Chapter 2: Periodic Properties of the Elements Lecturer: Dr.

Nguyen Minh Kha

CHAPTER 2: PERIODIC PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS

2.1. Elements in the modern version of the compound with the formula Na 3 X . Ca will react
periodic table are arranged in order of increasing with X to form _______.
__________. A) CaX 2
A) oxidation number
B) atomic mass B) CaX
C) atomic number C) Ca 2 X3
D) number of isotopes D) Ca 3 X 2
2.2. In which orbital does an electron in a 2.9. The element(s) __________ could be used
phosphorus atom experience the greatest to produce a red or crimson color in fireworks.
shielding? A) Mg or Ba
A) 2p B) Sr
B) 3s C) Ca, Sr, or Li
C) 3p D) Ba
D) 3s 2.10. The most common and stable allotrope of
2.3. The first ionization energies of the sulfur is __________.
elements __________ as you go from left to right A) S
across a period of the periodic table, and B) S2
__________ as you go from the bottom to the top
of a group in the table. C) S4
A) increase, increase D) S8
B) increase, decrease 2.11. The most common sulfur ion has a charge
C) decrease, increase of __________.
D) decrease, decrease A) 2-
2.4. The __________ have the most negative B) 1-
electron affinities. C) 4+
A) alkaline earth metals D) 6+
B) alkali metals 2.12. The element phosphorus exists in two
C) halogens forms in nature called white phosphorus and red
D) transition metals phosphorus. These two forms are examples of
2.5. In general, as you go across a period in the __________.
periodic table from left to right: A) isotopes
(1) the atomic radius __________; B) allotropes
(2) the electron affinity becomes __________ C) oxidation
negative; and D) metalloids
(3) the first ionization energy __________. 2.13. Which periodic table group contains only
A) decreases, decreasingly, increases nonmetals?
B) increases, increasingly, decreases A) 8A
C) increases, increasingly, increases B) 2A
D) decreases, increasingly, increases C) 6A
2.6. Metals can be __________ at room D) 7A
temperature. 2.14. Of the hydrogen halides, only __________
A) liquid only is a weak acid.
B) solid only A) HCl (aq)
C) solid or liquid B) HBr (aq)
D) solid, liquid, or gas C) HF (aq)
2.7. Most of the elements on the periodic table D) HI (aq)
are __________. 2.15. All the elements in group 8A are gases at
A) gases room temperature. Of all the groups in the
B) nonmetals periodic table, only group __________ contains
C) metalloids examples of elements that are gas, liquid, and solid
D) metals at room temperature.
2.8. Na reacts with element X to form an ionic A) 2A
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Chapter 2: Periodic Properties of the Elements Lecturer: Dr. Nguyen Minh Kha

B) 7A electrons in atoms is __________.

