EXPERIMENT 10

TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER

Aim: Write an assembly language program to implement mechanism of traffic light controller.
Program:
ORG 00H
START:MOV P0,#0C0H
MOV P1,#0CH
MOV P2,#03H
MOV P3,#30H
ACALL DELAY
MOV P0,#0CH
MOV P1,#0C0H
MOV P2,#30H
MOV P3,#03H
ACALL DELAY
MOV P0,#30H
MOV P1,#03H
MOV P2,#0C0H
MOV P3,#0CH
ACALL DELAY
MOV P0,#0CH
MOV P1,#03H
MOV P2,#30H
MOV P3,#0C0H
ACALL DELAY
LJMP START
DELAY:
MOV TMOD,#01H
MOV R0,#0EH
L2:MOV TH0,#00H
MOV TL0,#00H
SETB TR0
L1:JNB TF0,L1
CLR TF0
CLR TR0
DJNZ R0,L2
RET
END
Output:
Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 1
Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 2
Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 3
Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 4
1
 Theory:

Road1 Road2 Road3 Road4

GreenRedOrangeIdle GreenRedOrangeIdle GreenRedOrangeIdle GreenRedOrangeIdle
P1 11000000= #0C0H P1 00110000= #0CH P1 00110000= #30H P1 00001100= #0CH
P2 00001100=#0CH P2 11000000=#0C0H P2 00110000=#30H P2 00110000=#30H
P3 00110000=#30H P3 00001100=#0CH P3 11000000=#0C0H P3 00110000=#30H
P4 00110000=#30H P4 00110000=#30H P4 00001100=#0CH P4 11000000=#0C0H

2
 EXPERIMENT 9
PROGRAMS ON SEVEN SEGMENT INTERFACING
Aim:
a). Write an assembly language program to interface the single Seven Segment Display module to
port 2 and display the information.

b). Write an assembly language program to interface the four Seven Segment Display module to
port 2 and display the information.

Program:
a).
ORG 4000H
DB 3FH, 06H, 5BH, 4FH, 66H, 6DH, 7DH, 07H, 7FH, 6FH, 0
; Lookup table for digits 0 to 9

ORG 0000H
MAIN: MOV DPTR, #4000H
REPEAT: CLR A
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
MOV P2, A
ACALL DELAY
INC DPTR
CJNE A, 0, REPEAT
SJMP MAIN

DELAY:
MOV R0, #08H
LP2: MOV R1, #0FFH
LP1: MOV R2, #0FFH
LP3: DJNZ R2, LP3
DJNZ R1, LP1
DJNZ R0, LP2
RET
END

Output:
Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 2

3
b).

ORG 4000H
DB 06H, 5BH, 4FH, 66H

ORG 0000H
MAIN: MOV DPTR, #4000H
MOV P3, #00H ; CLEAR THE PORT 3 TO USE IT AS OUTPUT PORT
CLR P3.3 ; MODE 1
CLR P3.4 ; 00
CLR A
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
CPL A
MOV P2, A ; P2 = 00000110B = PATTERN OF DIGIT ‘1’
ACALL DELAY
INC DPTR

SETB P3.3 ; MODE 2

CLR P3.4 ; 01
CLR A
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
CPL A
MOV P2, A ; P2 = 01011011B = PATTERN OF DIGIT ‘2’
ACALL DELAY
INC DPTR

CLR P3.3 ; MODE 3

SETB P3.4 ; 10
CLR A
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
CPL A
MOV P2, A ; P2 = 01001111B = PATTERN OF DIGIT ‘3’
ACALL DELAY
INC DPTR

SETB P3.3 ; MODE 4

SETB P3.3 ; 11
CLR A
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
CPL A
MOV P2, A ; P2 = 01100110B = PATTERN OF DIGIT ‘4’
ACALL DELAY

4
 SJMP MAIN ; RUN THIS PROGRAM FOREVER

; TO GENERATE A VERY SMALL DELAY SO THAT WE WON’T BE ABLE

; TO NOTICE THE TRANSITION FROM ONE MODULE TO ANOTHER

DELAY:
MOV R0, #01H
LP2: MOV R1, #010H
LP1: MOV R2, #010H
LP3: DJNZ R2, LP3
DJNZ R1, LP1
DJNZ R0, LP2
RET
END

Output:
Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 2

Theory

https://technobyte.org/seven-segment-8051-interfacing-tutorial-quad-single-
module/

