos(a1 − b3 )
cos(a2 − b1 ) cos(a2 − b2 ) cos(a2 − b3 )
cos(a3 − b1 ) cos(a3 − b2 ) cos(a3 − b3 )

2
5. If the entries in every row of a square matrix A add to zero, solve Ax = 0 to
prove that detA = 0. If those entries add to one, show that det(A − I) = 0.
Does this mean that detA = 1?
6. Let An be an n × n matrix for n ∈ N. If
 
a b 0 0 0 ··· 0
c a b
 0 0 ··· 0 
An =  0 c a
 b 0 ··· 0 ,
 .. .. .. .. .. .. 
. . . . . ··· .
0 0 0 0 0 ··· a

then find the recurrence relation for the detAn ? Also if a = 5 and b = c = 2,
then find detAn interms of n.
7. Determine whether or not the given set is a subspace of the indicated vector
space.
(a) All polynomials in P2 that are divisible by (x − 2).
 
n x o
3 2 2 2
(b)  y ∈R :1≤x +y +z ≤4 .

z
Ra
(c) {f ∈ C 0 [a, b] : b f (x)dx = 0}. Remember that C 0 [a, b] is the vector
space of continuous, real-valued functions defined on the closed interval
[a, b] with a < b.
8. Let A and B be n × n− matrices. Your good friend Fred R. Dimm believes
A B
that det = det(A + B)det(A − B). He offers the following argument
B A
to support this claim:
 
A B
det = det(A2 − B 2 ) = det[(A + B)(A − B)] = det(A + B)det(A − B).
B A

(a) Comment (helpfully) on his “proof”. In particular, explain carefully


why each of the three steps in his “proof” is correct or incorrect.(That
is, provide a proof or a counter example to each step.)
(b) Is the result he is trying to prove actually true?

3
9. Let x be a fixed real number which is not an integer multiple of π. For each
natural number n let An = [ajk ] be the n × n-matrix defined by

ajk = 0 if |j − k| > 1,
= 1 if |j − k| = 1,
= 2 cos x if |j − k| = 0.
sin(n+1)x
Show that detAn = sinx .

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