C) 5A A) less efficient than that by valence electrons
D) 6A B) more efficient than that by valence electrons
2.16. Of the halogens, which are gases at room C) essentially identical to that by valence
temperature and atmospheric pressure? electrons
A) fluorine, bromine, and iodine D) both essentially identical to that by valence
B) fluorine, chlorine, and bromine electrons and responsible for a general decrease
C) fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine in atomic radius going down a group
D) fluorine and chlorine 2.24. The effective nuclear charge of an atom is
2.17. In which set of elements would all primarily affected by __________.
members be expected to have very similar A) inner electrons
chemical properties? B) outer electrons
A) O, S, Se C) nuclear charge
B) N, O, F D) electrondistribution
C) Na, Mg, K 2.25. In which of the following atoms is the 2s
D) S, Se, Si orbital closest to the nucleus?
2.18. Which element would be expected to have A) S
chemical and physical properties closest to those of B) Cl
fluorine? C) P
A) S B) Fe D) Si
C) Ne D) Cl 2.26. Which of the following correctly lists the
2.19. In which orbital does an electron in a five atoms in order of increasing size (smallest to
phosphorus atom experience the greatest effective largest)?
nuclear charge? A) O < F < S < Mg < Ba
A) 1s B) 2s B) F < O < S < Mg < Ba
C) 2p D) 3s C) F < O < S < Ba < Mg
2.20. Atomic radius generally increases as we D) O < F < S < Ba < Mg
move __________. 2.27. Of the compounds below, __________ has
A) down a group and from right to left across a the smallest ionic separation.
period A) KF
B) up a group and from left to right across a B) K 2S
period C) RbCl
C) down a group and from left to right across a D) SrBr2
period
D) up a group and from right to left across a 2.28. ________ is isoelectronic with argon and
period __________ is isoelectronic with neon.
2.21. Of the following, which gives the correct A) Cl- , F-
order for atomic radius for Mg, Na, P, Si and Ar? B) Cl− , Cl +
A) Mg > Na > P > Si > Ar
B) Ar > Si > P > Na > Mg C) F+, F−
C) Si > P > Ar > Na > Mg D) Ne − , Kr +
D) Na > Mg > Si > P > Ar 2.29. Which of the following is an isoelectronic
2.22. The atomic radius of main-group elements series?
generally increases down a group because _____. A) B5- ,Sr 4- ,As3- ,Te 2-
A) effective nuclear charge increases down a
B) F− , Cl− ,Br − ,I −
group
B) effective nuclear charge zigzags down a C) S, Cl, Ar, K
group D) O2- ,F−, Ne,Na +
C) the principal quantum number of the 2.30. Which isoelectronic series is correctly
valence orbitals increases arranged in order of increasing radius?
D) both effective nuclear charge increases A) K +  Ca 2+  Ar  Cl−
down a group and the principal quantum
B) Cl−  Ar  K +  Ca 2+
number of the valence orbitals increases
2.23. Screening of the nuclear charge by core C) Ca 2+  Ar  K +  Cl−

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Chapter 2: Periodic Properties of the Elements Lecturer: Dr. Nguyen Minh Kha

D) Ca 2+  K +  Ar  Cl− A) P(g) + e − → P- (g)

2.31. Which of the following correctly lists the
five atoms in order of increasing size (smallest to B) P(g) → P- (g) + e −
largest)? C) P(g) → P + (g) + e −
A) F < K < Ge < Br < Rb
B) F < Ge < Br < K < Rb D) P- (g) → P(g) + e −
C) F < K < Br < Ge < Rb 2.41. Which of the following correctly represents
D) F < Br < Ge < K < Rb the second ionization of phosphorus?
2.32. Of the choices below, which gives the A) P + (g) + e − → P 2+ (g)
order for first ionization energies? B) P(g) → P + (g) + e −
A) Cl > S > Al > Ar > Si
B) Ar > Cl > S > Si > Al C) P- (g) + e − → P 2− (g)
C) Al > Si > S > Cl > Ar D) P + (g) → P 2+ (g) + e −
D) Cl > S > Al > Si > Ar 2.42. Which ion below has the largest radius?
2.33. Of the following atoms, which has the
A) Cl −
largest first ionization energy?
A) Br B) O B) K +
C) C D) P C) Br −
2.34. Of the following elements, which has the D) F−
largest first ionization energy? 2.43. The ion with the smallest diameter is ____.
A) B B) N A) Br −
C) P D) Si B) Cl −
2.35. Of the elements below, __________ has the C) I−
largest first ionization energy.
D) F−
A) Li B) K
2.44. Of the following elements, ________ has
C) Na D) H
the most negative electron affinity.
2.36. ___ have the lowest first ionization
A) S
energies of the groups listed.
B) Cl
A) Alkali metals
C) Br
B) Transition elements
D) I
C) Halogens
2.45. Chlorine is much more apt to exist as an
D) Alkaline earth metals
anion than is sodium. This is because _______.
2.37. Which of the following has the largest
A) chlorine is bigger than sodium
second ionization energy?
B) chlorine has a greater ionization energy than
A) Si B) Mg
sodium does
C) Al D) Na
C) chlorine has a greater electron affinity than
2.38. Which equation correctly represents the
sodium does
first ionization of aluminum?
D) chlorine is a gas and sodium is a solid
A) Al− (g) → Al(g) + e − 2.46. Sodium is much more apt to exist as a
B) Al(g) → Al- (g) + e − cation than is chlorine. This is because ______.
A) chlorine is a gas and sodium is a solid
C) Al(g) + e − → Al- (g) B) chlorine has a greater electron affinity than
D) Al(g) → Al+ (g) + e- sodium does
C) chlorine is bigger than sodium
2.39. Which of the following correctly represents
D) chlorine has a greater ionization energy than
the second ionization of aluminum?
sodium does
A) Al(g) → Al+ (g) + e − 2.47. Which equation correctly represents the
B) Al-(g) + e − → Al 2− (g) electron affinity of calcium?
C) Al+ (g) + e − → Al 2+ (g) A) Ca(g) + e − → Ca - (g)
D) Al+ (g) → Al2+ (g) + e − B) Ca(g) → Ca + (g) + e −
2.40. Which equation correctly represents the C) Ca(g) → Ca − (g) + e −
first ionization of phosphorus?
D) Ca − (g) → Ca(g) + e −