5
 EXPERIMENT 8
PROGRAMS ON DAC INTERFACING
Aim: Write an assembly language program to generate Square, Sawtooth and
triangular waveform by interface Digital to Analog Converter to the microcontroller
board in external memory location 0FFC8H.
Program:
SQUARE WAVEFORM GENERATION

ORG 00H
START:MOV DPTR,#0FFC8H
MOV A,#00H
MOVX @DPTR,A
MOV P2,A
LCALL DELAY
MOV A,#0FFH
MOVX @DPTR,A
MOV P2,A
LCALL DELAY
LJMP START
DELAY:MOV R1,#05
LOOP:MOV R2,#0FFH
HERE:DJNZ R2,HERE
DJNZ R1,LOOP
RET
END

SAWTOOTH WAVEFORM GENERATION

ORG 00H
MOV DPTR,#0FFC8H
MOV A,#00H
LOOP:MOVX @DPTR,A
MOV P2,A
INC A
SJMP LOOP
END

6
TRIANGULAR WAVEFORM GENERATION

ORG 00H
MOV DPTR,#0FFC8H
START:MOV A,#00H
LOOP1:MOVX @DPTR,A
MOV P2,A
INC A
JNZ LOOP1
MOV A,#0FFH
LOOP2:MOVX @DPTR,A
MOV P2,A
DEC A
JNZ LOOP2
LJMP START
END

Out-Put
View -> Memory Window-> X:0FFC8H

7
For Waveform Generation:

Step 1: View-> Analysis windows -> Logic Analyzer

Step 2: Logic Analyzer -> Setup -> Setup Logic Analyzer
Step 3: Insert the Signal P2 and Display Type ->Analog –>Close

8
 EXPERIMENT 7
PROGRAMS ON LCD DISPLAY INTERFACING
Aim: Write an assembly language program to interface the LCD to port 1 and
display the information.
Program:
ORG 00H
MOV DPTR,#MYCOM
C1:CLR A
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
ACALL COMNWRT
ACALL DELAY
JZ SEND_DAT
INC DPTR
SJMP C1

SEND_DAT: MOV DPTR,#MYDATA

D1:CLR A
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
ACALL DATAWRT
ACALL DELAY
INC DPTR
JZ AGAIN
SJMP D1
AGAIN:SJMP AGAIN

COMNWRT:MOV P1,A
CLR P2.0
CLR P2.1
SETB P2.2
ACALL DELAY
CLR P2.2
RET

DATAWRT:MOV P1,A
SETB P2.0
CLR P2.1
SETB P2.2
ACALL DELAY
CLR P2.2
RET

9
DELAY:MOV R3,#250
HERE2:MOV R4,#255
HERE:DJNZ R4,HERE
DJNZ R3,HERE2
RET

ORG 300H
MYCOM:DB 38H,0EH,01,06,84H,0
ORG 310H
MYDATA:DB 'HELLOW',0
END
OutPut:

Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 1

Theory:

R/W Read and Write the Data

10
11
 EXPERIMENT 6
PROGRAMS ON STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACING

Aim: Write an assembly language program to interface stepper motor in external

memory location 0FFC8H and rotate the steeper motor in clockwise and anti-clock
wise direction.
Program:

ORG 00H
MOV DPTR,#0FFC8H

L1:MOV A,#05H
MOVX @DPTR,A
ACALL DELAY

MOV A,#06H
MOVX @DPTR,A
ACALL DELAY

MOV A,#0AH
MOVX @DPTR,A
ACALL DELAY

MOV A,#09H
MOVX @DPTR,A
ACALL DELAY

SJMP L1

DELAY:MOV R1,#14
MOV TMOD,#01H

12
L2:MOV TL0,#00H
MOV TH0,#00H
SETB TR0
SAME:JNB TF0 ,SAME
CLR TR0
CLR TF0
DJNZ R1,L2
RET
END

OutPut:

View -> Memory Window-> X:0FFC8H

13
 EXPERIMENT 5
PROGRAMS ON INTERRUPT MECHANISM
Aim: Write a program for interrupts mechanism to transmit the data serially with a
baud rate of 9600 and simultaneously complement the data with one second time
delay using timers in external memory location 0FFC0H.

Program:
ORG 00H
SJMP MAIN
ORG 00BH
SJMP TOISR
ORG 0023H
SJMP SISR

MAIN:MOV IE,#92H
MOV TH1,#-3
MOV TMOD,#21H
MOV SCON,#40H

MOV TH0,#00H
MOV TL0,#00H
MOV R0,#14

SETB TR1
MOV SBUF,#20H
MOV DPTR,#0FFC0H
MOV A,#0FFH
MOVX @DPTR,A
SETB TR0
MOV DPTR,#MYDATA
SETB TR1
MOV SBUF,#20H
HERE:SJMP HERE

TOISR:CLR TR0
PUSH DPH
PUSH DPL

14
DJNZ R0,REPEAT
MOV TH0,#00H
MOV TL0,#00H
CPL A
MOV DPTR,#0FFC0H
MOVX @DPTR,A
MOV R0,#14
SETB TR0
POP DPL
POP DPH
RETI

REPEAT:CLR TR0
MOV TL0,#00H
MOV TH0,#00H
SETB TR0
POP DPL
POP DPH
RETI

SISR:PUSH 0E0H
CLR TI
CLR A
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
JZ REPEAT1
MOV SBUF,A
INC DPTR
POP 0E0H
RETI

REPEAT1:MOV DPTR,#MYDATA
POP 0E0H
MOV SBUF,#20H
RETI

MYDATA:DB "VRSEC",0
END

15
 OutPut:
View -> Serial Window-> UART #1

View -> Memory Window-> X:0FFC0H

THEROY

16
17
18
 EXPERIMENT 4
PROGRAMS ON SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS

Aim: Write a program for serial transmission and serial reception with an baud rate of
9600bps.

PROGRAM

ORG 00H
MOV P2,#0FFH
MOV TMOD,#20H
MOV TH1,#-3
MOV SCON,#50H

SETB TR1
MOV DPTR,#MYDATA
H1:CLR A
MOVC A,@A+DPTR
JZ RECV
ACALL SEND
INC DPTR
SJMP H1

SEND:MOV SBUF,A
H2:JNB TI,H2
CLR TI
RET

RECV:
H3:JNB RI,H3
CLR RI
MOV A,SBUF
MOV P2,A
SJMP RECV

MYDATA: db "WELCOME TO VRSEC",0

END

19
Output:
(Serial Transmission)
View->Serial Windows->#UART 1

(Serial Reception)

Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 2

Note: For Reception Enter Single Character in Serial Window, the corresponding ASCII Values
is display in Port 2.

20
THEORY

21
22
 EXPERIMENT 3
PROGRAMS ON COUNTER OPERATION

Aim:
a). Write an Assembly language program in 8051 micro controllers for Counter 0 in Mode 2 to
count the number of pulses and display the count value on port P2 and external memory location
0FFC1H.

b). Write an Assembly language program in 8051 micro controllers for Counter 1 in Mode 2 to
count the number of cycles in square waveform with an frequency of 2KHz and display the count
value on port P2 and external memory location 0FFC1H.

a)

ORG 00H
MOV TMOD,#06H ;Make Counter 0 in Mode 2
MOV DPTR,#0FFC1H
MOV TH0,#00H
SETB P3.4 ;Make 14 Pin as Input Pin for Counter 0 (i.e T0)
AGAIN:SETB TR0
BACK:MOV A,TL0
MOVX @DPTR,A
MOV P2,A
JNB TF0,BACK
CLR TR0
CLR TF0
SJMP AGAIN
END

Output:

Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 3 ; ON and OFF the P3.4 as Input Pulse Signal