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Chapter 2: Periodic Properties of the Elements Lecturer: Dr. Nguyen Minh Kha

2.48. Which of the following correctly represents D) P > S > Se

the electron affinity of bromine? 2.56. Transition metals within a period differ
A) Br(g) → Br + (g) + e − mainly in the number of ________ electrons.
A) s B) p
B) Br(g) + e− → Br − (g)
C) d D) f
C) Br 2 (g) + e− → Br − (g) 2.57. Which of the following traits characterizes
D) Br 2 (g) + 2e− → 2Br − (g) the alkali metals?
Consider the following electron configurations to A) very high melting point
answer the questions that follow: B) formation of dianions
C) the lowest first ionization energies in a
(i) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s1
period
(ii) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 D) the smallest atomic radius in a period
(iii) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p1 2.58. Which one of the following is not true
(iv) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 4 about the alkali metals?
A) They are low density solids at room
(v) 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p5 temperature.
2.49. The electron configuration belonging to the B) They all readily form ions with a +1 charge.
atom with the highest second ionization energy is C) They all have 2 electrons in their valence
__________. shells.
A) (i) B) (ii) D) They are very reactive elements.
C) (iii) D) (iv) 2.59. Consider the general valence electron
2.50. The electron configuration that belongs to configuration of ns 2 np 5 and the following
the atom with the lowest second ionization energy statements:
is __________. (i) Elements with this electron configuration
A) (i) B) (ii) are expected to form -1 anions.
C) (iii) D) (iv) (ii) Elements with this electron configuration
2.51. The electron configuration of the atom with are expected to have large
the most negative electron affinity is __________. positive electron affinities.
A) (ii) B) (iii) (iii) Elements with this electron configuration
C) (iv) D) (v) are nonmetals.
2.52. The electron configuration of the atom that (iv) Elements with this electron configuration
is expected to have a positive electron affinity is form acidic oxides.
__________. Which statements are true?
A) (i) B) (ii) A) (i) and (ii)
C) (iii) D) (iv) B) (i), (ii), and (iii)
2.53. In the generation of most anions, the C) (ii) and (iii)
energy change (kJ/mol) that _______ an electron is D) (i), (iii,) and (iv)
________. 2.60. Consider the following properties of an
A) removes, positive element:
B) adds, positive (i) It is solid at room temperature.
C) removes, negative (ii) It easily forms an oxide when exposed to
D) adds, negative air.
2.54. Of the elements below, __________ is the (iii) When it reacts with water, hydrogen gas
most metallic. evolves.
A) Na B) Mg (iv) It must be stored submerged in oil.
C) Al D) K Which element fits the above description the best?
2.55. The list that correctly indicates the order of A) sulfur
metallic character is __________. B) copper
A) B > N > C C) mercury
B) F > Cl > S D) sodium
C) Si > P > S