23
Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 2

View->Memory Windows->Memory 1
Address: X:0FFC1H

24
b) Calculations

 T = 1 / f = 1 / 2 kHz = 500 us is the period of square wave

 1 / 2 of it for the high and low portion of the square is 250 us
 Required delay= number of clocks x single clock period
250 us=number of clocks x 1.085us
Number of clocks=230
 Timer 1 Mode 1 is 16 bit timer, Maximum clocks 65536
65536 – 230 = 65306 which in hex is FF1AH.
TL1 = 1AH and TH1 = FFH

PROGRAM

ORG 00H
MOV TMOD,#61H ; Make Timer 0 Mode 1, and Counter 1 Mode 2
SETB P3.5 ; Make 15 Pin as Input Pin for Counter 1 (i.e T1)
MOV DPTR, #0FFC1H

MOV TH1,#00H
AGAIN:SETB TR1
L2:ACALL DELAY
CPL P3.5
MOV A,TL1
MOVX @DPTR,A
MOV P2,A
JNB TF1,L2
CLR TR1
CLR TF1
SJMP AGAIN

DELAY:MOV TL0,#1AH
MOV TH0,#0FFH
SETB TR0
HERE:JNB TF0,HERE
CLR TF0
CLR TR0

RET

25
END
Output:
Right Click on Target -> Options for Target->Target->Set Xtal 11.0592

Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 3 ; ON and OFF the P3.5 as Input Pulse Signal

Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 2

View->Memory Windows->Memory 1
Address: X:0FFC1H

26
For Square Waveform:

Step 1: View-> Analysis windows -> Logic Analyzer

Step 2: Logic Analyzer -> Setup -> Setup Logic Analyzer
Step 3: Insert the Signal P3.5 and Display Type ->Bit –>Close

Step 5: Calculate the Square waveform frequency

27
COUNTERS THEORY

28
 EXPERIMENT 2
PROGRAMS ON TIMER OPERATION.

Aim:
a). Write an Assembly language program for 8051 micro controller to complement the data in
port-2 and external memory location 0FFC0H with time delay of 1 sec using timer 0 in mode 1 for
crystal frequency of 11.0592MHz .

b). Write an Assembly language program for 8051 micro controller to complement the data in port-
2 and external memory location 0FFC0H with time delay of 2 sec using timer 1 in mode 2 for
crystal frequency of 11.0592MHz .

a) Calculations (TIMER 0 MODE 1, 1SEC TIME DEALY)

 Since XTAL = 11.0592 MHz,

 12 Machine Cycles = 1 Clock Cycle
 Single clock period = 11.0592MHz/12=921.6Khz
=1/921.6=1.085us
 Required delay= number of clocks x single clock period
1sec=number of clocks x 1.085us
Number of clocks=9,21,658
 Mode 1 is 16 bit timer , Maximum clocks 65536
 Maximum time delay from 0000H state to FFFFh state is
=65536 x 1.085us=71.1ms
 1 sec =loop count x 71.1ms
Loop count =14.06=0Eh
 Therefore, we have Initial values in TH = #00h and TL = #00h, TMOD=#01h

29
a) TIMER 0 MODE 1, 1SEC TIME DEALY PROGRAM

ORG 00H
MOV TMOD,#01H
MOV A,#55H
MOV DPTR, #0FFC0H
L2:ACALL DELAY
MOVX @DPTR,A
MOV P2,A
CPL A
SJMP L2
DELAY:MOV R0,#0EH
L1:MOV TL0,#00H
MOV TH0,#00H
SETB TR0
HERE:JNB TF0,HERE
CLR TF0
CLR TR0
DJNZ R0,L1
RET
END

Output:
View->Memory Windows->Memory 1
Address: X:0FFC0H

Peripherals->I/O ports -> Port 2

30
 b) Calculations (TIMER 1 MODE 2, 2 SEC TIME DEALY)

 Since XTAL = 11.0592 MHz,

 12 Machine Cycles = 1 Clock Cycle
 Single clock period = 11.0592MHz/12=921.6Khz
=1/921.6KHz=1.085us
 Required delay= number of clocks x single clock period
2sec=number of clocks x 1.085us
Number of clocks=18,43,317
 Mode 2 is 8 bit timer , Maximum clocks 256
 Maximum time delay from 00H state to FFh state is
=256 x 1.085us=277.76us
 2 sec =loop count x 277.76us
Loop count =7200=1C20H
 Therefore, we have Initial values in TH = #00h, TMOD=#20h

b) TIMER 1 MODE 2, 2SEC TIME DELAY PROGRAM

ORG 00H
MOV TMOD,#20H
MOV A,#55H
MOV DPTR,#0FFC0H
LOOP:ACALL DELAY
CPL A
MOVX @DPTR,A
MOV P2,A
SJMP LOOP
DELAY: MOV R1,#1CH
BACK2:MOV R2,#20H
BACK1:MOV TH1,#00H

31
SETB TR1
HERE :JNB TF1,HERE
CLR TF1
CLR TR1
DJNZ R2,BACK1
DJNZ R1,BACK2
RET
END

TIMERS THEORY

32
33
34
EXPERIMENT 1(A)

35
Aim: Write a following assembly language programs (ALP) using athematic instructions in 8051
Micro Controller.
a). Basic Athematic Operations
b) Factorial of a Number
c) Average of First 10 Numbers
d) Fibonacci Series

a). ARTHEMATIC INSTRUCTIONS

ORG 00H
MOV A,#05H
MOV B,#02H
ADD A,B
MOV 40H,A

MOV A,#25H
SUBB A,B
MOV 41H,A

MOV A,#25H
MUL AB 4*4=16 LSB=A MSB=B
MOV 42H,A
MOV 43H,B

MOV A,#25H
MOV B,#12H
DIV AB
MOV 44H,A
MOV 45H,B

MOV A,#25H
INC A
MOV 46H,A
DEC A
MOV 47H,A

END

Output:

36
View->Memory Windows->Memory 1
Address: D:40h (PRESS ENTER KEY)

b). FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER

ORG 00H
MOV A,#03H
MOV R0,#02H
BACK:MOV B,R0
MUL AB
DJNZ R0,BACK
MOV 40H,A
MOV 41H,B
END
Output:
View->Memory Windows->Memory 1
Address: D:40h

c). AVEARGE OF FIRST 10 NUMBERS

37
ORG 00H
MOV R0,#0AH
MOV B,R0
MOV A,#00H
BACK:ADD A,R0
DJNZ R0,BACK
DIV AB
MOV 50H,A
MOV 51H,B
END

Output:
View->Memory Windows->Memory 1
Address: D:40h

d). FIBONACCI SERIES

38
 ORG 00H
MOV R0,#40H
MOV R1,#08H
LOOP:MOV B,@R0
INC R0
MOV A,@R0
ADD A,B
INC R0
MOV @R0,A
DEC R0
DJNZ R1,LOOP
END

Output:

View->Memory Windows->Memory 1
Address: D:40h

Note: To generate Fibonacci series minimum two number are required, so the memory locations
40h and 41h are filled with 00 and 01 before run the program.

After enter the values in 40h and 41h then run the program. The required output is

39
40
 EXPERIMENT 1(B)

Aim: Write a following assembly language programs (ALP) using logical instructions in 8051
Micro Controller.
a). Basic logical Operations
b) Packed BCD to ASCII Conversion
c) ASCII to Packed BCD Conversion
d) Counting the number of ones in Hexadecimal Number

a). Basic logical Operations

MOV R0,#67H
ANL A,R0
MOV 20H,A
MOV A,#45H
ORL A,R0
MOV 21H,A
MOV A,#04H
MOV A,#45H
XRL A,R0
MOV 22H,A
MOV A,#16H
CPL A
MOV 23H,A
SWAP A
MOV 24H,A
MOV A,#04H
RR A
MOV 25H,A
RL A
MOV 26H,A
END
Output:
View->Memory Windows->Memory 1
Address: D:20h

41
 b) Packed BCD to ASCII Conversion

ORG 00H
MOV R0,#40H
MOV A,@R0
ANL A,#0F0H
SWAP A
ADD A,#30H
MOV 41H,A
MOV A,@R0
ANL A,#0FH
ADD A,#30H
MOV 42H,A
END

Output:
View->Memory Windows->Memory 1
Address: D:40h

42
 c) ASCII to Packed BCD Conversion

ORG 00H
MOV R0,#40H
MOV A,@R0
ANL A,#0FH
SWAP A
MOV R1,A
INC R0
MOV A,@R0
ANL A,#0FH
ADD A,R1
INC R0
MOV @R0,A
END

Output:
View->Memory Windows->Memory 1
Address: D:40h

43
d) Counting the number of ones of a Hexadecimal Number
ORG 00H
MOV R0,#08H
MOV R1,#00H
MOV A,#79H
L1:CLR C
RLC A
JNC L2
INC R1
L2:DJNZ R0,L1
MOV 40H,R1
END

Output:
View->Memory Windows->Memory 1
Address: D:40h

44
 Lab Observation/Record Format
 Based on LST File, it is present in Experiment folder

Observation Format
Address Opcode Label Mnemonics Operands
ORG 00H
MOV A,#25H
MOV B,#12H
ADD A,B
MOV 40H,A
MOV A,#25H
SUBB A,B
MOV 41H,A
MOV A,#25H
MUL AB
MOV 42H,A
MOV 43H,B
MOV A,#25H
MOV B,#12H
DIV AB
MOV 44H,A
MOV 45H,B
MOV A,#25H
INC A
MOV 46H,A
DEC A
MOV 47H,A
END

FACTORIAL OF A NUMBER
Observation Format
Address Opcode Label Mnemonics Operands
ORG 00H
MOV A,#03H
MOV R0,#02H
BACK: MOV B,R0
MUL AB
DJNZ R0,BACK
MOV 40H,A
MOV 41H,B
END
45
Note: 1 ) Above Table (Program) written in Right Side of the Observation
2). Outputs are written in the left side of the Observation.
3). Address, Opcodes (.LST File) and Outputs are generated by the compiler after
successful execution of the program.
4). In record one more “comments” column is added to the table
Record Format
Address Opcode Label Mnemonics Operands Comments
0000 ORG 00H Starting Memory
Location
0000 7645 MOV A,#05h # 05 Immediate
value Moved to
Accumulator A
i.e #05H -> A
0002 56A9 MOV B,#09h #09 Immediate
value Moved to
register B
i.e #09H -> B
0004 34232A ADD A,B Addition is
performed the result
is stored into
accumulator register
A
Loop Loop execution
DJNZ R0,Loop Conditional
Instruction
1.Value of R0
decremented
(R0=R0-1)
2. R0 value is not
Zero
3.Compiler Jump to
Loop Label
Location
4. otherwise it is
zero
5.Execute the next
instruction , i.e
END

46
Procedure to create a project in Keil uVision-5:

1. Turn on the computer, create a folder on D drive saved with Register Number.
2. Open Keil uVision 5 in desktop, or windows start menu -> all programs->open Keil
uVision 5
Creating Project :
3. Go to project ->click on new uVision project -> create a new folder saved with experiment
number within the already existed register number folder in D drive mentioned in step 1, -
> enter the project name -> click on save
4. Select the device for target -> In devices ->Enter P89C51RD2XX in Search toolbar -> click
on ok -> select No for dialog box message “Copy STARTUP.A51 to project folder and add
files to project”. (Project bar is created in the left side of workspace consisting of Target 1
within that Source Group 1 present).
(or)
Choose NXP -> to select the device P89C51RD2XX -> click on ok -> select No for Copy
STARTUP.A51 to project folder.
Creating Coding File:
5. Go to file -> click on new->go to save (choose the path to save the file, It is saved within
the name of experiment number folder mentioned in step 3)-> enter a file name with
extension .asm->save the file.
Linking the Coding File to Project :
6. Right-click on Source group1 in project bar-> Add existing files to source group1-> choose
the experiment number folder path and select all files in the folder -> select .asm code file
->click on add-> click on close (i.e Code file is added in source group1 with indication of
“+” symbol in source group 1)
7. Write the assembly language program in .asm code file and save it.
Executing the Code File:
8. Right-click on .asm code file->Click on Build target to check the errors (i.e 0-Errors,0-
Warning)
9. Go to debug->Click on Start/Stop Debug Session -> click on ok for dialog box message
“running code size limit 2K” -> and Click on RUN in debug label
10. Observe the output in Register windows, Memory windows, Serial window (i.e. select the
output windows in view label).

47